Bounded fractional diffusion in geological media: Definition and Lagrangian approximation
Yong Zhang, Christopher T. Green, Eric M. LaBolle, Roseanna M. Neupauer, Hong-Guang Sun
2016, Water Resources Research (52) 8561-8577
Spatiotemporal Fractional-Derivative Models (FDMs) have been increasingly used to simulate non-Fickian diffusion, but methods have not been available to define boundary conditions for FDMs in bounded domains. This study defines boundary conditions and then develops a Lagrangian solver to approximate bounded, one-dimensional fractional diffusion. Both the zero-value and non-zero-value Dirichlet,...
Acid rain and its environmental effects: Recent scientific advances
Douglas A. Burns, Julian Aherne, David A. Gay, Christopher M.B. Lehmann
2016, Atmospheric Environment (146) 1-4
The term ‘acid rain’ refers to atmospheric deposition of acidic constituents that impact the earth as rain, snow, particulates, gases, and vapor. Acid rain was first recognized by Ducros (1845) and subsequently described by the English chemist Robert Angus Smith (Smith, 1852) whose pioneering studies linked the sources to industrial...
A dynamic leaf gas-exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO2: evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO2 enrichment studies
Steven L. Voelker, J. Renee Brooks, Frederick C. Meinzer, Rebecca Anderson, Martin K.-F. Bader, Giovanna Battipaglia, Katie M. Becklin, David Beerling, Didier Bert, Julio L. Betancourt, Todd E. Dawson, Jean-Christophe Domec, Richard P. Guyette, Christian Korner, Steven W. Leavitt, Sune Linder, John D. Marshall, Manuel Mildner, Jerome Ogee, Irina P. Panyushkina, Heather J. Plumpton, Kurt S. Pregitzer, Matthias Saurer, Andrew R. Smith, Rolf T.W. Siegwolf, Michael C. Stambaugh, Alan F. Talhelm, Jacques C. Tardif, Peter K. Van De Water, Joy K. Ward, Lisa Wingate
2016, Global Change Biology (22) 889-902
Rising atmospheric [CO2], ca, is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas-exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas-exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO2],...
Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)
Juris Meija, Tyler B. Coplen, Michael Berglund, Willi A. Brand, Paul De Bievre, Manfred Gröning, Norman E. Holden, Johanna Irrgeher, Robert D. Loss, Thomas Walczyk, Thomas Prohaska
2016, Pure and Applied Chemistry (88) 265-291
The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 19 elements. The standard atomic weights of four elements have been revised based on recent determinations of isotopic abundances in natural terrestrial materials:cadmium to 112.414(4) from 112.411(8),molybdenum to 95.95(1)...
Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA
Christopher B. DuRoss, Stephen F. Personius, Anthony J. Crone, Susan S. Olig, Michael D. Hylland, William R. Lund, David P. Schwartz
2016, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (121) 1131-1157
The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and...
Light Goose Conservation Order effects on nontarget waterfowl behavior and energy expenditure
Andrew J. Dinges, Elisabeth B. Webb, Mark P. Vrtiska
2016, Wildlife Society Bulletin (40) 694-704
When the Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was established during 1999 in the Rainwater Basin of Nebraska, USA, LGCO activities were limited to 4 days/week and 16 public wetlands were closed to the LGCO to limit disturbance to nontarget waterfowl during this energetically important time period. However, the effects of...
Introduction to the special issue on the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha(Nepal) earthquake
Gavin P. Hayes, Richard W. Briggs
2016, Tectonophysics (714-715) 1-3
On April 25, 2015, a moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 earthquake struck central Nepal, breaking a section of the broader Himalayan Front that had been largely quiescent in moderate-to-large earthquakes for much of the modern seismological era. Ground shaking associated with the event resulted in a broad distribution of triggered...
Exploiting differential vegetation phenology for satellite-based mapping of semiarid grass vegetation in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico
Dennis G. Dye, Barry R. Middleton, John M. Vogel, Zhuoting Wu, Miguel G. Velasco
2016, Remote Sensing (8) 1-33
We developed and evaluated a methodology for subpixel discrimination and large-area mapping of the perennial warm-season (C4) grass component of vegetation cover in mixed-composition landscapes of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. We describe the methodology within a general, conceptual framework that we identify as the differential vegetation phenology...
