Exploration review
D.R. Wilburn, M.R. Bourget
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 39-52
This summary of international mineral exploration activities for the year 2009 draws upon information from industry sources, published literature and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) specialists. The summary provides data on industry exploration budgets by region and mineral commodity, identifies significant mineral discoveries and areas of mineral exploration, discusses government programs...
Carbonate control of H2 and CH4 production in serpentinization systems at elevated P-Ts
L. Camille Jones, Robert Rosenbauer, Jonas I. Goldsmith, Christopher Oze
2010, Geophysical Research Letters (37)
Serpentinization of forsteritic olivine results in the inorganic synthesis of molecular hydrogen (H2) in ultramafic hydrothermal systems (e.g., mid-ocean ridge and forearc environments). Inorganic carbon in those hydrothermal systems may react with H2 to produce methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbons or react with dissolved metal ions to form carbonate minerals....
Dioszegia antarctica sp. nov. and Dioszegia cryoxerica sp. nov., psychrophilic basidiomycetous yeasts from polar desert soils in Antarctica
Russell J. Rodriguez, L. Connell, R. Redman, A. Barrett, M. Iszard, A. Fonseca
2010, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (60) 1466-1472
During a survey of the culturable soil fungal population in samples collected in Taylor Valley, South Victoria Land, Antarctica, 13 basidiomycetous yeast strains with orange-coloured colonies were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial LSU rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains belong to the Dioszegia clade...
Diel behavior of rearing fall Chinook salmon
Kenneth F. Tiffan, Tobias J. Kock, Joseph J. Skalicky
2010, Northwestern Naturalist (91) 342-345
In fisheries science, habitat use is often inferred when fish are sampled or observed in a particular location. Physical habitat is typically measured where fish are found, and thus deemed important to habitat use. Although less common, a more informative approach is to measure or observe fish behavior within given...
Distribution of an invasive aquatic pathogen (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) in the Great Lakes and its relationship to shipping
Mark B. Bain, Emily R. Cornwell, Kristine M. Hope, Geofrey E. Eckerlin, Rufina N. Casey, Geoffrey H. Groocock, Rodman G. Getchell, Paul R. Bowser, James R. Winton, William N. Batts, Allegra Cangelosi, James W. Casey
2010, PLoS ONE (5)
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus found in fish from oceans of the northern hemisphere and freshwaters of Europe. It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great Lakes...
Lithium
B.W. Jaskula
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 61-62
In 2009, lithium consumption in the United States was estimated to have been about 1.2 kt (1,300 st) of contained lithium, a 40-percent decrease from 2008. The United States was estimated to be the fourth largest consumer of lithium, and remained the leading importer of lithium carbonate and the leading...
Bromine
Lori E. Apodaca
2010, Mining Engineering (62) 41-42
The entire U.S. production of bromine in 2009 came from underground brines in Arkansas, where it was the leading mineral commodity produced in terms of value. Two companies, Albermarle Corp. and Chemtura Corp., were responsible for bromine recovery. Worldwide, the United States is still the leading producer. However, U.S. dominance...
Groundwater sustainability strategies
Tom Gleeson, Jonathan VanderSteen, Marios A. Sophocleous, Makoto Taniguchi, William M. Alley, Diana M. Allen, Yangxiao Zhou
2010, Nature Geoscience (3) 378-379
Groundwater extraction has facilitated significant social development and economic growth, enhanced food security and alleviated drought in many farming regions. But groundwater development has also depressed water tables, degraded ecosystems and led to the deterioration of groundwater quality, as well as to conflict among water users. The effects are not...
Use of geochemical, isotopic, and age tracer data to develop models of groundwater flow for the purpose of water management, northern High Plains aquifer, USA
Peter B. McMahon, C. P. Carney, E. P. Poeter, Steven M. Peterson
2010, PNAS (25) 910-922
A prolonged drought in the High Plains of Nebraska prompted the use of groundwater for cooling at the largest coal-fired power plant in the State. Prior to the drought, groundwater was used primarily for irrigation and the power plant relied exclusively on surface water stored in a nearby reservoir for...
