Computing time-series suspended-sediment concentrations and loads from in-stream turbidity-sensor and streamflow data
Patrick P. Rasmussen, John R. Gray, G. Doug Glysson, Andrew C. Ziegler
2010, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and Sedimentation for a Changing Future: Existing and Emerging Issues: Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1, 2010
Over the last decade, use of a method for computing suspended-sediment concentration and loads using turbidity sensors—primarily nephelometry, but also optical backscatter—has proliferated. Because an in- itu turbidity sensor is capa le of measuring turbidity instantaneously, a turbidity time series can be recorded and related directly to time-varying suspended-sediment concentrations....
The morphology, processes, and evolution of Monterey Fan: a revisit
James V. Gardner, Robert G. Bohannon, Michael E. Field, Douglas G. Masson
2010, Book chapter, Geology of the United States' seafloor: the view from GLORIA
Long-range (GLORIA) and mid-range (TOBI) sidescan imagery and seismic-reflection profiles have revealed the surface morphology and architecture of the complete Monterey Fan. The fan has not developed a classic wedge shape because it has been blocked for much of its history by Morro Fracture Zone. The barrier has caused the...
Landscape indicators and land cover change in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States, 1973-2001
E. Terrence Slonecker, Lesley Milheim, Peter R. Claggett
2010, GIScience and Remote Sensing (47) 163-186
Landscape indicators, derived from land use and land cover data as well as other data, were used to calculate the ecological consequences of land cover change in terms of nitrate loading and physical bird habitat. Both were modeled from 1973, 1992, and 2001 land cover data...
HIMALA: climate impacts on glaciers, snow, and hydrology in the Himalayan region
Molly Elizabeth Brown, Hua Ouyang, Shahid Habib, Basanta Shrestha, Mandira Shrestha, Prajjwal Panday, Maria Tzortziou, Frederick Policelli, Guleid A. Artan, Amarnath Giriraj, Sagar R. Bajracharya, Adina Racoviteanu
2010, Mountain Research and Development (30) 401-404
Glaciers are the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth, supporting one third of the world's population. The Himalaya possess one of the largest resources of snow and ice, which act as a freshwater reservoir for more than 1.3 billion people. This article describes a new project called HIMALA, which focuses...
A model for Iapetan rifting of Laurentia based on Neoproterozoic dikes and related rocks
William C. Burton, Scott Southworth
2010, GSA Memoirs (206) 455-476
Geologic evidence of the Neoproterozoic rifting of Laurentia during breakup of Rodinia is recorded in basement massifs of the cratonic margin by dike swarms, volcanic and plutonic rocks, and rift-related clastic sedimentary sequences. The spatial and temporal distribution of these geologic features varies both within and between the massifs but...
Understanding behavioral responses of fish to pheromones in natural freshwater environments
Nicholas S. Johnson, Weiming Li
2010, Journal of Comparative Physiology A (196) 701-711
There is an abundance of experimental studies and reviews that describe odorant-mediated behaviors of fish in laboratory microcosms, but research in natural field conditions has received considerably less attention. Fish pheromone studies in laboratory settings can be highly productive and allow for controlled experimental designs; however, laboratory tanks and flumes...
Viscoelastic-cycle model of interseismic deformation in the northwestern United States
F. F. Pollitz, Patricia McCrory, Doug Wilson, Jerry Svarc, Christine Puskas, Robert B. Smith
2010, Geophysical Journal International (181) 665-696
We apply a viscoelastic cycle model to a compilation of GPS velocity fields in order to address the kinematics of deformation in the northwestern United States. A viscoelastic cycle model accounts for time-dependent deformation following large crustal earthquakes and is an alternative to block models for explaining the interseismic crustal...
Creation of next generation U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps
Kari J. Craun
2010, Book
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is 2 years into a 3-year cycle to create new digital topographic map products for the conterminous United States from data acquired and maintained as part of The National Map databases. These products are in the traditional, USGS topographic quadrangle, 7.5-minute (latitude and longitude) cell...
Making lidar more photogenic: creating band combinations from lidar information
Jason M. Stoker
2010, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (76) 216-220
Over the past five to ten years the use and applicability of light detection and ranging (lidar) technology has increased dramatically. As a result, an almost exponential amount of lidar data is being collected across the country for a wide range of applications, and it is currently the technology of...
Petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry of deep gravelly sands in the Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure
Katerina Bartosova, Susanne Gier, J. Wright Horton Jr., Christian Koeberl, Dieter Mader, Henning Dypvik
2010, Meteoritics and Planetary Science (45) 1021-1052
The ICDP–USGS Eyreville drill cores in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure reached a total depth of 1766 m and comprise (from the bottom upwards) basement-derived schists and granites/pegmatites, impact breccias, mostly poorly lithified gravelly sand and crystalline blocks, a granitic slab, sedimentary breccias, and postimpact sediments. The gravelly sand and...
Emerging themes in the ecology and management of North American forests
Terry L. Sharik, William Adair, Fred A. Baker, Michael Battaglia, Emily J. Comfort, Anthony W. D’Amato, Craig Delong, R. Justin DeRose, Mark J. Ducey, Mark Harmon, Louise Levy, Jesse A. Logan, Joseph O'Brien, Brian J. Palik, Scott D. Roberts, Paul C. Rogers, Douglas J. Shinneman, Thomas Spies, Sarah L. Taylor, Christopher Woodall, Andrew Youngblood
2010, International Journal of Forestry Research (2010)
The 7th North American Forest Ecology Workshop, consisting of 149 presentations in 16 oral sessions and a poster session, reflected a broad range of topical areas currently under investigation in forest ecology and management. There was an overarching emphasis on the role of disturbance, both natural and anthropogenic, in the...
