Worth of geophysical data in natural- disaster- insurance rate setting.
E. D. Attanasi, M.R. Karlinger
1982, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology (21) 453-460
Insurance firms that offer natural-disaster insurance base their rates on available information. The benefits from collecting additional data and incorporating this information to improve parameter estimates of probability distributions that are used to characterize natural-disaster events can be determined by computing changes in premiums as a function of additional data....
Application of modulus degradation model of clays
A.T.F. Chen
1982, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE (108) 1203-1214
A degradation model is applied in conjunction with different soil models and stress-strain relations to site response analyses during earthquakes. To evaluate the effects of degradation, computations on two clay deposits subjected to both high and low-level input excitations are conducted. In addition, modulus degradation with or without shear strength...
Estimating irrigation water use and withdrawal of ground water on the High Plains, U.S.A.
J. R. Wray
1982, Advances in Space Research (2) 127-129
In four decades following the Dust Bowl days of the 1930's, extensive areas of dry farming and rangeland on the semi-arid U.S. High Plains were transformed into a vast region of irrigated oases, producing meat and grain for much of the world. The agricultural economy has experienced such rapid growth...
Comparison of techniques for estimating annual lake evaporation using climatological data
M.E. Andersen, H.E. Jobson
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 630-636
Mean annual evaporation estimates were determined for 30 lakes by use of a numerical model (Morton, 1979) and by use of an evaporation map prepared by the U.S. Weather Service (Kohler et al., 1959). These estimates were compared to the reported value of evaporation determined from measurements on each lake....
Depositional setting and diagenetic evolution of some Tertiary unconventional reservoir rocks, Uinta Basin, Utah
Janet K. Pitman, T. D. Fouch, M. B. Goldhaber
1982, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (66) 1581-1596
The Douglas Creek Member of the Tertiary Green River Formation underlies much of the Uinta basin, Utah, and contains large volumes of oil and gas trapped in a complex of fractured low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. In the southeastern part of the basin at Pariette Bench, the Eocene Douglas Creek Member is...
Morphology, distribution, and development of submarine canyons on the United States Atlantic continental slope between Hudson and Baltimore Canyons
David C. Twichell, David G. Roberts
1982, Geology (10) 408-412
The distribution and morphology of submarine canyons off the eastern United States between Hudson and Baltimore Canyons have been mapped by long-range sidescan sonar. In this area canyons are numerous, and their spacing correlates with overall slope gradient; they are absent where the gradient is less than 3°, are 2...
Chemical and mineralogical analysis of devonian black-shale samples from Martin County, Kentucky; Carroll and Washington counties, Ohio; Wise County, Virginia; and Overton County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
J.S. Leventhal, J. W. Hosterman
1982, Chemical Geology (37) 239-264
Core samples of Devonian shales from five localities in the Appalachian basin have been analyzed chemically and mineralogically. The amounts of major elements are similar; however, the minor constituents, organic C, S, phosphate and carbonate show ten-fold variations in amounts. Trace elements Mo, Ni, Cu, V, Co, U, Zn, Hg,...
Formation and interpretation of dilatant echelon cracks
D. D. Pollard, P. Segall, P.T. Delaney
1982, Geological Society of America Bulletin (93) 1291-1303
The relative displacements of the walls of many veins, joints, and dikes demonstrate that these structures are dilatant cracks. We infer that dilatant cracks propagate in a principal stress plane, normal to the maximum tensile or least compressive stress. Arrays of echelon crack...
The graphic cell method: a new look at digitizing geologic maps
J.T. Hanley
1982, Computers & Geosciences (8) 149-161
The graphic cell method is an alternative method of digitizing areal geologic information. It involves a discrete-point sampling scheme in which the computer establishes a matrix of cells over the map. Each cell and the whole cell is assigned the identity or value of the geologic information that is recognized...
Differential compaction mechanism for earth fissures near Casa Grande, Arizona
R.C. Jachens, T.L. Holzer
1982, Geological Society of America Bulletin (93) 998-1012
Precise gravity measurements indicate that earth fissures or tension cracks caused by ground-water withdrawal within a 10-km2 area southeast of Casa Grande, Arizona, are associated with relief on the buried interface between the alluvial aquifer and underlying bedrock. All of the fissure zones; which...
Incorporation of prior information on parameters into nonlinear regression groundwater flow models: 1. Theory
Richard L. Cooley
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 965-976
Prior information on the parameters of a groundwater flow model can be used to improve parameter estimates obtained from nonlinear regression solution of a modeling problem. Two scales of prior information can be available: (1) prior information having known reliability (that is, bias and random error structure) and (2) prior...
Carbonate porosity versus depth: A predictable relation for south Florida
J. W. Schmoker, R. B. Halley
1982, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (66) 2561-2570
This study examines the porosity of limestones and dolomites in the South Florida basin. Porosity data are derived from borehole-gravity measurements and from suites of acoustic, neutron, and density logs. Both types of wire-line measurements sample large volumes of rock relative to petrographic methods and can be examined at vertical...
Map reading tools for map libraries.
G.L. Greenberg
1982, Information Bulletin, Western Association of Map Libraries (13) 290-300
Engineers, navigators and military strategists employ a broad array of mechanical devices to facilitate map use. A larger number of map users such as educators, students, tourists, journalists, historians, politicians, economists and librarians are unaware of the available variety of tools which can be used with maps to increase the...
