FINDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON COAL QUALITY.
Stanley P. Schweinfurth, Susan Garbini
1985, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been doing research on coal quality for almost a century. Most of the work of the USGS regarding coal went into efforts to assess the quantity of coal in the United States, not the quality. On April 9-11, 1985, the U. S. Geological...
PREPRO: a computer program for encoding regional exploration data for use in characteristic analysis
N.J. Bridges, J.T. Hanley, R.B. McCammon
1985, Computers & Geosciences (11) 513-519
The preprocessor (PREPRO) computer program offers the exploration geologist a variety of options for encoding regional exploration data into ternary form for use in characteristic analysis. PREPRO's options include variable-input formats, cursor input, ordering among a set of input variables, and selectable ternary transformations. Moreover, the program provides for the...
Comparison of aquifer characteristics derived from local and regional aquifer tests
R.B. Randolph, R.E. Krause, M.L. Maslia
1985, Groundwater (23) 309-316
A comparison of the aquifer parameter values obtained through the analysis of a local and a regional aquifer test involving the same area in southeast Georgia is made in order to evaluate the validity of extrapolating local aquifer-test results for use in large-scale flow simulations. Time-drawdown and time-recovery data were...
Redescription of Bellerophon asiaticus Wirth (Early Triassic: Gastropoda) from China, and a survey of Triassic Bellerophontacea
E.Y. Yochelson, Hongfu Yin
1985, Journal of Paleontology (59) 1305-1319
The bilaterally symmetrical gastropod Bellerophon asiaticus Wirth is redescribed from specimens collected in Guizhou Province, PRC. The species is reassigned to Retispira, a common late Paleozoic taxon. Retispira is another example of a Paleozoic gastropod genus that crossed the era boundary. Associated pelecypods that date these Guizhou occurrences as Early...
Origin of caves and other solution openings in the unsaturated (vadose) zone of carbonate rocks: A model for CO2 generation
W.W. Wood
1985, Geology (13) 822-824
The enigma that caves and other solution openings form in carbonate rocks at great depths below land surface rather than forming from the surface downward can be explained by the generation of CO2 within the aquifer system. In the proposed model, CO2 is generated by the oxidation of particulate and/or...
Global map of eolian features on Mars
A. W. Ward, K.B. Doyle, P. J. Helm, M.K. Weisman, N.E. Witbeck
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 2038-2056
Ten basic categories of eolian features on Mars were identified from a survey of Mariner 9 and Viking orbiter images. The ten features mapped are (1) light streaks (including frost streaks), (2) dark streaks, (3) sand sheets or splotches, (4) barchari dunes, (5) transverse dunes, (6) crescentic dunes, (7) anomalous...
The Schwartzwalder uranium deposit, II: Age of uranium mineralization and lead isotope constraints on genesis
K.R. Ludwig, A. R. Wallace, K. R. Simmons
1985, Economic Geology (80) 1858-1871
U-Pb isotope analyses of ores from the Schwartzwalder uranium mine, Colorado, show that these ores have high amounts of initial (common) Pb and that the initial Pb was both variable and relatively radiogenic in its Pb isotope ratios ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 26-30). As a result, the only useful approach to dating...
Geophysical techniques for reconnaissance investigations of soils and surficial deposits in mountainous terrain
C.G. Olson, J.A. Doolittle
1985, Soil Science Society of America Journal (49) 1490-1498
Two techniques were assessed for their capabilities in reconnaissance studies of soil characteristics: depth to the water table and depth to bedrock beneath surficial deposits in mountainous terrain. Ground-penetrating radar had the best near-surface resolution in the upper 2 m of the profile and provided continuous interpretable imagery of soil...
Simulation of steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks using the boundary-element method
A.M. Shapiro, J. Andersson
1985, Advances in Water Resources (8) 106-110
An efficient method for simulating steady-state flow in three-dimensional fracture networks is formulated with the use of the boundary-element method. The host rock is considered to be impervious, and the fractures can be of any orientation and areal extent. The fractures are treated as surfaces where fluid movement is essentially...
Assessment of long-term salinity changes in an irrigated stream-aquifer system
Leonard F. Konikow, Mark Person
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1611-1624
Changes in salinity in groundwater and surface water in the Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado are primarily related to irrigation practices. A solute transport model was applied to an 11-mile reach of the valley to compute salinity changes in response to spatially and temporally varying stresses. The model was...
Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama
Roger W. Lee
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1545-1556
Geochemical samples of waters along two hydrologic flow paths in four Upper Cretaceous aquifers of northeastern Mississippi and western Alabama indicate similar geochemical evolution of their respective waters. The waters of the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw-McShan aquifers, noncalcareous sands, increase downgradient in dissolved solids and pH, and are dominated by sodium...
Absolute calibration of Landsat instruments using the moon.
H. H. Kieffer, R.L. Wildey
1985, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (51) 1391-1393
A lunar observation by Landsat could provide improved radiometric and geometric calibration of both the Thematic Mapper and the Multispectral Scanner in terms of absolute radiometry, determination of the modulation transfer function, and sensitivity to scattered light. A pitch of the spacecraft would be required. -Authors...
Drainage development of the Green River Basin in southwestern Wyoming and its bearing on fish biogeography, neotectonics, and paleoclimates.