Do three massive coral species from the same reef record the same SST signal? A test from the Dry Tortugas, Florida Keys
K. L. DeLong, R.Z. Poore, C. D. Reich, J. A. Flannery, Christopher R. Maupin, T. M. Quinn
2010, Conference Paper
Paleoclimatologists have reconstructed century-long records of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific using the Sr/Ca of massive corals, whereas similar reconstructions in the Atlantic have not proceeded at the same pace. Past research in the Florida Keys has focused on Montastrea spp., an abundant and fast-growing massive coral, thus a...
A universal approximation to grain size from images of non-cohesive sediment
D. Buscombe, D. M. Rubin, J.A. Warrick
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (115)
The two-dimensional spectral decomposition of an image of sediment provides a direct statistical estimate, grid-by-number style, of the mean of all intermediate axes of all single particles within the image. We develop and test this new method which, unlike existing techniques, requires neither image processing algorithms for detection and measurement...
An overview of sensor calibration inter-comparison and applications
Xiaoxiong Xiong, Changyong Cao, Gyanesh Chander
2010, Frontiers of Earth Science in China (4) 237-252
Long-term climate data records (CDR) are often constructed using observations made by multiple Earth observing sensors over a broad range of spectra and a large scale in both time and space. These sensors can be of the same or different types operated on the same or different platforms. They can...
Groundwater sustainability strategies
Tom Gleeson, Jonathan VanderSteen, Marios A. Sophocleous, Makoto Taniguchi, William M. Alley, Diana M. Allen, Yangxiao Zhou
2010, Nature Geoscience (3) 378-379
Groundwater extraction has facilitated significant social development and economic growth, enhanced food security and alleviated drought in many farming regions. But groundwater development has also depressed water tables, degraded ecosystems and led to the deterioration of groundwater quality, as well as to conflict among water users. The effects are not...
The effect of error in theoretical Earth tide on calibration of borehole strainmeters
John O. Langbein
2010, Geophysical Research Letters (37)
Since the installation of borehole strainmeters into the ground locally distorts the strain in the rock, these strainmeters require calibration from a known source which typically is the Earth tide. Consequently, the accuracy of the observed strain changes from borehole strainmeters depends upon the calibration derived from modeling the Earth...
Geologic characteristics and movement of the Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex, western Kane County, Utah
Francis X. Ashland, Greg N. McDonald
Stephanie M. Carney, David E. Tabet, Cari L. Johnson, editor(s)
2010, Utah Geological Association Publication 39: Geology of South-Central Utah 38-60
The Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex in western Kane County, Utah, is about 1.7 miles (2.7 km) wide and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) long and contains six smaller historical slides. The upper part of the Meadow Creek landslide is gently sloping and consists of...
Earth mineral resource of the month: asbestos
Robert L. Virta
2010, Earth (55) 27-27
The article discusses the characteristics and feature of asbestos. According to the author, asbestos is a generic name for six needle-shaped minerals that possess high tensile strengths, flexibility, and resistance to chemical and thermal degradation. These minerals are actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysolite, crocilodite and tremolite. Asbestos is used for strengthening...
Mineral resource of the month: perlite
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2010, Earth (55) 27-27
The article talks about perlite, which is a mineral used as an aggregate for lightweight construction products, filler for paints and horticultural soil blends. Perlite comes from viscous lava, mined and processed to produce lightweight material that competes with pumice, exfoliated vermiculite and expanded clay and shale. It is mined...
Importance of benthic production to fish populations in Lake Mead prior to the establishment of quagga mussels
John Umek, Sudeep Chandra, Michael Rosen, Marion Wittmann, Joe Sullivan, Erik Orsak
2010, Lake and Reservoir Management (26) 293-305
Limnologists recently have developed an interest in quantifying benthic resource contributions to higher-level consumers. Much of this research focuses on natural lakes with very little research in reservoirs. In this study, we provide a contemporary snapshot of the food web structure of Lake Mead to evaluate the contribution of benthic...
Mineral resource of the month: silicon
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
2010, Earth (55) 27-27
The article offers information about silicon, a metalloid element which is considered the second-most abundant element in the Earth crust....
Bauxite and alumina
E.L. Bray
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 40-41
The article reports on the global market performance of bauxite and alumina in 2009 and presents an outlook for their 2010 performance. There were only several U.S. states that could produce bauxite and bauxitic clays including Georgia, Arkansas, and Alabama. The prices for imported refractory-grade calcined bauxite ranged between 426...
Mineral resource of the month: salt
Dennis S. Kostick
2010, Earth (55) 27-27
The article presents information on various types of salt. Rock salt is either found from underground halite deposits or near the surface. Other types of salt include solar salt, salt brine, and vacuum pan salt. The different uses of salt are also given including its use as a flavor enhancer,...
Mineral resource of the month: iron ore
John Jorgenson
2010, Earth (55) 29-29
The article provides information on iron ore, including its use in steelmaking....
Large-scale coastal change in the Columbia River littoral cell: an overview
Guy Gelfenbaum, George M. Kaminsky
2010, Marine Geology (273) 1-10
This overview introduces large-scale coastal change in the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC). Covering 165 km of the southwest Washington and northwest Oregon coasts, the littoral cell is made up of wide low-sloping dissipative beaches, broad coastal dunes and barrier plains, three large estuaries, and is bounded by rocky headlands....
