An analysis of input errors in precipitation-runoff models using regression with errors in the independent variables
Brent M. Troutman
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 947-964
Errors in runoff prediction caused by input data errors are analyzed by treating precipitation-runoff models as regression (conditional expectation) models. Independent variables of the regression consist of precipitation and other input measurements; the dependent variable is runoff. In models using erroneous input data, prediction errors are inflated and estimates of...
Chemical and mineralogical analysis of devonian black-shale samples from Martin County, Kentucky; Carroll and Washington counties, Ohio; Wise County, Virginia; and Overton County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
J.S. Leventhal, J. W. Hosterman
1982, Chemical Geology (37) 239-264
Core samples of Devonian shales from five localities in the Appalachian basin have been analyzed chemically and mineralogically. The amounts of major elements are similar; however, the minor constituents, organic C, S, phosphate and carbonate show ten-fold variations in amounts. Trace elements Mo, Ni, Cu, V, Co, U, Zn, Hg,...
Stratigraphy, structure, absolute age, and paleontology of the upper Pleistocene deposits at Sankaty Head, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts
Robert N. Oldale, Page C. Valentine, T. M. Cronin, E.C. Spiker, B. W. Blackwelder, D. F. Belknap, J.F. Wehmiller, Barney J. Szabo
1982, Geology (10) 246-252
The Sankaty Head cliff exposes drift of at least two glaciations and interglacial marine deposits. Radiocarbon, amino-acid- racemization, and uranium-thorium analyses were used to determine the absolute ages of the beds. The results indicate that 1) the Sankaty Sand correlates with oxygen-isotope stage 5 (Sangamonian), 2) the underlying drift is...
Biostratigraphy and structural setting of the Permian Coyote Butte Formation of central Oregon
B. R. Wardlaw, M.K. Nestell, J.T. Dutro Jr.
1982, Geology (10) 13-16
Larger isolated outcrops of the limestones of the Coyote Butte Formation consistently contain younger over older faunas that range through most of the Leonardian Series of the Early Permian. The outcrops of the Coyote Butte Formation are interpreted as right-side up blocks probably...
Stability of βMnOOH and manganese oxide deposition from springwater
J.D. Hem, C. E. Roberson, Reba B. Fournier
1982, Water Resources Research (18) 563-570
Beta MnOOH is precipitated preferentially (with respect to Mn3O4) at temperatures near O°C when Mn2+ is oxidized in aerated aqueous solutions. Upon aging in solutions open to the atmosphere a slurry of βMnOOH tends to disproportionate to form MnO2 and Mn2+. In such aged solutions, Mn2+ and H+ activities can be constant, and both...
Three FORTRAN programs for finite-difference solutions to binary diffusion in one and two phases with composition-and time-dependent diffusion coefficients
R.F. Sanford
1982, Computers & Geosciences (8) 235-263
Geological examples of binary diffusion are numerous. They are potential indicators of the duration and rates of geological processes. Analytical solutions to the diffusion equations generally do not allow for variable diffusion coefficients, changing boundary conditions, and impingement of diffusion fields. The three programs presented here are based on Crank-Nicholson...
Mineral composition of small-grain cultivars from a uniform test plot in South Dakota
J. A. Erdman, R.C. Moul
1982, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (30) 169-174
Seventy-five cultivated varieties (cultivars) of hard red spring wheat (HRS), hard red winter wheat (HRW), durum wheat, oats, and barley were harvested in 1974 from a small-grain trial plot in Harding County, SD, just north of Buffalo. Analysis of the grains reported here includes crude protein for only the wheat...
Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds
D. B. Smith, R. A. Zielinski, W.I. Rose Jr., B.J. Huebert
1982, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans (87) 4963-4972
In February and March of 1978, filter samplers mounted on an aircraft were used to collect the aerosol fraction of the eruption clouds from three active Guatemalan volcanoes (Fuego, Pacaya, and Santiaguito). The samples were collected on Teflon (Fluoropore) filters with a nominal pore diameter of 0.5μm. The mass of...
Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of Miocene- Pliocene hemipelagic limestone: Kingshill Seaway, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands.
B. H. Lidz
1982, Journal of Foraminiferal Research (12) 205-233
The Kingshill Limestone and younger carbonate rocks constitute the central portion of St. Croix, forming the remains of an ancient seaway that was flanked by emergent highlands. The seaway has been filled with thick epipelagic sediments alternating with carbonate turbidites and ash falls and capped with shallow-water reefal and terrigenous...
Late Eocene- Oligocene magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy at South Atlantic DSDP site 522
R.Z. Poore, L. Tauxe, S.F. Percival Jr., John L. LaBrecque
1982, Geology (10) 508-511
Upper Eocene to lowest Miocene sediments recovered at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 522 in the South Atlantic Ocean allow direct calibration of magnetostratigraphy and calcareous plankton biostratigraphy. The results from Site 522 show that the Eocene/Oligocene boundary occurs in the reversed...
A rapid method for concentrating sedimentary organic matter for vitrinite reflectance analysis
C.E. Barker
1982, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (52) 663-664
The tecnique discussed in this paper utilizes crushing, high-speed blending, and ultrasonic treatment to mechanically disaggregate rock and release the sedimentary organic matter (OM) in a suitable heavy liquid. This new method can provide freeze-dried concentrated OM in approximately 8 to 24 hours (longer time is necessary for removing carbonate)....