W. R. Hansen
1985, Mountain Geologist (22) 192-204
The Upper Green River flows southward out of the Green River Basin through a series of deep canyons across the Uinta Mountains in a course that post-dates the deposition of the Bishop Conglomerate (Oligocene). After the Eocene lakes disappeared, drainage was generally eastward across the present Continental Divide, until the...
Lacustrine-humate model for primary uranium ore deposits, Grants uranium region, New Mexico
C. E. Turner-Peterson
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 1990-2020
Two generations of uranium ore, primary and redistributed, occur in fluvial sandstones of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the San Juan basin; the two stages of ore formation can be related to the hydrologic history of the basin. Primary ore formed soon after Morrison deposition, in the Late Jurassic...
Saprolite formation beneath Coastal Plain sediments near Washington, D.C.
M.J. Pavich, S. F. Obermeier
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 886-900
Crystalline rocks buried beneath Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments in the Washington, D.C., area commonly have weathering profiles that resemble exposed saprolite of the Piedmont. Cuts along the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) route in northern Virginia show a bedrock weathering profile beneath Cretaceous and younger sediments.Three lines of evidence...
Vent evolution and lag breccia formation during the Cape Riva eruption of Santorini, Greece
T. H. Druitt
1985, Journal of Geology (93) 439-454
The 18,500 yr. b.p. Cape Riva (CR) eruption of Santorini vented several km3 or more of magma, generating four eruption units: a basal Plinian fall deposit (CR-A) and three pyroclastic flow deposits (CR-B to CR-D upwards). CR-B and CR-D are welded ignimbrites; CR-C consists predominantly of up to 25 m...
Electrical geophysical investigations of massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks, West Shasta copper-zinc district
R. J. Horton, B. D. Smith, J.C. Washburne
1985, Economic Geology (80) 2213-2229
The West Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California, contains many volcanogenic sulfide deposits within Middle Devonian rhyolites that have not been highly metamorphosed. The district was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey for intensive geological, geochemical, and geophysical study under the Development of Assessment Techniques (DAT) project because accessible exposures...
Root zone of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera, northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
K.S. Kellogg
1985, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (90) 11253-11262
The eroded root of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera crops out in a striking, roughly elliptical feature, about 27 km long and 22 km wide, near the northeastern edge of the Arabian Shield. The caldera is genetically part of an elongate alkalic granitic massif (Jabal Salma) that extends 35 km...
Proximal bedded deposits related to pyroclastic flows of May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens, Washington
P. D. Rowley, N. S. MacLeod, M. A. Kuntz, A.M. Kaplan
1985, Geological Society of America Bulletin (96) 1373-1383
Thin-bedded, dacitic, pumiceous pyroclastic-flow deposits partly cover the steep northern flank of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington. They are termed proximal bedded pyroclastic-flow (PBPF) deposits and were formed during the eruption of May 18, 1980. These unconsolidated deposits, as much as 20 m thick, are characterized by well-defined, chiefly plane-parallel...
Streamflow variability in the United States: 1931-1978.
H.F. Lins
1985, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (24) 463-471
Systematic modes of spatial and temporal variation in a 48-year record of streamflow are defined using principal components. The components were calculated from a matrix of annual streamflow departures for 106 grid cells covering the United States in the years 1931-78. Five statistically significant components are found to account for...
Saudi Arabian seismic-refraction profile: A traveltime interpretation of crustal and upper mantle structure
Walter D. Mooney, M. E. Gettings, H. R. Blank, J. H. Healy
1985, Tectonophysics (111) 173-246
The crustal and upper mantle compressional-wave velocity structure across the southwestern Arabian Shield has been investigated by a 1000-km-long seismic refraction profile. The profile begins in Mesozoic cover rocks near Riyadh on the Arabian Platform, trends southwesterly across three major Precambrian tectonic provinces, traverses Cenozoic rocks of the coastal plain...
The National Cartographic Information Center: An information resource on mapping products for the nation
Alan R. Stevens
1985, Science and Technology Libraries (5) 25-38
Since its inception in 1974 the National Cartographic Information Center (NCIC), U.S. Geological Survey, has rapidly developed to become a focial point for providing information on the availability of cartographic data, including maps/charts, aerial photographics, satellite imagery, geodetic control, digitial mapping data, map materials and related cartographic products. In early...
Character and regional significance of Great Falls tectonic zone, east-central Idaho and west-central Montana
J. Michael O’Neill, David A. Lopez
1985, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (69) 437-447
The Great Falls tectonic zone, here named, is a belt of diverse northeast-trending geologic features that can be traced from the Idaho batholith in the Cordilleran miogeocline, across thrust-belt structures and basement rocks of west-central and southwestern Montana, through cratonic rocks of central Montana, and into southwesternmost Saskatchewan, Canada. Geologic...
Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology
P. W. Lipman, N.G. Banks, J.M. Rhodes
1985, Nature (317) 604-607
During the north-east rift eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, on 25 March-14 April 1984 (Fig. 1), microphenocryst contents of erupted lava increased from 0.5 to 30% without concurrent change in either bulk magma composition or eruption temperature (1,140 ?? 3 ??C). The crystallization of the microphenocrysts is interpreted here...
A nomogram for interpreting slope stability of fine-grained deposits in modern and ancient-marine environments.
J.S. Booth, D.A. Sangrey, J.K. Fugate
1985, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (55) 29-36
Design of the nomogram is based on effective stress and combines consolidation theory as applicable to depositional environments with the infinite-slope model of slope-stability analysis. The link between the two combined theories is a term representing the effective overburden stress, which may be...
