Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California
Ronald S. Oremland, L.G. Miller, Michael J. Whiticar
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 2915-2929
The ability to identify a formation mechanism for natural gas in a particular environment requires consideration of several geochemical factors when there are multiple sources present. Four primary sources of methane have been identified in Mono Lake. Two of these sources were associated with numerous natural gas seeps which...
Hydrogeologic controls of surface-water chemistry in the Adirondack region of New York State
N.E. Peters, C. T. Driscoll
1987, Biogeochemistry (3) 163-180
Relationships between surface-water discharge, water chemistry, and watershed geology were investigated to evaluate factors affecting the sensitivity of drainage waters in the Adirondack region of New York to acidification by atmospheric deposition. Instantaneous discharge per unit area was derived from relationships between flow and staff-gage readings at 10 drainage basins...
Suspended sediment and metals removal from urban runoff by a small lake
Robert G. Striegl
1987, Water Resources Bulletin (23) 985-996
A small lake in the Chicago Metropolitan Area was from 91 to 95 percent efficient in removing suspended sediment and from 76 to 94 percent efficient in removing copper, iron, lead, and zinc from urban runoff. Sediments accumulated in the lake in the form of an organic-rich mud at an...
Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of the Beowawe Geysers geothermal area, Nevada
F. H. Olmsted, F. E. Rush
1987, Geothermics (16) 27-46
The Beowawe Geysers in north-central Nevada are the discharge from a hydrothermal-convection system in a region of high heat flow. The site of thermal-fluid upflow (at about 18 kg/s before drilling and well testing) appears to be related to the intersection...
Possible Late Middle Ordovician organic carbon isotope excursion: Evidence from Ordovician oils and hydrocarbon source rocks, mid-continent and east-central United States
Joseph R. Hatch, Stephen R. Jacobson, Brian J. Witzke, J. Bruno Risatti, Donald E. Anders, W. Lynn Watney, K. David Newell, April K. Vuletich
1987, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (71) 1342-1354
Oils generated by Middle Ordovician rocks are found throughout the Mid-Continent and east-central regions of the United States. Gas chromatographic characteristics of these oils include a relatively high abundance of n-alkanes with carbon numbers less than 20, a strong predominance of odd-numbered n-alkanes between C10 and C20, and relatively small amounts...
Global petrologic variations on the moon: A ternary-diagram approach.
P. A. Davis, P. D. Spudis
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (92) 387-395
A ternary-diagram approach for determination of global petrologic variations on the lunar surface is presented that incorporates valuable improvements in our previous method of using geochemical variation diagrams. This new approach uses a ternary diagram that is subdivided into equally spaced segments along each of its three sides and has...
Modeling and analysis of direct-current electrical resistivity in the Durham Triassic basin, North Carolina
C. Erwin Brown
1987, Geoexploration (24) 429-440
Sixty-two Schlumberger electrical soundings were made in the Durham Triassic basin in an effort to determine basin structural geometry, depth of the sedimentary layers, and spatial distribution of individual rock facies. A digital computer program was used to invert the sounding curves of apparent resistivity versus distance to apparent resistivity...
Turbidity as a control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in estuaries
J. E. Cloern
1987, Continental Shelf Research (7) 1367-1381
In many coastal plain estuaries light attenuation by suspended sediments confines the photic zone to a small fraction of the water column, such that light limitation is a major control on phytoplankon production and turnover rate. For a variety of estuarine systems (e.g. San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound, Delaware Bay,...
EFFECT OF AN ACID RAIN ENVIRONMENT ON LIMESTONE SURFACES.
Victor G. Mossotti, James R. Lindsay, Michael F. Hochella Jr.
1987, Materials Performance (26) 47-52
Salem limestone samples were exposed to weathering for 1 y in several urban and one rural environments. Samples exposed in the rural location were chemically indistinguishable from the freshly quarried limestone, whereas all samples collected from urban exposure sites developed gypsum stains on the ground-facing surfaces where the stones were...
BOREHOLE NEUTRON ACTIVATION: THE RARE EARTHS.
J.L. Mikesell, F. E. Senftle
1987, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (35)
Neutron-induced borehole gamma-ray spectroscopy has been widely used as a geophysical exploration technique by the petroleum industry, but its use for mineral exploration is not as common. Nuclear methods can be applied to mineral exploration, for determining stratigraphy and bed correlations, for mapping ore deposits, and for studying mineral concentration...
Ecological aspects of microorganisms inhabiting uranium mill tailings
C.L. Miller, E. R. Landa, D.M. Updegraff
1987, Microbial Ecology (14) 141-155
Numbers and types of microorganisms in uranium mill tailings were determined using culturing techniques. Arthrobacter were found to be the predominant microorganism inhabiting the sandy tailings, whereas Bacillus and fungi predominated in the slime tailings. Sulfate-reducing bacteria, capable of leaching radium, were isolated in low numbers from tailings samples but...
A model for tides and currents in the English Channel and southern North Sea
Roy A. Walters
1987, Conference Paper, Advances in Water Resources
The amplitude and phase of 11 tidal constituents for the English Channel and southern North Sea are calculated using a frequency domain, finite element model. The governing equations - the shallow water equations - are modifed such that sea level is calculated using an elliptic equation of the Helmholz type...
Three volcanoes erupt in Alaska
T. P. Miller
1987, Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS) (19) 192-198
This is a description, illustrated with photographs, of the 1986 eruptions of Augustine, Pavlof and Akutan volcanoes. Augustine erupted pyroclastic flows, a large eruptive column, ash, and eventually a dome. Pavlof had an important Strombolian eruption which was one of the biggest in the last 30 years. Akutan had a...