An equation correlating the solubility of quartz in water from 25° to 900°C at pressures up to 10,000 bars
Robert O. Fournier, Robert W. Potter II
1982, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (46) 1969-1973
The solubility of quartz in water from 25° to 900°C at specific volume of the solvent ranging from about 1 to 10 and from 300° to 600°C at specific volume of the solvent ranging from about 10 to 100 is given by an empirically derived equation of the form: log m = A + B(log V)...
Geometry of a mapping satellite.
J.P. Snyder
1982, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (48) 1593-1602
The proposed mapping satellite Mapsat is to consist of fixed fore, vertical, and aft linear detector arrays, any two of which may be used simultaneously to obtain digital images for one- dimensional stereo correlation. The satellite attitude may be varied according to Fourier series to enable a given detector on...
The 1982 eruption of El Chichon volcano, southeastern Mexico
R.I. Tilling
Henry Spall, editor(s)
1982, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (14) 164-172
Late in the evening on March 28, El Chichon roared into life with a tremendous explosion that sent a column of ash and gases 10 miles high within an hour. There were no immediate warning signals of the eruption of El Chichon, although increased earthquake activity had been noted for...
Stratigraphic reference section for Georges Bank Basin - Depositional model for New England passive margin.
C. Wylie Poag
1982, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (66) 1021-1041
A multichannel seismic reflection profile (U.S. Geological Survey line 19), calibrated with the COST G-1, COST G-2, and Shell Mohican I-100 wells, and seismic-sequence analysis shows that the chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units and depositional history of the Georges Bank basin are similar to those of the Scotian basin. Carbonate rocks...
U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Program
T.J. Buchanan, B.K. Gilbert
1982, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (108) 37-45
The U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water Resource Program is a partnership between the Geological Survey and State and local agencies for the collection of the hydrologic information needed for the continuing determination and evaluation of the quantity, quality, and use of the Nation's water resources. The first Cooperative Program...
Notes. Characterization of plutonium in ground water near the idaho chemical processing plant
Jess M. Cleveland, Terry F. Rees
1982, Environmental Science and Technology (16) 437-439
Plutonium is present in very low concentrations in ground water near the disposal well at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant but was not detected in waters at greater distances. Because of the absence of strong complexing agents, the plutonium is present as an uncomplexed (perhaps hydrolyzed) tetravalent species, which is...
Exotic terranes of western California
M.O. McWilliams, D. G. Howell
1982, Nature (297) 215-217
Numerous distinct geological terranes compose the North American Cordillera1; there may be as many as 50 terranes in California alone2. Critical to deciphering the history of Cordilleran tectonic assembly is an understanding of the displacement history of individual terranes. It is therefore important to know: (1) whether a terrane has...
Geothermal systems of the Cascade Range
L.J. Muffler, Charles R. Bacon, W. A. Duffield
1982, Conference Paper, Proceedings of Pacific Geothermal Conference 1982
In the central and southern Cascade Range, plate convergence is oblique, and Quaternary volcanism produces mostly basalt and mafic andesite; large andesite-dacite composite volcanoes and silicic dome fields occur in restricted areas of long-lived igneous activity. To the north, plate convergence is normal, producing widely spaced centers in which mafic...
Removing tidal-period variations from time-series data using low-pass digital filters
Roy A. Walters, Cynthia Heston
1982, Journal of Physical Oceanography (12) 112-115
Several low-pass, digital filters are examined for their ability to remove tidal Period Variations from a time-series of water surface elevation for San Francisco Bay. The most efficient filter is the one which is applied to the Fourier coefficients of the transformed data, and the filtered data recovered through an...
Hydrology of the surficial aquifer in the Floyd River Basin, Iowa
K.D. Wahl, M.J. Meyer, R.A. Karsten
1982, Water Supply Bulletin 12
The Floyd River basin was studied to provide water-resources Information for a typical surficial aquifer in northwest Iowa. Data collection included test drilling, water-level measurements, and chemical analyses of surface and ground water. The Floyd River basin drains 961 square miles of highly dissected to gently rolling topography. Major streams generally...
Modeling of tidal and residual circulation in San Francisco Bay, California
R. T. Cheng
1982, Conference Paper, Proceedings, Seminar on 2-D Flows
Several numerical models have been developed and implemented to simulate tidal and residual circulation in San Francisco Bay. Because of a broad distribution in time scales, hydrodynamic models must be formulated to account for the proper time and spatial scales which dominate the transport processes. A complete current survey of...
Population and status of Emperor Geese along the north side of the Alaska Peninsula
Margaret R. Petersen, Robert E. Gill Jr.
1982, Wildfowl (33) 31-38
We gathered information on the timing of spring and autumn migration of Emperor Geese Anser canagicus from Nelson Lagoon, the age ratios of geese during autumn migration, and the numbers of geese in estuaries along the north side of the Alaska Peninsula and Bristol Bay during spring and autumn migration....
Acid rain, air pollution, and tree growth in southeastern New York
L.J. Puckett
1982, Journal of Environmental Quality (11) 376-381
Whether dendroecological analyses could be used to detect changes in the relationship of tree growth to climate that might have resulted from chronic exposure to components of the acid rain-air pollution complex was determined. Tree-ring indices of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Cart.), pitch pine...
Volatilization of organic compounds from streams
Ronald E. Rathburn, D. Y. Tai
1982, Journal of Environmental Engineering (108) 973-989
Mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene and propane were correlated with the hydraulic and geometric properties of seven streams, and predictive equations were developed. The equations were evaluated using a normalized root-mean-square error as the criterion of comparison. The two best equations were a two-variable equation containing the energy...
