Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context
S. I. Stewart, B. Wilmer, R. B. Hammer, G. H. Aplet, T. J. Hawbaker, C. Miller, V. C. Radeloff
2009, Journal of Forestry (107) 78-83
Maps of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are both policy tools and powerful visual images. Although the growing number of WUI maps serve similar purposes, this article indicates that WUI maps derived from the same data sets can differ in important ways related to their original intended application. We discuss the...
Streamflow changes in Alaska between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: The influence of glaciers
Glenn A. Hodgkins
2009, Water Resources Research (45)
Streamflow data from 35 stations in and near Alaska were analyzed for changes between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Winter, spring, and summer flow changes and maximum annual flow changes were different for glaciated basins (more than 10% glacier‐covered area) than...
Sensitivity of system stability to model structure
G.R. Hosack, H.W. Li, P.A. Rossignol
2009, Ecological Modelling (220) 1054-1062
A community is stable, and resilient, if the levels of all community variables can return to the original steady state following a perturbation. The stability properties of a community depend on its structure, which is the network of direct effects (interactions) among the variables within the community. These direct effects...
On the uniqueness of color patterns in raptor feathers
D. H. Ellis
2009, Journal of Raptor Research (43) 11-26
For this study, I compared sequentially molted feathers for a few captive raptors from year to year and symmetrically matched feathers (left/right pairs) for many raptors to see if color patterns of sequential feather pairs were identical or if symmetrical pairs were mirror-image identical. Feather pairs were found to be...
Characteristics of ground motion at permafrost sites along the Qinghai-Tibet railway
L. Wang, Z. Wu, Jielun Sun, Xiuying Liu, Z. Wang
2009, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (29) 974-981
Based on 14 typical drilling holes distributed in the permafrost areas along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the distribution of wave velocities of soils in the permafrost regions were determined. Using results of dynamic triaxial tests, the results of dynamic triaxiality test and time histories of ground motion acceleration in this area,...
Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations
Arthur Frankel, William Stephenson, David Carver
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 1579-1611
Seismograms of local earthquakes recorded in Seattle exhibit surface waves in the Seattle basin and basin-edge focusing of S waves. Spectral ratios of Swaves and later arrivals at 1 Hz for stiff-soil sites in the Seattle basin show a dependence on the direction to the earthquake, with earthquakes to the...
Stable isotope and petrologic evidence for open-system degassing during the climactic and pre-climactic eruptions of Mt. Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon
C.W. Mandeville, J.D. Webster, C. Tappen, B.E. Taylor, A. Timbal, A. Sasaki, E. Hauri, C. R. Bacon
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 2978-3012
Evaluation of the extent of volatile element recycling in convergent margin volcanism requires delineating likely source(s) of magmatic volatiles through stable isotopic characterization of sulfur, hydrogen and oxygen in erupted tephra with appropriate assessment of modification by degassing. The climactic eruption of Mt. Mazama ejected approximately 50 km3 of rhyodacitic magma into...
Small-footprint, waveform-resolving lidar estimation of submerged and sub-canopy topography in coastal environments
A. Nayegandhi, J. C. Brock, C. W. Wright
2009, International Journal of Remote Sensing (30) 861-878
The experimental advanced airborne research lidar (EAARL) is an airborne lidar instrument designed to map near-shore submerged topography and adjacent land elevations simultaneously. This study evaluated data acquired by the EAARL system in February 2003 and March 2004 along the margins of Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, to map bare-earth elevations...
Processes that initiate turbidity currents and their influence on turbidites: A marine geology perspective
David J. W. Piper, William R. Normark
2009, Journal of Sedimentary Research (79) 347-362
How the processes that initiate turbidity currents influence turbidite deposition is poorly understood, and many discussions in the literature rely on concepts that are overly simplistic. Marine geological studies provide information on the initiation and flow path of turbidity currents, including their response to gradient. In case studies of late...
