U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling
Linda J. Jacobsen, Pierre D. Glynn, Geoff A. Phelps, Randall C. Orndorff, Gerald W. Bawden, V. J. S. Grauch
2011, Book chapter, Chapter 13 in <i>Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations</i>
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a multidisciplinary agency that provides assessments of natural resources (geological, hydrological, biological), the disturbances that affect those resources, and the disturbances that affect the built environment, natural landscapes, and human society. Until now, USGS map products have been generated and distributed primarily as 2-D...
And last comes XYZ
Bill Langer
2011, Aggregates Manager (16) 52-52
Catesian Coordinates can be used to specify the position of any point in three-dimensional space by measuring its distances from three mutually perpendicular planes....
Adaption of egg and larvae sampling techniques for lake sturgeon and broadcast spawning fishes in a deep river
Edward F. Roseman, James Boase, Gregory W. Kennedy, Jaquelyn M. Craig, Karen Soper
2011, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (27) 89-92
In this report we describe how we adapted two techniques for sampling lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and other fish early life history stages to meet our research needs in the Detroit River, a deep, flowing Great Lakes connecting channel. First, we developed a buoy‐less method for sampling fish eggs and...
Soil carbon distribution in Alaska in relation to soil-forming factors
K.D. Johnson, J. Harden, A. D. McGuire, N.B. Bliss, James G. Bockheim, M.R. Clark, T. Nettleton-Hollingsworth, M.T. Jorgenson, E.S. Kane, M. Mack, J. O'Donnell, C.-L. Ping, E.A.G. Schuur, M.R. Turetsky, D.W. Valentine
2011, Geoderma (167-168) 71-84
The direction and magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes in response to climate change remain unclear and depend on the spatial distribution of SOC across landscapes. Uncertainties regarding the fate of SOC are greater in high-latitude systems where data are sparse and the soils are affected by sub-zero temperatures....
Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, USA
Andrew H. Manning
2011, Hydrogeology Journal (19) 379-397
Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) and radiocarbon ages were determined for 43 groundwater samples collected in the eastern Española Basin, New Mexico (USA), to identify mountain-block recharge in waters <10 thousand years (ka) old and to evaluate possible changes in mountain-block recharge over the past ∼35 ka. For Holocene samples from...
Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images
Russell P. Rykhus, Zhong Lu
2011, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk (2) 15-32
Twenty-five C-band Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired from the summer of 2002 to the summer of 2005 are used to map a 2003 boreal wildfire (B346) in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska under conditions of near-persistent cloud cover. Our analysis is primarily based on the 15...
Quantification of a male sea lamprey pheromone in tributaries of Laurentian Great Lakes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
X. Xi, N.S. Johnson, C.O. Brant, S.-S. Yun, K.L. Chambers, A.D. Jones, W. Li
2011, Environmental Science & Technology (45) 6437-6443
We developed an assay for measuring 7α,12α,24-trihydroxy-5a-cholan-3-one-24-sulfate (3kPZS), a mating pheromone released by male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), at low picomolar concentrations in natural waters to assess the presence of invasive populations. 3kPZS was extracted from streamwater at a rate of recovery up to 90% using a single cation-exchange and...
Relationships between breeding status, social -congregation attendance, and foraging distance of Xantus's Murrelets
C.D. Hamilton, R.T. Golightly, John Y. Takekawa
2011, Condor (113) 140-149
At night during the breeding season, Xantus's Murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) congregate on the water adjacent to nesting colonies. We examined relationships of attendance at these nocturnal congregations, breeding status, and daytime foraging locations of radio-marked Xantus's Murrelets from Anacapa Island (33 in 2002, 44 in 2003) and Santa Barbara Island...