Fission-track evidence for Quaternary uplift of the Nanga Parbat region, Pakistan
P.K. Zeitler, N.M. Johnson, C. W. Naeser, R.A.K. Tahirkheli
1982, Nature (298) 255-257
The north-striking Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif protrudes into the northwestern Himalaya along the axis of a great syntaxis1,2 (Fig. 1), where the Hindu Kush, Karakorum, and Himalayan ranges converge. As the Indus Suture Zone3 enters this region from the east it bifurcates into two branches, encircling what may be a docked...
Estimation of earthquake source parameters by the inversion of waveform data: synthetic waveforms
S.A. Sipkin
1982, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (30) 242-259
Two methods are presented for the recovery of a time-dependent moment-tensor source from waveform data. One procedure utilizes multichannel signal-enhancement theory; in the other a multichannel vector-deconvolution approach, developed by Oldenburg (1982) and based on Backus-Gilbert inverse theory, is used. These methods have the advantage of being extremely flexible; both...
Low-temperature formation of hydrocarbon gases in San Francisco Bay sediment (California, U.S.A.)
T.M. Vogel, R.S. Oremland, K.A. Kvenvolden
1982, Chemical Geology (37) 289-298
To understand the processes responsible for the presence of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (C1-C4) in anoxic environments, we studied sediments collected from an anaerobic estuarine mudflat. In these sediments methane (C1) was several orders of magnitude more abundant than all other C2-C4 hydrocarbons; the C1 (C2 + C3) ratio was ??? 13,000....
A model for managing sources of groundwater pollution
Steven M. Gorelick
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 773-781
The waste disposal capacity of a groundwater system can be maximized while maintaining water quality at specified locations by using a groundwater pollutant source management model that is based upon linear programing and numerical simulation. The decision variables of the management model are solute waste disposal rates at various facilities...
Landsat monitoring of desert vegetation growth, 1972-1979 using a plant-shadowing model
Joseph Otterman, C.J. Robinove
1982, Advances in Space Research (2) 45-50
Landsat digital data spanning the period 1972-1979 were analyzed to monitor the status of vegetation within and outside an exclosure in the northern Sinai (precipitation 100-150 mm/year). This 6??6 km exclosure was fenced off in the summer of 1974 and subsequently has been free from the anthropogenic pressures (overgrazing, cultivation...
An improved method for the determination of trace levels of arsenic and antimony in geological materials by automated hydride generation–Atomic absorption spectroscopy
J.G. Crock, F.E. Lichte
1982, Analytica Chimica Acta (144) 223-233
An improved, automated method for the determination of arsenic and antimony in geological materials is described. After digestion of the material in sulfuric, nitric, hydrofluoric and perchloric acids, a hydrochloric acid solution of the sample is automatically mixed with reducing agents, acidified with additional hydrochloric acid, and treated with a...
Cretaceous biostratigraphy in the Wyoming thrust belt.
D. J. Nichols, S.R. Jacobson
1982, Mountain Geologist (19) 73-78
In the Cretaceous section of the thrust belt, fossils are especially useful for dating and correlating repetitive facies of different ages in structurally complex terrain. The biostratigraphic zonation for the region is based on megafossils (chiefly ammonites) , which permit accurate dating and correlation of outcrop sections, and which have...
Determination of lithium isotopes at natural abundance levels by atomic absorption spectrometry
A. L. Meier
1982, Analytical Chemistry (54) 2158-2161
The relationships of the absorption of 6Li and 7Li hollow cathode lamp emissions are used to determine lithium isotopic composition in the natural abundance range of geologic materials. Absorption was found to have a nonlinear dependence upon total lithium concentration and isotopic composition. A method using nonlinear equations to describe...
Introduction: seismology and earthquake engineering in Mexico and Central and South America.
A. F. Espinosa
1982, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (14) 4-6
The results from seismological studies that are used by the engineering community are just one of the benefits obtained from research aimed at mitigating the earthquake hazard. In this issue of Earthquake Information Bulletin current programs in seismology and earthquake engineering, seismic networks, future plans and some of the cooperative...
Leaching of radionuclides from uranium ore and mill tailings ( Ra- 226, Tn-230).
E. R. Landa
1982, Uranium (1) 53-63
The major part of the extractable uranium is associated with a readily acid-soluble fraction in both ore and tailings. The major part of the extractable 226Ra was associated with an iron, manganese hydrous-oxide fraction in the ore and tailings. Thorium-230 was the least leachable of the radionuclides studied. The major...
Frequencies of broken tails among Uta stansburiana in southern Nevada and a test of the predation hypothesis
F.B. Turner, P.A. Medica, R. I. Jennrich, B.G. Maza
1982, Copeia (1982) 835-840
No abstract available....
A population model of the lizard Uta stansburiana, in southern Nevada
Frederick B. Turner, Phil A. Medica, K. W. Bridges, R. I. Jennrich
1982, Ecological Monographs (52) 243-259
Population densities, reproduction, and survival of the lizard Uta stansburiana were measured at the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada, USA, between 1964 and 1974. These data were used to develop a model of the population dynamics of this species. Results of irrigation experiments in 0.4—ha enclosures near Mercury, Nevada,...