Pedogenesis of a catena of the Farmdale-Sangamon Geosol complex in the north central United States
P.M. Jacobs, M.E. Konen, B. Brandon Curry
2009, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (282) 119-132
The Farmdale-Sangamon Geosol pedocomplex consists of the Sangamon Geosol and the overlying Farmdale Geosol, which form the most extensive terrestrial record of the last interglacial to glacial transition in the Midwest United States. The geosol complex formed for upwards of 100??ka, extending from the end of MIS 6 through 4...
Sinks without borders: Snowshoe hare dynamics in a complex landscape
Paul C. Griffin, L. Scott Mills
2009, Oikos (118) 1487-1498
A full understanding of population dynamics of wide-ranging animals should account for the effects that movement and habitat use have on individual contributions to population growth or decline. Quantifying the per-capita, habitat-specific contribution to population growth can clarify the value of different patch types, and help to differentiate population sources...
Modeling nitrate-nitrogen load reduction strategies for the des moines river, iowa using SWAT
K. E. Schilling, C.F. Wolter
2009, Environmental Management (44) 671-682
The Des Moines River that drains a watershed of 16,175 km2 in portions of Iowa and Minnesota is impaired for nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) due to concentrations that exceed regulatory limits for public water supplies. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to model streamflow and nitrate loads and evaluate...
Sea-level rise in New Jersey over the past 5000 years: Implications to anthropogenic changes
Kenneth G. Miller, Peter J. Sugarman, James V. Browning, Benjamin P. Horton, Alissa Stanley, Alicia Kahn, Jane Uptegrove, Michael Aucott
2009, Global and Planetary Change (66) 10-18
We present a mid to late Holocene sea-level record derived from drilling the New Jersey coast that shows a relatively constant rise of 1.8??mm/yr from ~ 5000 to 500 calibrated calendar years before present (yrBP). This contrasts with previous New Jersey estimates that showed only 0.5??mm/yr rise since 2000??yrBP. Comparison...
Temporal response of hydraulic head, temperature, and chloride concentrations to sea-level changes, Floridan aquifer system, USA
J.D. Hughes, H. Leonard Vacher, W. E. Sanford
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 793-815
Three-dimensional density-dependent flow and transport modeling of the Floridan aquifer system, USA shows that current chloride concentrations are not in equilibrium with current sea level and, second, that the geometric configuration of the aquifer has a significant effect on system responses. The modeling shows that hydraulic head equilibrates first, followed...
Aggressive defensive behavior by free-ranging white-tailed deer
T.W. Grovenburg, J.A. Jenks, C.N. Jacques, R. W. Klaver, C. C. Swanson
2009, Journal of Mammalogy (90) 1218-1223
Maternal investment plays a critical role in neonate survival, and adults can improve survival of offspring by defending them against predators. However, limited information exists documenting ungulate aggression toward humans in defense of neonates. During captures of neonates in spring 2007 and 2008 in north-central South Dakota, we documented 24...
The stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate and other dissolved carbon species in deep subseafloor sediments at the northern Cascadia Margin
Verena B. Heuer, John W. Pohlman, Marta E. Torres, Marcus Elvert, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
2009, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (73) 3323-3336
Ocean drilling has revealed the existence of vast microbial populations in the deep subseafloor, but to date little is known about their metabolic activities. To better understand the biogeochemical processes in the deep biosphere, we investigate the stable carbon isotope chemistry of acetate and other...
Assembling and disassembling california: A zircon and monazite geochronologic framework for proterozoic crustal evolution in southern California
A. P. Barth, J. L. Wooden, D.S. Coleman, M.B. Vogel
2009, Journal of Geology (117) 221-239
The Mojave province in southern California preserves a comparatively complete record of assembly, postorogenic sedimentation, and rifting along the southwestern North American continental margin. The oldest exposed rocks are metasedimentary gneisses and amphibolite, enclosing intrusive suites that range from tonalite and quartz mon-zodiorite to granite with minor trondhjemite. Discrete magmatic...