Spatial connectivity in a highly heterogeneous aquifer: From cores to preferential flow paths
M. Bianchi, C. Zheng, C. Wilson, G.R. Tick, Gaisheng Liu, S.M. Gorelick
2011, Water Resources Research (47)
This study investigates connectivity in a small portion of the extremely heterogeneous aquifer at the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, Mississippi. A total of 19 fully penetrating soil cores were collected from a rectangular grid of 4 m by 4 m. Detailed grain size analysis was performed on 5...
Sulfur geochemistry and microbial sulfate reduction during low-temperature alteration of uplifted lower oceanic crust: Insights from ODP Hole 735B
Susan E. Alford, Jeffrey C. Alt, Wayne C. Shanks III
2011, Chemical Geology (286) 185-195
Sulfide petrography plus whole rock contents and isotope ratios of sulfur were measured in a 1.5 km section of oceanic gabbros in order to understand the geochemistry of sulfur cycling during low-temperature seawater alteration of the lower oceanic crust, and to test whether microbial effects may be present. Most samples...
Geologic framework influences on the geomorphology of an anthropogenically modified barrier island: Assessment of dune/beach changes at Fire Island, New York
Erika E. Lentz, Cheryl Hapke
2011, Geomorphology (126) 82-96
Antecedent geology plays a crucial role in determining the inner-shelf, nearshore, and onshore geomorphology observed in coastal systems. However, the influence of the geologic framework on a system is difficult to extract when evaluating responses to changes due to storms and anthropogenic modifications, and few studies have quantified the potential...
Feature-based and statistical methods for analyzing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with AVIRIS imagery
R.S. Rand, R. N. Clark, K.E. Livo
2011, Proceedings of SPIE (8158)
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill covered a very large geographical area in the Gulf of Mexico creating potentially serious environmental impacts on both marine life and the coastal shorelines. Knowing the oil's areal extent and thickness as well as denoting different categories of the oil's physical state is important for...
Are soils of Iowa USA currently a carbon sink or source? Simulated changes in SOC stock from 1972 to 2007
Shuguang Liu, Z. Tan, Z. Li, S. Zhao, W. Yuan
2011, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (140) 106-112
Upscaling the spatial and temporal changes in carbon (C) stocks and fluxes from sites to regions is a critical and challenging step toward improving our understanding of the dynamics of C sources and sinks over large areas. This study simulated soil organic C (SOC) dynamics within 0–100 cm depth of soils...
Biogeochemical processes on tree islands in the greater everglades: Initiating a new paradigm
P.R. Wetzel, Fred H. Sklar, C.A. Coronado, T.G. Troxler, S.L. Krupa, P.L. Sullivan, S. Ewe, R.M. Price, S. Newman, William H. Orem
2011, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (41) 670-701
Scientists’ understanding of the role of tree islands in the Everglades has evolved from a plant community of minor biogeochemical importance to a plant community recognized as the driving force for localized phosphorus accumulation within the landscape. Results from this review suggest that tree transpiration, nutrient infiltration from the soil...
Phenology for science, resource management, decision making, and education
V.P. Nolan, J.F. Weltzin
2011, Conference Paper, Eos
Fourth USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN) Research Coordination Network (RCN) Annual Meeting and Stakeholders Workshop; Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 21-22 September 2010; Phenology, the study of recurring plant and animal life cycle events, is rapidly emerging as a fundamental approach for understanding how ecological systems respond to environmental variation and climate change....
Assessment of clinical pathology and pathogen exposure in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) bordering the threatened population in Alaska
Tracey Goldstein, Verena A. Gill, Pamela A. Tuomi, Daniel H. Monson, Alexander Burdin, Patricia A. Conrad, J. Lawrence Dunn, Cara L. Field, Christine K. Johnson, David A. Jessup, James L. Bodkin, Angela M. Doroff
2011, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (47) 579-592
Northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) abundance has decreased dramatically over portions of southwest Alaska, USA, since the mid-1980s, and this stock is currently listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. In contrast, adjacent populations in south central Alaska, USA, and Russia have been stable to increasing during the...
