Estimation of land surface evapotranspiration with A satellite remote sensing procedure
A. Irmak, I. Ratcliffe, P. Ranade, K.G. Hubbard, Ramesh K. Singh, B. Kamble, J. Kjaersgaard
2011, Great Plains Research (21) 73-88
There are various methods available for estimating magnitude and trends of evapotranspiration. Bowen ratio energy balance system and eddy correlation techniques offer powerful alternatives for measuring land surface evapotranspiration. In spite of the elegance, high accuracy, and theoretical attractions of these techniques for measuring evapotranspiration, their practical use over large...
Effects of reduction in porosity and permeability with depth on storage capacity and injectivity in deep saline aquifers: A case study from the Mount Simon Sandstone aquifer
C.R. Medina, J.A. Rupp, D.A. Barnes
2011, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (5) 146-156
The Upper Cambrian Mount Simon Sandstone is recognized as a deep saline reservoir that has significant potential for geological sequestration in the Midwestern region of the United States. Porosity and permeability values collected from core analyses in rocks from this formation and its lateral equivalents in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and...
Informal and formal trail monitoring protocols and baseline conditions: Acadia National Park
Jeffrey L. Marion, Jeremy F. Wimpey, L. Park
2011, Report
At Acadia National Park, changing visitor use levels and patterns have contributed to an increasing degree of visitor use impacts to natural and cultural resources. To better understand the extent and severity of these resource impacts and identify effective management techniques, the park sponsored this research to develop monitoring protocols,...
An Analysis of the Published Mineral Resource Estimates of the Haji-Gak Iron Deposit, Afghanistan
David M. Sutphin, Karine Renaud, Lawrence J. Drew
2011, Natural Resources Research (20) 329-353
The Haji-Gak iron deposit of eastern Bamyan Province, eastern Afghanistan, was studied extensively and resource calculations were made in the 1960s by Afghan and Russian geologists. Recalculation of the resource estimates verifies the original estimates for categories A (in-place resources known in detail), B (in-place resources known in moderate detail),...
New insights of tsunami hazard from the 2011 Tohoku-oki event
K. Goto, C. Chague-Goff, S. Fujino, J. Goff, Bruce Jaffe, Y. Nishimura, Bruce M. Richmond, D. Sugawara, Witold Szczucinski, D.R. Tappin, Robert C. Witter, E. Yulianto
2011, Marine Geology (290) 46-50
We report initial results from our recent field survey documenting the inundation and resultant deposits of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami from Sendai Plain, Japan. The tsunami inundated up to 4.5 km inland but the > 0.5 cm-thick sand deposit extended only 2.8 km (62% of the inundation distance). The deposit however continued as a...
Derivation of S and Pb in phanerozoic intrusion-related metal deposits from neoproterozoic sedimentary pyrite, Great Basin, United States
Peter G. Vikre, S.R. Poulson, Alan E. Koenig
2011, Economic Geology (106) 883-912
The thick (≤8 km), regionally extensive section of Neoproterozoic siliciclastic strata (terrigenous detrital succession, TDS) in the central and eastern Great Basin contains sedimentary pyrite characterized by mostly high δ34S values (−11.6 to 40.8‰, >70% exceed 10‰; 51 analyses) derived from reduction of seawater sulfate, and by markedly radiogenic Pb isotopes...
Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack ice for a female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat
George M. Durner, J.P. Whiteman, H.J. Harlow, Steven C. Amstrup, E.V. Regehr, M. Ben-David
2011, Polar Biology (34) 975-984
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) prefer to live on Arctic sea ice but may swim between ice floes or between sea ice and land. Although anecdotal observations suggest that polar bears are capable of swimming long distances, no data have been available to describe in detail long distance swimming...