The effect of error in theoretical Earth tide on calibration of borehole strainmeters
John O. Langbein
2010, Geophysical Research Letters (37)
Since the installation of borehole strainmeters into the ground locally distorts the strain in the rock, these strainmeters require calibration from a known source which typically is the Earth tide. Consequently, the accuracy of the observed strain changes from borehole strainmeters depends upon the calibration derived from modeling the Earth...
New software methods in radar ornithology using WSR-88D weather data and potential application to monitoring effects of climate change on bird migration
Reginald Mead, John Paxton, Richard S. Sojda
David A. Swayne, Wanhong Yang, A.A. Voinov, A. Rizzoli, T. Filatova, editor(s)
2010, Conference Paper, 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software; Modelling for Environment's Sake, Fifth Biennial Meeting, Ottawa, Canada
Radar ornithology has provided tools for studying the movement of birds, especially related to migration. Researchers have presented qualitative evidence suggesting that birds, or at least migration events, can be identified using large broad scale radars such as the WSR-88D used in the NEXRAD weather surveillance system. This is potentially...
Functional linear models to test for differences in prairie wetland hydraulic gradients
Mark C. Greenwood, Richard S. Sojda, Todd M. Preston
David A. Swayne, Wanhong Yang, A.A. Voinov, A. Rizzoli, T. Filatova, editor(s)
2010, Conference Paper, 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software; Modelling for Environment's Sake, Fifth Biennial Meeting, Ottawa, Canada
Functional data analysis provides a framework for analyzing multiple time series measured frequently in time, treating each series as a continuous function of time. Functional linear models are used to test for effects on hydraulic gradient functional responses collected from three types of land use in Northeastern Montana at fourteen...
New plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago
Forest Starr, Kim Starr, Lloyd L. Loope
Neal L. Evenhuis, Lucius G. Eldredge, editor(s)
2010, Bishop Museum Occasional Papers: Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2008 (107) 61-68
The following contributions include 19 new plant records for the islands of Kure Atoll (1), Midway Atoll (7), Lāna‘i (9), Kaho‘olawe (1), and Maui (1). The records are comprised of one new state record and 18 new island records. All but one of the records are non-natives. Images of most...
Tectonics of the Maryland Piedmont along the Potomac River; insight since 1960 and potential transfer to the Pennsylvania Piedmont
C. Scott Southworth
Donald U. Wise, Gary M. Fleeger, editor(s)
2010, Conference Paper, Tectonics of the Susquehanna Piedmont in Lancaster, Dauphin, and York Counties, Pa.: proceedings of a symposium associated with the 75th Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Lancaster, Pa., September 23, 2010
This is a summary of a half century of research in the Mary land Piedmont and how it may or may not have implications for the Piedmont of Pennsylvania. Much of the field mapping and all of the isotopic analyses of rocks and minerals of the Maryland Piedmont have been...
Geologic characteristics and movement of the Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex, western Kane County, Utah
Francis X. Ashland, Greg N. McDonald
Stephanie M. Carney, David E. Tabet, Cari L. Johnson, editor(s)
2010, Utah Geological Association Publication 39: Geology of South-Central Utah 38-60
The Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex in western Kane County, Utah, is about 1.7 miles (2.7 km) wide and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) long and contains six smaller historical slides. The upper part of the Meadow Creek landslide is gently sloping and consists of...
Diet of lake trout and burbot in northern Lake Michigan during spring: Evidence of ecological interaction
Gregory R. Jacobs, Charles P. Madenjian, David B. Bunnell, Jeffrey D. Holuszko
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 312-317
We used analyses of burbot (Lota lota) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) diets taken during spring gill-net surveys in northern Lake Michigan in 2006-2008 to investigate the potential for competition and predator-prey interactions between these two species. We also compared our results to historical data from 1932. During 2006-2008, lake...