Beaver assisted river valley formation
Cherie J. Westbrook, D.J. Cooper, Bruce W. Baker
2011, River Research and Applications (27) 247-256
We examined how beaver dams affect key ecosystem processes, including pattern and process of sediment deposition, the composition and spatial pattern of vegetation, and nutrient loading and processing. We provide new evidence for the formation of heterogeneous beaver meadows on riverine system floodplains and terraces where dynamic flows are capable...
Quantification of a greenhouse hydrologic cycle from equatorial to polar latitudes: The mid-Cretaceous water bearer revisited
M.B. Suarez, Luis A. Gonzalez, Greg A. Ludvigson
2011, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (307) 301-312
This study aims to investigate the global hydrologic cycle during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse by utilizing the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates (calcite and siderite) as proxies for the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation. The data set builds on the Aptian–Albian sphaerosiderite δ18O data set presented by Ufnar et...
Water chemistry and its effects on the physiology and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts
T. Liebich, S. D. McCormick, D. Kircheis, Kevin Johnson, R. Regal, T. Hrabik
2011, Journal of Fish Biology (79) 502-519
The physiological effects of episodic pH fluctuations on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in eastern Maine, U.S.A., were investigated. During this study, S. salar smolts were exposed to ambient stream‐water chemistry conditions at nine sites in four catchments for 3 and 6 day intervals during the spring S. salar smolt migration period. Plasma chloride, plasma glucose,...
Sedimentary successions of the Arctic Region (58–64° to 90°N) that may be prospective for hydrocarbons
Arthur Grantz, Robert A. Scott, Sergey S. Drachev, Thomas E. Moore, Zenon C. Valin
2011, Geological Society Memoir (35) 17-37
A total of 143 sedimentary successions that contain, or may be prospective for, hydrocarbons were identified in the Arctic Region north of 58–64°N and mapped in four quadrants at a scale of 1:11 000 000. Eighteen of these successions (12.6%) occur in the Arctic Ocean Basin, 25 (17.5%) in the...
A lognormal distribution of metal resources
Donald A. Singer
2011, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences (36) 201-208
For national or global resource estimation of frequencies of metals, a lognormal distribution has commonly been recommended but not adequately tested. Tests of frequencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, and Au contents of 1 984 well-explored mineral deposits display a poor fit to the lognormal distribution. When the same metals...
Methane oxidation in a crude oil contaminated aquifer: Delineation of aerobic reactions at the plume fringes
R.T. Amos, Barbara A. Bekins, Geoffrey N. Delin, Isabelle M. Cozzarelli, D.W. Blowes, J. D. Kirshtein
2011, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (125) 13-25
High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH4 attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH4 and CO2, and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the...
The angus mammoth: A decades-old scientific controversy resolved
Steven R. Holen, D.W. May, Shannon A. Mahan
2011, American Antiquity (76) 487-499
The Angus Mammoth site in south-central Nebraska has been controversial since its discovery in 1931 when a fluted artifact was reported to be associated with the mammoth. For nearly 80 years it has not been known if Angus was a paleontological site predating the human occupation of North America as...
Continuity of Landsat observations: Short term considerations
Michael A. Wulder, Joanne C. White, Jeffery G. Masek, John L. Dwyer, David P. Roy
2011, Remote Sensing of Environment (115) 747-751
As of writing in mid-2010, both Landsat-5 and -7 continue to function, with sufficient fuel to enable data collection until the launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) scheduled for December of 2012. Failure of one or both of Landsat-5 or -7 may result in a lack of Landsat...
Fire frequency, area burned, and severity: A quantitative approach to defining a normal fire year
J.A. Lutz, Carl H. Key, C.A. Kolden, J.T. Kane, Jan W. Van Wagtendonk
2011, Fire Ecology (7) 51-65
Fire frequency, area burned, and fire severity are important attributes of a fire regime, but few studies have quantified the interrelationships among them in evaluating a fire year. Although area burned is often used to summarize a fire season, burned area may not be well correlated with either the number...