Relationships among rotational and conventional grazing systems, stream channels, and macroinvertebrates
K.L. Raymond, B. Vondracek
2011, Hydrobiologia (669) 105-117
Cattle grazing in riparian areas can reduce water quality, alter stream channel characteristics, and alter fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage structure. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Services has recommended Rotational Grazing (RG) as an alternative management method on livestock and dairy operations to protect riparian areas and water...
Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem
J. A. O'Donnell, Jennifer W. Harden, A. David McGuire, V.E. Romanovsky
2011, Biogeosciences (8) 1367-1382
In the boreal region, soil organic carbon (OC) dynamics are strongly governed by the interaction between wildfire and permafrost. Using a combination of field measurements, numerical modeling of soil thermal dynamics, and mass-balance modeling of OC dynamics, we tested the sensitivity of soil OC storage to a suite of individual...
Nonlinear site response in medium magnitude earthquakes near Parkfield, California
Justin L. Rubinstein
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 275-286
Careful analysis of strong-motion recordings of 13 medium magnitude earthquakes (3.7 ≤ M ≤ 6.5) in the Parkfield, California, area shows that very modest levels of shaking (approximately 3.5% of the acceleration of gravity) can produce observable changes in site response. Specifically, I observe a drop and subsequent recovery of...
Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results
J.O. Pope, M. Collins, A.M. Haywood, Harry J. Dowsett, S.J. Hunter, D.J. Lunt, S.J. Pickering, M.J. Pound
2011, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (309) 128-140
Examination of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; ~ 3.3 to 3.0 Ma BP) provides an excellent opportunity to test the ability of climate models to reproduce warm climate states, thereby assessing our confidence in model predictions. To do this it is necessary to relate the uncertainty in model simulations of mPWP...
Gently dipping normal faults identified with Space Shuttle radar topography data in central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and some implications for fault mechanics
J.E. Spencer
2011, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (308) 267-276
Space-shuttle radar topography data from central Sulawesi, Indonesia, reveal two corrugated, domal landforms, covering hundreds to thousands of square kilometers, that are bounded to the north by an abrupt transition to typical hilly to mountainous topography. These domal landforms are readily interpreted as metamorphic core complexes, an interpretation consistent with a...
Dust: Small-scale processes with global consequences
G. S. Okin, J. E. Bullard, Richard L. Reynolds, J. #NAME? Ballantine, K. Schepanski, M. C. Todd, Jayne Belnap, M. C. Baddock, T. E. Gill, M. E. Miller
2011, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (92) 241-242
Desert dust, both modern and ancient, is a critical component of the Earth system. Atmospheric dust has important effects on climate by changing the atmospheric radiation budget, while deposited dust influences biogeochemical cycles in the oceans and on land. Dust deposited on snow and ice decreases its albedo, allowing more...
Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer
S. Toda, R.S. Stein, J. Lin
2011, Geophysical Research Letters (38)
We report on a broad and unprecedented increase in seismicity rate following the M=9.0 Tohoku mainshock for M ≥ 2 earthquakes over inland Japan, parts of the Japan Sea and Izu islands, at distances of up to 425 km from the locus of high (≥15 m) seismic slip on the...
Complex mean circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard revealed by observations and a high-resolution model
Neil K. Ganju, Steven J. Lentz, Anthony R. Kirincich, J. Thomas Farrar
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (116)
Inner-shelf circulation is governed by the interaction between tides, baroclinic forcing, winds, waves, and frictional losses; the mean circulation ultimately governs exchange between the coast and ocean. In some cases, oscillatory tidal currents interact with bathymetric features to generate a tidally rectified flow. Recent observational and modeling efforts in an...
Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient
Steven S. Perakis, Emily R. Sinkhorn
2011, Ecology (92) 1481-1491
Wide natural gradients of soil nitrogen (N) can be used to examine fundamental relationships between plant–soil–microbial N cycling and hydrologic N loss, and to test N-saturation theory as a general framework for understanding ecosystem N dynamics. We characterized plant production, N uptake and return in litterfall, soil gross and net...
