The use of geologic and seismologic information to reduce earthquake Hazards in California
W. J. Kockelman, C.C. Campbell
1984, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (6) 67-78
Five examples illustrate how geologic and seismologic information can be used to reduce the effects of earthquakes Included are procedures for anticipating damage to critical facilities, preparing, adopting, or implementing seismic safety studies, plans, and programs, retrofitting highway bridges, regulating development in areas subject to fault-rupture, and strengthening or removing...
ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN HYDROTHERMAL CONVECTION SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Manuel Nathenson
1984, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference
The amount of thermal energy in high-temperature geothermal systems (>150 degree C) in the United States has been calculated by estimating the temperature, area, and thickness of each identified system. These data, along with a general model for recoverability of geothermal energy and a calculation that takes account of the...
Graphite sample preparation for AMS in a high pressure and temperature press
Meyer Rubin, Bjorn O. Mysen, Henry Polach
1984, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms (5) 272-273
A high pressure-temperature press is used to make target material for accelerator mass spectrometry. Graphite was produced from typical **1**4C samples including oxalic acid and carbonates. Beam strength of **1**2C was generally adequate, but random radioactive contamination by **1**4C made age measurements impractical....
Isotopic evidence for glacial meltwater recharge to the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer, north-central United States
D. I. Siegel, R.J. Mandle
1984, Quaternary Research (22) 328-335
The chemistry of water in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer in six midwestern states has been studied as part of the Northern Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey. Dissolved-solids concentrations generally increase perpendicular to the direction of regional groundwater flow, from less than 400 mg/liter in southeast Minnesota, southwest...
Paleogene geology and chronology of southwestern Umnak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
H. McLean, J.R. Hein
1984, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (21) 171-180
The rocks of southwestern Umnak Island (Nikolski area) consist mainly of a slightly deformed marine sedimentary sequence intruded by hypabyssal quartz diorite sills and small plutons. Laminated and thin-bedded argillaceous and tuffaceous mudstone and siltstone reflect volcanic arc sedimentation from late Eocene to early Oligocene time. Zeolite facies minerals formed...
Simulation of ground-water flow in a mined watershed in eastern Ohio
J. S. Weiss, A. C. Razem
1984, Groundwater (22) 549-560
A 43-acre watershed in Muskingum County, Ohio, was studied to determine the hydrologic consequences of strip mining for coal. A quantitative description of the effects on the ground-water flow components of the hydrologic system has been obtained using digital models.The premining watershed was characterized by...
APPLICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO PETROLEUM RESOURCE ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS.
Betty M. Miller, Michael A. Domaratz
1984, Conference Paper
Petroleum resource assessment procedures require the analysis of a large volume of spatial data. The US Geological Survey (USGS) has developed and applied spatial information handling procedures and digital cartographic techniques to a recent study involving the assessment of oil and gas resource potential for 74 million acres of designated...
The Palmer Drought Severity Index: limitations and assumptions.
W.M. Alley
1984, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (23) 1100-1109
The structure of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), which is perhaps the most widely used regional index of drought, is examined. The PDSI addresses two of the most elusive properties of droughts: their intensity and their beginning and ending times. Under certain conditions, the PDSI values are very sensitive...
Chemical determination of particulate nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. Nitrogen: chlorophyll a ratios in plankton
S.W. Hager, D.D. Harmon, A.E. Alpine
1984, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (19) 193-204
Particulate nitrogen (PN) and chlorophyll a (Chla) were measured in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay throughout 1980. The PN values were calculated as the differences between unfiltered and filtered (0·4 μm) samples analyzed using the UV-catalyzed peroxide digestion method. The Chla values were measured spectrophotometrically, with corrections made for phaeopigments. The...
U-Pb isotope systematics and apparent ages of uranium ores, Ambrosia Lake and Smith Lake districts, Grants mineral belt, New Mexico
K.R. Ludwig, K. R. Simmons, J.D. Webster
1984, Economic Geology (79) 322-337
Orebodies occur in continental sandstones of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation and comprise two main types of mineralization; primary ore formed early in the history of the host rock and resulted in tabular, peneconcordant orebodies rich in organic material; redistributed ore apparently was formed by oxidative destruction and reconcentration of...
Geology of the Devonian black shales of the Appalachian Basin
John B. Roen
1984, Organic Geochemistry (5) 241-254
Black shales of Devonian age in the Appalachian Basin are a unique rock sequence. The high content of organic matter, which imparts the characteristic lithology, has for years attracted considerable interest in the shales as a possible source of energy. The recent energy shortage prompted the U.S. Department of Energy...
Modification of δ D values in eastern Nevada granitoid rocks spatially related to thrust faults
D. E. Lee, Irving Friedman, J.D. Gleason
1984, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (88) 288-298
Stable isotope data have been determined for 13 Mesozoic and Tertiary plutons in eastern Nevada and nearby Utah. In the southern Snake Range of eastern Nevada, where relations are best exposed and have been most intensively studied, δD, δ 18O, and apparent K-Ar ages depend on proximity to the Snake...
Great Salt Lake, and precursors, Utah: The last 30,000 years
R. J. Spencer, M.J. Baedecker, H.P. Eugster, R. M. Forester, M. B. Goldhaber, B.F. Jones, K. Kelts, J. McKenzie, D.B. Madsen, S.L. Rettig, M. Rubin, C.J. Bowser
1984, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (86) 321-334
Sediment cores up to 6.5 m in length from the South Arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, have been correlated. Radiocarbon ages and volcanic tephra layers indicate a record of greater than 30,000 years. A variety of approaches have been employed to collect data used in stratigraphic correlation and lake...
