Higher resolution satellite remote sensing and the impact on image mapping
Allen H. Watkins, June M. Thormodsgard
1987, Acta Astronautica (16) 221-232
Recent advances in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of civil land remote sensing satellite data are presenting new opportunities for image mapping applications. The U.S. Geological Survey's experimental satellite image mapping program is evolving toward larger scale image map products with increased information content as a result of improved image...
Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models
David B. Grove, Kenneth G. Stollenwerk
1987, Water Resources Bulletin (23) 601-615
Recent literature concerning the modeling of chemical reactions during transport in ground water is examined with emphasis on sorption reactions. The theory of transport and reactions in porous media has been well documented. Numerous equations have been developed from this theory, to provide both continuous and sequential or multistep models,...
Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide
T. Wiltowski, C.C. Hinckley, Gerard V. Smith, T. Nishizawa, Mykola Saporoschenko, R.H. Shiley, J.R. Webster
1987, Journal of Solid State Chemistry (71) 95-102
The reduction of iron sulfides by hydrogen and by carbon monoxide has been studied using plug flow and thermogravimetric methods. The reactions were studied in the 523–723°K temperature range and were found to be first-order processes. Plug flow studies were used to correlate reaction rates between pyrite and the gases...
Valles Marineris, Mars: Wet debris flows and ground ice
Baerbel K. Lucchitta
1987, Icarus (72) 411-429
Detailed study of the Valles Marineris equatorial troughs suggests that the landslides in that area contained water and probably were gigantic wet debris flows: one landslide complex generated a channel that has several bends and extends for 250 km. Further support for water or ice in debris masses includes rounded...
Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes
G. Christakos
1987, Mathematical Geology (19) 807-831
In this study, developments in the theory of stochastic simulation are discussed. The unifying element is the notion of Radon projection in Euclidean spaces. This notion provides a natural way of reconstructing the real process from a corresponding process observable on a reduced dimensionality space, where analysis is theoretically easier...
Age of uranium mineralization at the Jabiluka and Ranger deposits, Northern Territory, Australia: New U-Pb isotope evidence
K.R. Ludwig, R. I. Grauch, C.J. Nutt, J. T. Nash, D. Frishman, K. R. Simmons
1987, Economic Geology (82) 857-874
The Ranger and Jabiluka uranium deposits are the largest in the Alligator Rivers uranium field, which contains at least 20 percent of the world's low-cost uranium reserves. Ore occurs in early Proterozoic metasediments, below an unconformity with sandstones of the 1.65-b.y.-old Kombolgie Formation. This study has used U-Pb isotope data...
Coastal lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualalai volcanoes, Kona, Hawaii
James G. Moore, D. Clague
1987, Bulletin of Volcanology (49) 752-764
A major carbonate reef which drowned 13 ka is now submerged 150 m below sea level on the west coast of the island of Hawaii. A 25-km span of this reef was investigated using the submersible Makali'i. The reef occurs on the flanks of two active volcanoes, Mauna Loa and...
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Low Flow Characteristics of Streams
Gary D. Tasker
1987, Water Resources Bulletin (23) 1077-1083
Four methods for estimating the 7-day, 10-year and 7-day, 20-year low flows for streams are compared by the bootstrap method. The bootstrap method is a Monte Carlo technique in which random samples are drawn from an unspecified sampling distribution defined from observed data. The nonparametric nature of the bootstrap makes...
DEFORESTATION AND LANDSLIDES IN YUNNAN, CHINA.
Gerald F. Wieczorek, Jishan Wu, Tianchi Li
1987, Conference Paper
Landslides historically have caused severe erosion problems in the Xiao River drainage region of northeastern Yunnan Province, China, that hence resulted in serious economic and social consequences. Owing to monsoonal storms of high rainfall intensity, the erosion potential is high in this mountainous, seismically active region. Landslides transported large quantities...
Mineralogy and petrology of the Cretaceous- Tertiary boundary clay bed and adjacent clay-rich rocks, Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado.
R. M. Pollastro, C. L. Pillmore
1987, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (57) 456-466
The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary is preserved in a sequence of coal-bearing, fluvial rocks in the lower part of the Raton Formation (Late Cretaceous and Paleocene) at several sites in the east-central part of the Raton Basin. The K-T boundary occurs at the top...
Holocene and latest Pleistocene glacial chronology, Glacier National Park, Montana.
P. E. Carrara
1987, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (24) 387-395
Moraines of two different age groups have been identified fronting the present-day glaciers and snowfields in Glacier National Park, Montana. The subdued, vegetated moraines of the older group have been found at 25 sites, mainly in the central part of the Lewis Range. These older moraines are in places overlain...
Geology of the Holocene surficial uranium deposit of the north fork of Flodelle Creek, northeastern Washington (USA)
S. Y. Johnson, J. K. Otton, D. L. Macke
1987, Geological Society of America Bulletin (98) 77-85
The north fork of Flodelle Creek drainage basin in northeastern Washington contains the first surficial uranium deposit to be mined in the United States. The uranium was leached from granitic bedrock and fixed in organic-rich pond sediments. The distribution of these pond sediments and, therefore, the uranium has been strongly...
Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California
D.A. Cacchione, M.E. Field, D.E. Drake, G. B. Tate
1987, Geology (15) 1134-1137
Large crescentic dunes that resemble barchans have been discovered within elongate scour depressions on the northern California inner continental shelf by using side-scan sonar. These dunes appear to be migrating obliquely to the regional shelf gradient; a preferred offshore direction of transport is...
Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law
John R. Nimmo, J. Rubin, D.P. Hammermeister
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 124-134
A method has been developed to establish steady state flow of water in an unsaturated soil sample spinning in a centrifuge. Theoretical analysis predicts moisture conditions in the sample that depend strongly on soil type and certain operating parameters. For Oakley sand, measurements of flux, water content, and matric potential...
Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings
David V. Fitterman, Walter L. Anderson
1987, Geoexploration (24) 131-146
A general procedure for computing the effect of non-zero turn-off time on the transient electromagnetic response is presented which can be applied to forward and inverse calculation methods for any transmitter-receiver configuration. We consider in detail the case of a large transmitter loop which has a receiver coil located at...
The Steens Mountain (Oregon) geomagnetic polarity transition: 3. Its regional significance
E. A. Mankinen, E.E. Larson, C. S. Grommé, M. Prevot, R. S. Coe
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (92) 8057-8076
Study of the variations of direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field as recorded by the Miocene lava flows on Steens Mountain, southeastern Oregon, has resulted in a detailed description of total field behavior during a reversal in polarity. In addition to information about the polarity reversal itself, the detailed...
A review of applications of U-Th-Pb isotope systematics to investigations of uranium source rocks.
J. S. Stuckless
1987, Uranium (3) 235-244
U, Th and Pb concentrations and the isotopic composition of Pb can be used to evaluate crystalline rocks as a source for U in sedimentary deposits. Under favourable geologic circumstances, the technique can yield information on both the timing and the amount of U released to the sedimentary environment. The...
An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)
W. W. Dickinson
1987, Chemical Geology (65) 103-116
A closed-system model is used for predicting the δ18O of formation waters in the deep portions of the northern Green River basin, Wyoming. δ18Ocalcite is calculated from this modeled water and compared with the δ18O of measured calcites to help interpret diagenesis in the basin.The modification of 18Owater, which may be caused...
Near-bottom suspended matter concentration on the Continental Shelf during storms: estimates based on in situ observations of light transmission and a particle size dependent transmissometer calibration
J. A. Moody, B. Butman, Michael H. Bothner
1987, Continental Shelf Research (7) 609-628
A laboratory calibration of Sea Tech and Montedoro-Whitney beam transmissometers shows a linear relation between light attenuation coefficient (cp) and suspended matter concentration (SMC) for natural sediments and for glass beads. However the proportionality constant between cp and SMC depends on the particle diameter and particle type. Thus, to measure...
External effects of irrigators' pumping decisions, high plains aquifer
William M. Alley, John E. Schefter
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 1123-1130
The High Plains aquifer, which underlies about 174,000 square miles (1 square mile = 2.59 km2) in the Great Plains, is the principal source of water in one of the nation's major agricultural areas. This paper examines relationships between the scale of management areas and physical factors, resulting from the...
Petrologic and experimental evidence for the etching of garnets by organic acids in the upper Jurassic Morrision Formation, northwestern New Mexico
P. L. Hansley
1987, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (57) 666-681
The upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the southern part of the San Juan Basin contains uniquely etched detrital garnets characterized by smooth, crystallographically controlled faceted surfaces. The etched garnets occur in relatively homogeneous Morrison sandstones in discrete stratigraphic zones that are bounded above...
Determination of alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants in groundwater using macroreticular resins and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
E. Michael Thurman, T. Willoughby, Larry B. Barber, Kevin A. Thorn
1987, Analytical Chemistry (59) 1798-1802
Alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants were determined in groundwater at concentrations as low as 0.3 mg/L. The method uses XAD-8 resin for concentration, followed by elution with methanol, separation of anionic and nonionic surfactants by anion exchange, quantitation by titration, and identification by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Laboratory standards and field samples...
Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer
R.W. Harvey, L.H. George
1987, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (53) 2992-2996
Growth rates of unattached bacteria in groundwater contaminated with treated sewage and collected at various distances from the source of contamination were estimated by using frequency of dividing cells and tritiated-thymidine uptake and compared with growth rates obtained with unsupplemented, closed-bottle incubations. Estimates of bacterial generation times [(In 2)/μ] along...
Microprocessor-based data-acquisition system for a borehole radar
Jerry A. Bradley, David L. Wright
1987, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GE-25) 441-447
An efficient microprocessor-based system has been implemented that permits real-time acquisition, stacking, and digital recording of data generated by a borehole radar system. Although the system digitizes, stacks, and records independently of a computer, it is interfaced to a desktop computer for program control over system parameters such as sampling...
Measurements of210Pb,137Cs, organic carbon and trace elements in sediments of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers
R.A. Cahill, A.D. Autrey
1987, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles (110) 197-205
Radiometric dating of sediment accumulations by137Cs and210Pb has been successfully initiated in the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Sedimentation rates measured at 13 locations range from 0.7 to 3.6 cm/y. Chemical analysis has been completed for up to 45 major and trace elements in core samples. The upper Illinois River contains...
