Oral and parenteral immunization of chickens (Gallus gallus) against West Nile virus with recombinant envelope protein
C. A. Fassbinder-Orth, Erik K. Hofmeister, C. Weeks-Levy, W. H. Karasov
2009, Avian Diseases (53) 502-509
West Nile virus (WNV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans, horses, and in more than 315 bird species in North America. Currently approved WNV vaccines are designed for parenteral administration and, as yet, no effective oral WNV vaccines have been developed. WNV envelope (E) protein is a highly antigenic protein...
Gravity investigations of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure
J. B. Plescia, D. L. Daniels, A. K. Shah
2009, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 181-193
The Chesapeake Bay impact structure is a complex impact crater, ??85 km in diameter, buried beneath postimpact sediments. Its main structural elements include a central uplift of crystalline bedrock, a surrounding inner crater filled with impact debris, and an annular faulted margin composed of block-faulted sediments. The gravity anomaly is...
Environmental correlates of breeding in the Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway)
J. L. Morrison, Kyle E. Pias, J.B. Cohen, D.H. Catlin
2009, The Auk (126) 755-764
We evaluated the influence of weather on reproduction of the Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) in an agricultural landscape in south-central Florida. We used a mixed logistic-regression modeling approach within an information-theoretic framework to examine the influence of total rainfall, rainfall frequency, and temperature on the number of breeding pairs, timing...
Mapping of accumulated nitrogen in the sediment pore water of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA
M.Z. Iqbal, C.L. Fields
2009, Environmental Geology (57) 465-475
A large pool of nitrogen in the sediment pore fluid of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA, was mapped in this study. Previously, the lake had supported fishing and boating, but today it no longer supports its designated uses as a recreational water body. In the top 5 cm of...
Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction
John Doherty, Randall J. Hunt
2009, Journal of Hydrology (366) 119-127
Two statistics are presented that can be used to rank input parameters utilized by a model in terms of their relative identifiability based on a given or possible future calibration dataset. Identifiability is defined here as the capability of model calibration to constrain parameters used by a model. Both statistics...
Shallow water processes govern system-wide phytoplankton bloom dynamics: A modeling study
L.V. Lucas, Jeffrey R. Koseff, Stephen G. Monismith, J.K. Thompson
2009, Journal of Marine Systems (75) 70-86
A pseudo-two-dimensional numerical model of estuarine phytoplankton growth and consumption, vertical turbulent mixing, and idealized cross-estuary transport was developed and applied to South San Francisco Bay. This estuary has two bathymetrically distinct habitat types (deep channel, shallow shoal) and associated differences in local net rates of phytoplankton growth and consumption,...
Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: IV Acid-sulfate waters
D. Kirk Nordstrom, R. Blaine McCleskey, J.W. Ball
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 191-207
Many waters sampled in Yellowstone National Park, both high-temperature (30-94 ??C) and low-temperature (0-30 ??C), are acid-sulfate type with pH values of 1-5. Sulfuric acid is the dominant component, especially as pH values decrease below 3, and it forms from the oxidation of elemental S whose origin is H2S in...
Landscape planning for agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction III: Assessing phosphorus and sediment reduction potential
M.W. Diebel, J.T. Maxted, Dale M. Robertson, S. Han, M. J. Vander Zanden
2009, Environmental Management (43) 69-83
Riparian buffers have the potential to improve stream water quality in agricultural landscapes. This potential may vary in response to landscape characteristics such as soils, topography, land use, and human activities, including legacies of historical land management. We built a predictive model to estimate the sediment and phosphorus load reduction...
Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand
R. Anders, C.V. Chrysikopoulos
2009, Transport in Porous Media (76) 121-138
Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the Salmonella typhimurium phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for...
A cross-site comparison of factors influencing soil nitrification rates in northeastern USA forested watersheds
D.S. Ross, B.C. Wemple, A.E. Jamison, G. Fredriksen, J. B. Shanley, G.B. Lawrence, S.W. Bailey, J.L. Campbell
2009, Ecosystems (12) 158-178
Elevated N deposition is continuing on many forested landscapes around the world and our understanding of ecosystem response is incomplete. Soil processes, especially nitrification, are critical. Many studies of soil N transformations have focused on identifying relationships within a single watershed but these results are often not transferable. We studied...
Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: Ecological corridor rather than barrier?
Robert E. Gill Jr., T. Lee Tibbitts, David C. Douglas, Colleen M. Handel, Daniel M. Mulcahy, Jon C. Gottschalck, Nils Warnock, Brian J. McCaffery, Phil F. Battley, Theunis Piersma
2009, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (276) 447-457
Mountain ranges, deserts, ice fields and oceans generally act as barriers to the movement of land-dependent animals, often profoundly shaping migration routes. We used satellite telemetry to track the southward flights of bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri), shorebirds whose breeding and non-breeding areas are separated by the vast central Pacific...
Disentangling effects of growth and nutritional status on seabird stable isotope ratios
J. Sears, Scott A. Hatch, D. M. O’Brien
2009, Oecologia (159) 41-48
A growing number of studies suggest that an individual’s physiology affects its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures, obscuring a signal often assumed to be only a reflection of diet and foraging location. We examined effects of growth and moderate food restriction on red blood cell (RBC) and feather δ15N...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options
Karen C. Nelson, Margaret A. Palmer, James E. Pizzuto, Glenn E. Moglen, Paul L. Angermeier, Robert H. Hilderbrand, Mike Dettinger, Katharine Hayhoe
2009, Journal of Applied Ecology (46) 154-163
Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with...