Slab pull and the seismotectonics of subducting lithosphere
William Spence
1987, Reviews of Geophysics (25) 55-69
This synthesis links many seismic and tectonic processes at subduction zones, including great subduction earthquakes, to the sinking of subducted plate. Earthquake data and tectonic modeling for subduction zones indicate that the slab pull force is much larger than the ridge push force. Interactions between the forces that drive and...
Analysis of Shuttle Multispecral Infrared Radiometer measurements of the western Saudi Arabian shield.
Lawrence C. Rowan, Alexander F.H. Goetz, Elsa Abbott
1987, Geophysics (52) 907-923
During the November 12–14, 1981, mission of the space shuttle Columbia, the Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR) recorded radiances in ten channels along a 100 m wide groundtrack across the western Saudi Arabian shield. The ten channels are located in the 0.5 to 2.4 μm region, with five positioned between...
Modes of development of slope canyons and their relation to channel and levee features on the Ebro sediment apron, off-shore northeastern Spain
S. O'Connell, William B. F. Ryan, W. R. Normark
1987, Marine and Petroleum Geology (4)
Six submarine slope canyons in an area of the northwestern Mediterranean, offshore from the Ebro River and Delta, were surveyed with bathymetric swathmapping (SeaBeam) and mid-range side-looking sonar (SeaMARC I). All of the canyons have slightly winding paths with concave-upwards gradients that are relatively steep shallower than 1,200 m. Two...
Behavior of sensitivities in the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation: Implications for parameter estimation and sampling design
Debra S. Knopman, Clifford I. Voss
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 253-272
The spatial and temporal variability of sensitivities has a significant impact on parameter estimation and sampling design for studies of solute transport in porous media. Physical insight into the behavior of sensitivities is offered through an analysis of analytically derived sensitivities for the one-dimensional form of the advection-dispersion equation. When...
The decarbonation and heat capacity of ZnCO3
H.T. Haselton, J. R. Goldsmith
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 261-265
The decarbonation curve for ZnCO3 has been determined in the pressure range 3–20 kbar by using a combination of cold-seal vessels and piston-cylinder apparatus with NaCl assemblies. Heat capacities for both synthetic and natural ZnCO3 samples were measured by differential scanning calorimetry at temperatures ranging from 340 to 497 K. The results...
On the functional optimization of a certain class of nonstationary spatial functions
G. Christakos, P.N. Paraskevopoulos
1987, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications (52) 191-208
Procedures are developed in order to obtain optimal estimates of linear functionals for a wide class of nonstationary spatial functions. These procedures rely on well-established constrained minimum-norm criteria, and are applicable to multidimensional phenomena which are characterized by the so-called hypothesis of inherentity. The latter requires elimination of the polynomial,...
Chemical structural studies of natural lignin by dipolar dephasing solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
Patrick G. Hatcher
1987, Organic Geochemistry (11) 31-39
Two natural lignins, one from a gymnosperm wood the other from angiosperm wood, were examined by conventional solid-state and dipolar dephasing 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The results obtained from both techniques show that the structure of natural lignins is consistent with models of softwood and hardwood lignin. The dipolar...
Diagenesis and fluid flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico - regional zonation in the mineralogy and stable isotope composition of clay minerals in sandstone.
C. Gene Whitney, H. R. Northrop
1987, American Journal of Science (287) 353-382
The Westwater Canyon Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is a relatively homogeneous, hydrologically continuous 100-m-thick sequence of massive fluvial sandstone, bounded above and below by relatively heterogeneous, hydrologically discontinuous units and has served as a primary conduit for fluids within this stratigraphic interval. Patterns of mineral-fluid reactions suggest...
DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY OF THE PLANETS: NEW METHODS, ITS STATUS, AND ITS FUTURE.
R. M. Batson
1987, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (53) 1211-1218
A system has been developed that establishes a standardized cartographic database for each of the 19 planets and major satellites that have been explored to date. Compilation of the databases involves both traditional and newly developed digital image processing and mosaicking techniques, including radiometric and geometric corrections of the images....
Geology and origin of the Death Valley uranium deposit, Seward Peninsula, Alaska
Kendell A. Dickinson, Kenneth D. Cunningham, Thomas A. Ager
1987, Economic Geology (82) 1558-1574
A uranium deposit discovered in 1977 in western Alaska, by means of airborne radiometric data, is the largest known in Alaska on the basis of industry reserve estimates. At about latitude 65 degrees N, it is the most northerly known sandstone-type uranium deposit in the world. The deposit lies in...
Rainfall, ground-water flow, and seasonal movement at Minor Creek landslide, northwestern California: Physical interpretation of empirical relations
R.M. Iverson, J. J. Major
1987, Geological Society of America Bulletin (99) 579-594
Simple ground-water flow analyses can clarify complex empirical relations between rainfall and landslide motion. Here we present detailed data on rainfall, ground-water flow, and repetitive seasonal motion that occurred from 1982 to 1985 at Minor Creek landslide in northwestern California, and we interpret these data in the context of physically...
Plate-tectonic evolution of the western U.S.A.
W. Hamilton
1987, Episodes (10) 271-276
Changing interactions of lithospheric plates provide the framework for this review of the 3100 m.y. geological history of some 3 million km2 of mountains, deserts, plateaux and plains. The Precambrian to Neogene development of the western U.S.A. is outlined in terms of plate collisions, subduction events and deformation of lithospheric...