Characterization of sediment and measurement of groundwater levels and temperatures, Camas National Wildlife Refuge, eastern Idaho
Brian V. Twining, Gordon W. Rattray
2016, Data Series 1024
The Camas National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) in eastern Idaho, established in 1937, contains wetlands, ponds, and wet meadows that are essential resting and feeding habitat for migratory birds and nesting habitat for waterfowl. Initially, natural sources of water supported these habitats. However, during the past few decades, climate change...
The automated reference toolset: A soil-geomorphic ecological potential matching algorithm
Travis W. Nauman, Michael C. Duniway
2016, Soil Science Society of America Journal (80) 1317-1328
Ecological inventory and monitoring data need referential context for interpretation. Identification of appropriate reference areas of similar ecological potential for site comparison is demonstrated using a newly developed automated reference toolset (ART). Foundational to identification of reference areas was a soil map of particle size in the control section (PSCS),...
Carbon dioxide fluxes reflect plant zonation and belowground biomass in a coastal marsh
Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Omar I. Abdul-Aziz, Jianwu Tang, Khandker S. Ishtiaq, Kate Morkeski, Jordan Mora, Ryan K. Quinn, Rose M. Martin, Katharine Egan, Elizabeth Q. Brannon, Joanna C. Carey, Kevin D. Kroeger
2016, Ecosphere (7) 1-21
Coastal wetlands are major global carbon sinks; however, they are heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems. To characterize spatial and temporal variability in a New England salt marsh, greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were compared among major plant‐defined zones during growing seasons. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were compared in two...
Determination of eruption temperature of Io's lavas using lava tube skylights
Ashley G. Davies, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Alfred S. McEwen
2016, Icarus (278) 266-278
Determining the eruption temperature of Io's dominant silicate lavas would constrain Io's present interior state and composition. We have examined how eruption temperature can be estimated at lava tube skylights through synthesis of thermal emission from the incandescent lava flowing within the lava tube. Lava tube skylights should be present...
Continuity of the West Napa–Franklin fault zone inferred from guided waves generated by earthquakes following the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa Earthquake
Rufus D. Catchings, Mark R. Goldman, Y.-G. Li, Joanne H. Chan
2016, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (106) 2721-2746
We measure peak ground velocities from fault‐zone guided waves (FZGWs), generated by on‐fault earthquakes associated with the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake. The data were recorded on three arrays deployed across north and south of the 2014 surface rupture. The observed FZGWs indicate that the West Napa fault zone...
A cellular automata downscaling based 1 km global land use datasets (2010–2100)
Xuecao Li, Le Yu, Terry L. Sohl, Nicholas Clinton, Wenyu Li, Zhiliang Zhu, Xiaoping Liu, Peng Gong
2016, Science Bulletin (61) 1651-1661
Global climate and environmental change studies require detailed land-use and land-cover(LULC) information about the past, present, and future. In this paper, we discuss a methodology for downscaling coarse-resolution (i.e., half-degree) future land use scenarios to finer (i.e., 1 km) resolutions at the global scale using a grid-based spatially explicit cellular automata (CA)...
Linking silicate weathering to riverine geochemistry—A case study from a mountainous tropical setting in west-central Panama
Russell S. Harmon, Gerhard Wörner, Steven T. Goldsmith, Brendan A. Harmon, Christopher B. Gardner, W. Berry Lyons, Fred L. Ogden, Michael J. Pribil, David T. Long, Zoltán Kern, István Fórizs
2016, GSA Bulletin (128) 1780-1812
Chemical analyses from 71 watersheds across an ∼450 km transect in west-central Panama provide insight into controls on weathering and rates of chemical denudation and CO2 consumption across an igneous arc terrain in the tropics. Stream and river compositions across this region of Panama are generally dilute, having a total dissolved...
Active faulting on the Wallula fault zone within the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, Washington State, USA
Brian L. Sherrod, Richard J. Blakely, John P. Lasher, Andrew P. Lamb, Shannon A. Mahan, Franklin F. Foit, Elizabeth Barnett
2016, GSA Bulletin (128) 1636-1659
The Wallula fault zone is an integral feature of the Olympic-Wallowa lineament, an ∼500-km-long topographic lineament oblique to the Cascadia plate boundary, extending from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Walla Walla, Washington. The structure and past earthquake activity of the Wallula fault zone are important because of nearby infrastructure, and...
Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers – Theory, evaluation, and results from 14 stations on five rivers
David J. Topping, Scott Wright, Ronald E. Griffiths, David J. Dean
2016, Conference Paper, River Flow 2016, Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics
We have developed a physically based method for using two acoustic frequencies to measure suspended-silt-and-clay concentration, suspended-sand concentration, and suspended-sand median grain size in river cross sections at 15-minute intervals over decadal timescales. The method is strongly grounded in the extensive scientific literature on the scattering of sound by...
Chewing lice of swan geese (Anser cygnoides): New host-parasite associations
Chang-Yong Choi, John Y. Takekawa, Diann J. Prosser, Lacy M. Smith, Craig R. Ely, Anthony D. Fox, Lei Cao, Xin Wang, Nyambaya Batbayar, Tseveenmayadag Natsagdorj, Xiangming Xiao
2016, The Korean Journal of Parasitology (54) 685-691
Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice...
Application of decision science to resilience management in Jamaica Bay
Mitchell J. Eaton, Angela K. Fuller, Fred A. Johnson, M. P. Hare, Richard C. Stedman
E.W. Sanderson, W. D. Solecki, J.R. Waldman, A. S. Paris, editor(s)
2016, Book chapter, Prospects for resilience: Insights from New York City's Jamaica Bay
This book highlights the growing interest in management interventions designed to enhance the resilience of the Jamaica Bay socio-ecological system. Effective management, whether the focus is on managing biological processes or human behavior or (most likely) both, requires decision makers to anticipate how the managed system will respond to...
Karst
C.J. Taylor, D.H. Doctor
Vijay P. Singh, editor(s)
2016, Book chapter
Karst areas present unique hydrologic and hydrogeological characteristics that are often challenging to investigate. These characteristics are largely dependent on the extent of development of solution conduits within the underlying bedrock, and the resulting integration of surface and subsurface drainage components into a karst aquifer system. The investigation and characterization of karst aquifers typically require...
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Source of cooperation or contention?
Meron Teferi Taye, Tsegaye Tadesse, Gabriel B. Senay, Paul Block
2016, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (142) 1-5
This paper discusses the challenges and benefits of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is under construction and expected to be operational on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia in a few years. Like many large-scale projects on transboundary rivers, the GERD has been criticized for potentially jeopardizing downstream...
Scale-dependent seasonal pool habitat use by sympatric Wild Brook Trout and Brown Trout populations
Lori A. Davis, Tyler Wagner
2016, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (145) 888-902
Sympatric populations of native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and naturalized Brown Trout Salmo truttaexist throughout the eastern USA. An understanding of habitat use by sympatric populations is of importance for fisheries management agencies because of the close association between habitat and population dynamics. Moreover, habitat use by stream-dwelling salmonids may...
Review of footnotes and annotations to the 1949–2013 tables of standard atomic weights and tables of isotopic compositions of the elements (IUPAC Technical Report)
Tyler B. Coplen, Norman E. Holden
2016, Pure and Applied Chemistry (88) 689-699
The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights uses annotations given in footnotes that are an integral part of the Tables of Standard Atomic Weights to alert users to the possibilities of quite extraordinary occurrences, as well as sources with abnormal atomic-weight values outside an otherwise acceptable range. The basic...
Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests
Jingjing Liang, Thomas W. Crowther, Nicolas Picard, Susan Wiser, Mo Zhou, Giorgio Alberti, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Anthony D. McGuire, et al.
2016, Science (354)
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity has been explored in detail in herbaceous vegetation, but patterns in forests are far less well understood. Liang et al. have amassed a global forest data set from >770,000 sample plots in 44 countries. A positive and consistent relationship can be discerned between...
Climate-change signals in national atmospheric deposition program precipitation data
Gregory A. Wetherbee, M. Alisa Mast
2016, Climate Dynamics (47) 3141-3155
National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network precipitation type, snow-season duration, and annual timing of selected chemical wet-deposition maxima vary with latitude and longitude within a 35-year (1979–2013) data record for the contiguous United States and Alaska. From the NADP data collected within the region bounded by 35.6645°–48.782° north latitude...