Interpretation of gravity data in a complex volcano-tectonic setting, southwestern Nevada
David B. Snyder, W. J. Carr
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (89) 10193-10206
This regional gravity study, based on an irregular 2-km data grid, was conducted during the past few years at Yucca Mountain, southern Nye County, Nevada, as part of a program to locate a suitable repository for high-level nuclear waste. About 100 surface rock samples, three borehole gamma-gamma logs, and one...
Gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles in fluid and gas inclusions
F. Andrawes, G. Holzer, E. Roedder, E.K. Gibson Jr., John Oro
1984, Journal of Chromatography A (302) 181-193
Most geological samples and some synthetic materials contain fluid inclusions. These inclusions preserve for us tiny samples of the liquid and/or the gas phase that was present during formation, although in some cases they may have undergone significant changes from the original material. Studies of the current composition of the...
Volcanic glasses, their origins and alteration processes
I. Friedman, W. Long
1984, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids (67) 127-133
Natural glass can be formed by volcanic processes, lightning (fulgarites) burning coal, and by meteorite impact. By far the most common process is volcanic - basically the glass is rapidly chilled molten rock. All natural glasses are thermodynamically unstable and tend to alter chemically or to crystallize. The rate of...
Volatiles of Mount St. Helens and their origins
I. Barnes
1984, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (22) 133-146
Analyses have been made of gases in clouds apparently emanating from Mount St. Helens. Despite appearances, most of the water in these clouds does not issue from the volcano. Even directly above a large fumarole ??D and ?? 18O data indicate that only half the water can come from the...
Pilot study for U.S. Geological Survey Standard Reference Water Samples for pesticides
L.C. Friedman, M. J. Fishman, D.K. Boyle
1984, Journal of Testing and Evaluation (12) 114-118
The U.S. Geological Survey has been preparing and maintaining a library of standard reference water samples for inorganic constituents for 19 years. Recently, a pilot study was conducted to see if the reference-sample program could be expanded to include pesticides and other organic materials. Two samples containing organochlorine and organophosphorus...
New data for iimoriite.
E.E. Foord, M.H. Staatz, N. M. Conklin
1984, American Mineralogist (69) 196-199
In its first reported occurrence outside of Japan, iimoriite, Y2(SiO4)(CO3), has been found in a thorite- and uraninite-bearing quartz and albite vein from Bokan Mountain on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. It occurs as buff-tan subhedral and anhedral grains, 0.01-0.5 mm in diameter, with vitreous lustre, white streak, and H....
Moho orientation beneath central California from regional earthquake travel times
David H. Oppenheimer, Jerry P. Eaton
1984, Journal of Geophysical Research (89) 10267-10282
This paper examines relative Pn arrival times, recorded by the U. S. Geological Survey seismic network in central and northern California from an azimuthally distributed set of regional earthquakes. Improved estimates are presented of upper mantle velocities in the Coast Ranges, Great Valley, and Sierra Nevada foothills and estimates of...
Age and origin of anorthosites, charnockites, and granulites in the Central Virginia Blue Ridge: Nd and Sr isotopic evidence
H.S. Pettingill, A.K. Sinha, M. Tatsumoto
1984, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (85) 279-291
Rb-Sr isotopic data for anorthosites, charnockites, ferrodioritic to quartz monzonitic plutons, and high-grade gneisses of the Blue Ridge of central Virginia show evidence of post-emplacement metamorphism, but in some cases retain Grenville ages. The Pedlar River Charnockite Suite yields an isochron age of 1021 +/-36 Ma, (initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of...
Seismicity at Old Faithful Geyser: an isolated source of geothermal noise and possible analogue of volcanic seismicity
S. W. Kieffer
1984, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (22) 59-95
Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, U.S.A., is a relatively isolated source of seismic noise and exhibits seismic behavior similar to that observed at many volcanoes, including "bubblequakes" that resemble B-type "earthquakes", harmonic tremor before and during eruptions, and periods of seismic quiet prior to eruptions. Although Old Faithful...
TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURING OF RASTER-SCANNED LINE MAP DATA.
Robin G. Fegeas, Richard A. Pearsall
1984, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping
The U. S. Geological Survey has a requirement for the collection of large amounts of digital map data from existing graphic map separates. Prototype production techniques have been developed to capture line data from the map separates using a raster-scanning input device. After minimal editing in raster form, the data...
Metamorphic history of a high-grade blueschist exotic block from the Franciscan complex, California
Diane E. Moore
1984, Journal of Petrology (25) 126-150
A high-grade blueschist tectonic block from the Franciscan Complex of the northeast Diablo Range shows evidence of three episodes of retrograde blueschist facies metamorphism ± deformation developed under progressively declining P-T conditions. The first retrograde metamorphism involved formation of an outer rind of actinolite + chlorite + rutile ± phengite, and...
The Piedmont landscape of Maryland: a new look at an old problem.
J. E. Costa, E.T. Cleaves
1984, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (9) 59-74
Both equilibrium and episodic erosion features can be recognized in the modern landscape. An equilibrium condition is suggested by adjustment of first and second order streams to rock structure and lithology, entrenchment of some streams against gneiss domes, altitudinal zonation of rock types around gneiss domes, correlation of lithology with...