Cladophora in the Great Lakes: Impacts on beach water quality and human health
M.P. Verhougstraete, Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli, J.B. Rose, Richard L. Whitman
2010, Water Science and Technology (62) 68-76
Cladophora in the Great Lakes grows rapidly during the warm summer months, detaches, and becomes free-floating mats as a result of environmental conditions, eventually becoming stranded on recreational beaches. Cladophora provides protection and nutrients, which allow enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, enterococci, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella to persist and...
Introduction to special section on phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor
Joan Gomberg
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (115)
This paper introduces the special section on the "phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor" by highlighting key results of the studies published in it. Many of the results indicate that seismic and aseismic manifestations of slow slip reflect transient shear displacements on the plate...
Aftershocks are well aligned with the background stress field, contradicting the hypothesis of highly-heterogeneous crustal stress
Jeanne L. Hardebeck
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115)
It has been proposed that the crustal stress field contains small-length-scale heterogeneity of much larger amplitude than the uniform background stress. This model predicts that earthquake focal mechanisms should reflect the loading stress rather than the uniform background stress. So, if the heterogeneous stress hypothesis is correct, focal mechanisms before...
Effects of soil aggregates on debris-flow mobilization: Results from ring-shear experiments
Neal R. Iverson, Janet E. Mann, Richard M. Iverson
2010, Engineering Geology (114) 84-92
Rates and styles of landslide motion are sensitive to pore-water pressure changes caused by changes in soil porosity accompanying shear deformation. Soil may either contract or dilate upon shearing, depending upon whether its initial porosity is greater or less, respectively, than a critical-state porosity attained after sufficiently high strain. We...
Infrasonic harmonic tremor and degassing bursts from Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
David Fee, Milton Garces, Matt Patrick, Bernard Chouet, Phil Dawson, Donald A. Swanson
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (115)
The formation, evolution, collapse, and subsequent resurrection of a vent within Halema'uma'u Crater, Kilauea Volcano, produced energetic and varied degassing signals recorded by a nearby infrasound array between 2008 and early 2009. After 25 years of quiescence, a vent-clearing explosive burst on 19 March 2008 produced a clear, complex acoustic...
Genetic diversity of lake whitefish in lakes Michigan and Huron: sampling, standardization, and research priorities
Wendylee Stott, Justin A. VanDeHey, Brian L. Sloss
2010, Journal of Great Lakes Research (36) 59-65
We combined data from two laboratories to increase the spatial extent of a genetic data set for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis from lakes Huron and Michigan and saw that genetic diversity was greatest between lakes, but that there was also structuring within lakes. Low diversity among stocks may be a...
Genetic structure and diversity among brook trout from Isle Royale, Lake Nipigon, and three Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior
Wendylee Stott, Henry R. Quinlan, Owen T. Gorman, Tim L. King
2010, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (30) 400-411
Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from Isle Royale, Michigan, three Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior, and Lake Nipigon in Ontario were analyzed for genetic variation at 12 microsatellite DNA loci. Analysis of molecular variance, genetic distance measures, and cluster analysis were used to examine the diversity, gene flow, and relatedness among...
Inelastic off-fault response and three-dimensional dynamics of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault
D.J. Andrews, Shuo Ma
2010, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (115) B04304
Large dynamic stress off the fault incurs an inelastic response and energy loss, which contributes to the fracture energy, limiting the rupture and slip velocity. Using an explicit finite element method, we model three-dimensional dynamic ruptures on a vertical strike-slip fault in a homogeneous half-space. The material is subjected to...
Fault zone structure from topography: signatures of en echelon fault slip at Mustang Ridge on the San Andreas Fault, Monterey County, California
Stephen B. DeLong, George E. Hilley, Michael J. Rymer, Carol Prentice
2010, Tectonics (29)
We used high-resolution topography to quantify the spatial distribution of scarps, linear valleys, topographic sinks, and oversteepened stream channels formed along an extensional step over on the San Andreas Fault (SAF) at Mustang Ridge, California. This location provides detail of both creeping fault landform development and complex fault zone kinematics....