Potential effects of mercury on threatened California black rails
Danika C. Tsao, A. Keith Miles, John Y. Takekawa, Isa Woo
2009, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (56) 292-301
San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary sediments contain high levels of mercury (Hg), and tidal marsh resident species may be vulnerable to Hg contamination. We examined Hg concentrations in California black rails, a threatened waterbird species that inhabits SFB tidal salt marshes. We captured 127 black rails during the prebreeding and...
Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic?
C. Reimann, P. Englmaier, B. Flem, L. Gough, P. Lamothe, O. Nordgulen, D. Smith
2009, Applied Geochemistry (24) 62-76
Forty soil O- and C-horizon samples were collected along a south-to-north transect extending inland for approximately 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The elements As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, W, Zn and Zr all...
Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population
K.C. Kendall, J.B. Stetz, J. Boulanger, A.C. Macleod, David Paetkau, Gary C. White
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 3-17
Grizzly bears (brown bears; Ursus arctos) are imperiled in the southern extent of their range worldwide. The threatened population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since 1975; yet, no rigorous data were available to monitor program success. We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort...
The moon as a radiometric reference source for on-orbit sensor stability calibration
T.C. Stone
2009, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
The wealth of data generated by the world's Earth-observing satellites, now spanning decades, allows the construction of long-term climate records. A key consideration for detecting climate trends is precise quantification of temporal changes in sensor calibration on-orbit. For radiometer instruments in the solar reflectance wavelength range (near-UV to shortwave-IR), the...
Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the sand pocket mouse Chaetodipus arenarius, an endemic from the Baja California Peninsula
A. Munguia-Vega, R. Rodriguez-Estrella, M. Nachman, M. Culver
2009, Molecular Ecology Resources (9) 305-307
Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of the sand pocket mouse Chaetodipus arenarius. The mean number of alleles per locus was 11.53 (range five to 19) and the average observed heterozygosity was 0.764 (range 0.121 to 1.0). The markers will be used for detecting the...
Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water
J.M. Besser, W. G. Brumbaugh, A.L. Allert, B.C. Poulton, C. J. Schmitt, C.G. Ingersoll
2009, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (72) 516-526
We studied the toxicity of sediments downstream of lead-zinc mining areas in southeast Missouri, using chronic sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, and pore-water toxicity tests with the daphnid, Ceriodaphnia dubia. Tests conducted in 2002 documented reduced survival of amphipods in stream sediments collected near mining areas and...
Late Pleistocene paleohydrology near the boundary of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts, southeastern Arizona, USA
Jeffery S. Pigati, Jordon E. Bright, Timothy M. Shanahan, Shannon Mahan
2009, Quaternary Science Reviews (28) 286-300
Ground-water discharge (GWD) deposits form in arid environments as water tables rise and approach or breach the ground surface during periods of enhanced effective precipitation. Where preserved, these deposits contain information on the timing and elevation of past ground-water fluctuations. Here we report on the investigation of a series of...
Elevated CO2 enhances biological contributions to elevation change in coastal wetlands by offsetting stressors associated with sea-level rise
J. A. Cherry, K.L. McKee, J.B. Grace
2009, Journal of Ecology (97) 67-77
1. Sea-level rise, one indirect consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, poses a major challenge to long-term stability of coastal wetlands. An important question is whether direct effects of elevated CO 2 on the capacity of marsh plants to accrete organic material and to maintain surface elevations outweigh indirect negative effects...
Effects of an invasive plant on a desert sand dune landscape
C.W. Barrows, E.B. Allen, M.L. Brooks, M.F. Allen
2009, Biological Invasions (11) 673-686
Given the abundance of non-native species invading wildland habitats, managers need to employ informed triage to focus control efforts on weeds with the greatest potential for negative impacts. Our objective here was to determine the level of threat Sahara mustard, Brassica tournefortii, represents to meeting regional goals for protecting biodiversity....
Assessing spatial uncertainty in reservoir characterization for carbon sequestration planning using public well-log data: A case study
E.R. Venteris, K.M. Carter
2009, Environmental Geosciences (16) 211-234
Mapping and characterization of potential geologic reservoirs are key components in planning carbon dioxide (CO2) injection projects. The geometry of target and confining layers is vital to ensure that the injected CO2 remains in a supercritical state and is confined to the target layer. Also, maps of injection volume (porosity)...
Multi-segment earthquakes and tsunami potential of the Aleutian megathrust
I. Shennan, R. Bruhn, George Plafker
2009, Quaternary Science Reviews (28) 7-13
Large to great earthquakes and related tsunamis generated on the Aleutian megathrust produce major hazards for both the area of rupture and heavily populated coastlines around much of the Pacific Ocean. Here we use paleoseismic records preserved in coastal sediments to investigate whether segment boundaries control the largest ruptures or...
Relating groundwater to seasonal wetlands in southeastern Wisconsin, USA
J.D. Skalbeck, D.M. Reed, R. J. Hunt, J.D. Lambert
2009, Hydrogeology Journal (17) 215-228
Historically, drier types of wetlands have been difficult to characterize and are not well researched. Nonetheless, they are considered to reflect the precipitation history with little, if any, regard for possible relation to groundwater. Two seasonal coastal wetland types (wet prairie, sedge meadow) were investigated during three growing seasons at...