The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models
Thomas Reimann, C. Rehrl, W.B. Shoemaker, T. Geyer, S. Birk
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
Karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features caused from rock dissolution processes. Flow within these structures can become turbulent and therefore can be expressed by nonlinear gradient functions. One way to account for these effects is by coupling a continuum model with a conduit network. Alternatively, turbulent flow can be considered...
Perceptions of strengths and deficiencies: Disconnects between graduate students and prospective employers
M.D. Sundberg, P. Deangelis, K. Havens, K. Holsinger, K. Kennedy, A.T. Kramer, R. Muir, Peggy Olwell, K. Schierenbeck, L. Stritch, B. Zorn-Arnold
2011, BioScience (61) 133-138
The US Botanical Capacity Assessment Project (BCAP) was initiated as a first step to gauge the nation's collective ability to meet the environmental challenges of the 21st century. The project, in which the authors of this article are involved, specifically aimed to identify multisector contributions to and gaps in botanical...
Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways
Kyle Wickings, A. Stuart Grandy, Sasha Reed, Cory Cleveland
2011, Biogeochemistry (104) 365-379
Current conceptual models predict that changes in plant litter chemistry during decomposition are primarily regulated by both initial litter chemistry and the stage-or extent-of mass loss. Far less is known about how variations in decomposer community structure (e.g., resulting from different ecosystem management types) could influence litter chemistry during decomposition....
Data sharing by scientists: Practices and perceptions
Carol Tenopir, Suzie Allard, K. Douglass, Arsev Umur Aydinoglu, Lei Wu, Eleanor Read, Maribeth Manoff, Mike Frame
2011, PLoS ONE (6) 1-21
BackgroundScientific research in the 21st century is more data intensive and collaborative than in the past. It is important to study the data practices of researchers – data accessibility, discovery, re-use, preservation and, particularly, data sharing. Data sharing is a valuable part of the scientific method allowing...
Method for detecting moment connection fracture using high-frequency transients in recorded accelerations
J.E. Rodgers, Mehmet Celebi
2011, Journal of Constructional Steel Research (67) 293-307
The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused brittle fractures in steel moment frame building connections, despite causing little visible building damage in most cases. Future strong earthquakes are likely to cause similar damage to the many un-retrofitted pre-Northridge buildings in the western US and elsewhere. Without obvious permanent building deformation, costly intrusive...
Making United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS) inclusive of marine biological resources
H. Moustahfid, J. Potemra, P. Goldstein, R. Mendelssohn, A. Desrochers
2011, Conference Paper, OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book
An important Data Management and Communication (DMAC) goal is to enable a multi-disciplinary view of the ocean environment by facilitating discovery and integration of data from various sources, projects and scientific domains. United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS) DMAC functional requirements are based upon guidelines for standardized data...
Use of habitats by female mallards wintering in Southwestern Louisiana
Paul T. Link, A. D. Afton, R. R. Cox Jr., B.E. Davis
2011, Waterbirds (34) 429-438
Habitat use by wintering Mallards (Anas platyrhychos) on the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain (GCCP) has received little study and quantitative data is needed for management of GCCP waterfowl. Radio-telemetry techniques were used to record habitats used by 135 female Mallards during winters 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 in south-western Louisiana. Habitat use...
Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance
D.B. George, C.T. Webb, Matthew L. Farnsworth, T. J. O'Shea, R. A. Bowen, D.L. Smith, T.R. Stanley, L.E. Ellison, C. E. Rupprecht
2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (108) 10208-10213
Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic...
Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation
R. W. Saltus, E. L. Miller, C. Gaina, P. J. Brown
2011, Geological Society Memoir (35) 49-60
We identify and discuss 57 magnetic anomaly pattern domains spanning the Circum-Arctic. The domains are based on analysis of a new Circum-Arctic data compilation. The magnetic anomaly patterns can be broadly related to general geodynamic classification of the crust into stable, deformed (magnetic and nonmagnetic), deep magnetic high, oceanic and...