Ultrahigh resolution topographic mapping of Mars with MRO HiRISE stereo images: Meter-scale slopes of candidate Phoenix landing sites
Randolph L. Kirk, Elpitha Howington-Kraus, Mark R. Rosiek, Jeffery A. Anderson, Brent A. Archinal, Kris J. Becker, D.A. Cook, Donna M. Galuszka, Paul E. Geissler, Trent M. Hare, I.M. Holmberg, Laszlo P. Keszthelyi, Bonnie L. Redding, W.A. Delamere, D. Gallagher, J.D. Chapel, Eric M. Eliason, R. King, Alfred S. McEwen
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
The objectives of this paper are twofold: first, to report our estimates of the meter‐to‐decameter‐scale topography and slopes of candidate landing sites for the Phoenix mission, based on analysis of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images with a typical pixel scale of 3 m and Mars Reconnaissance...
Characteristics of a refuge for native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Lake St. Clair
D.J. McGoldrick, J. L. Metcalfe-Smith, M.T. Arts, D. W. Schloesser, T.J. Newton, G.L. Mackie, E.M. Monroe, J. Biberhofer, Kevin Johnson
2009, Journal of Great Lakes Research (35) 137-146
The Lake St. Clair delta (??? 100??km2) provides an important refuge for native freshwater mussels (Unionidae) wherein 22 of the ??? 35 historical species co-occur with invasive dreissenids. A total of 1875 live unionids representing 22 species were found during snorkeling surveys of 32 shallow (??? 1??m) sites throughout the...
Mineral resource of the month: gallium
Brian W. Jaskula
2009, Earth (54) 29-29
The metal element gallium occurs in very small concentrations in rocks and ores of other metals — native gallium is not known. As society gets more and more high-tech, gallium becomes more useful. Gallium is one of only five metals that are liquid at or close to room temperature. It...
Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets
E.G. Stets, Robert G. Striegl, G. R. Aiken, D.O. Rosenberry, T. C. Winter
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (114)
Freshwater lakes are an important component of the global carbon cycle through both organic carbon (OC) sequestration and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission. Most lakes have a net annual loss of CO2 to the atmosphere and substantial current evidence suggests that biologic mineralization of allochthonous OC maintains this flux. Because...
Earthquake stress drops and inferred fault strength on the Hayward Fault, east San Francisco Bay, California
J.L. Hardebeck, A. Aron
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 1801-1814
We study variations in earthquake stress drop with respect to depth, faulting regime, creeping versus locked fault behavior, and wall-rock geology. We use the P-wave displacement spectra from borehole seismic recordings of M 1.0-4.2 earthquakes in the east San Francisco Bay to estimate stress drop using a stack-and-invert empirical Green's...
Unconventional energy resources: 2007-2008 review
Peter D. Warwick, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Energy Minerals Division
2009, Natural Resources Research (18) 65-83
This paper summarizes five 2007–2008 resource commodity committee reports prepared by the Energy Minerals Division (EMD) of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Current United States and global research and development activities related to gas hydrates, gas shales, geothermal resources, oil sands, and uranium resources are included in this review....
Using occupancy models of forest breeding birds to prioritize conservation planning
A. A. De Wan, P.J. Sullivan, A.J. Lembo, C. R. Smith, J.C. Maerz, J.P. Lassoie, M. E. Richmond
2009, Biological Conservation (142) 982-991
As urban development continues to encroach on the natural and rural landscape, land-use planners struggle to identify high priority conservation areas for protection. Although knowing where urban-sensitive species may be occurring on the landscape would facilitate conservation planning, research efforts are often not sufficiently designed to make quality predictions at...
Peptide synthesis in early earth hydrothermal systems
K.H. Lemke, R.J. Rosenbauer, D.K. Bird
2009, Astrobiology (9) 141-146
We report here results from experiments and thermodynamic calculations that demonstrate a rapid, temperature-enhanced synthesis of oligopeptides from the condensation of aqueous glycine. Experiments were conducted in custom-made hydrothermal reactors, and organic compounds were characterized with ultraviolet-visible procedures. A comparison of peptide yields at 260??C with those obtained at more...
