Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging
Jorge E. Osorio, Keith P. Iams, Carol U. Meteyer, Tonie E. Rocke
2009, PLoS ONE (4)
Monkeypox viruses (MPXV) cause human monkeypox, a zoonotic smallpox-like disease endemic to Africa, and are of worldwide public health and biodefense concern. Using viruses from the Congo (MPXV-2003-Congo-358) and West African (MPXV-2003-USA-044) clades, we constructed recombinant viruses that express the luciferase gene (MPXV-Congo/Luc+and MPXV-USA-Luc+) and compared their viral infection in...
Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy
T.H. Prettyman, W. C. Feldman, T.N. Titus
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
Mars' seasonal caps are characterized during Mars years 26 and 27 (April 2002 to January 2006) using data acquired by the 2001 Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. Time-dependent maps of the column abundance of seasonal CO 2 surface ice poleward of 60?? latitude in both hemispheres are determined from spatially deconvolved,...
Using GIS to assess priorities of infrastructure and health needs of colonias along the United States-Mexico border
J.W. Parcher, D.G. Humberson
2009, Journal of Latin American Geography (8) 129-148
Colonias, which are unincorporated border setdements in the United. States, have emerged in rural areas without the governance and services normally provided by local government. Colonia residents live in poverty and lack adequate health care, potable water, and sanitation systems. These conditions create substantial health risks for themselves and surrounding...
Spatial and temporal distributions of Martian north polar cold spots before, during, and after the global dust storm of 2001
C. Cornwall, T.N. Titus
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
In the 1970s, Mariner and Viking observed features in the Mars northern polar region that were a few hundred kilometers in diameter with 20 fj,m brightness temperatures as low as 130 K (considerably below C02 ice sublimation temperatures). Over the past decade, studies have shown that these areas (commonly called...
Relationships between nutritional condition of adult females and relative carrying capacity for rocky mountain Elk
J.R. Piasecke, Louis C. Bender
2009, Rangeland Ecology and Management (62) 145-152
Lactation can have significant costs to individual and population-level productivity because of the high energetic demands it places on dams. Because the difference in condition between lactating and dry Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) cows tends to disappear as nutritional quality rises, the magnitude of that difference could be...
Feeding ecology of arctic-nesting sandpipers during spring migration through the prairie pothole region
J.L. Eldridge, Gary L. Krapu, Douglas H. Johnson
2009, Journal of Wildlife Management (73) 248-252
We evaluated food habits of 4 species of spring-migrant calidrid sandpipers in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota. Sandpipers foraged in several wetland classes and fed primarily on aquatic dipterans, mostly larvae, and the midge family Chironomidae was the primary food eaten. Larger sandpiper species foraged in deeper...
Possible deep fault slip preceding the 2004 Parkfield earthquake, inferred from detailed observations of tectonic tremor
David R. Shelly
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36) 1-6
Earthquake predictability depends, in part, on the degree to which sudden slip is preceded by slow aseismic slip. Recently, observations of deep tremor have enabled inferences of deep slow slip even when detection by other means is not possible, but these data are limited to certain areas and mostly the...
Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars investigation and data set from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's primary science phase
S.L. Murchie, F.P. Seelos, C.D. Hash, D.C. Humm, E. Malaret, J.A. McGovern, T.H. Choo, K.D. Seelos, D.L. Buczkowski, M.F. Morgan, O. S. Barnouin-Jha, H. Nair, H.W. Taylor, G.W. Patterson, C.A. Harvel, J.F. Mustard, R. E. Arvidson, P. McGuire, M. D. Smith, M.J. Wolff, T.N. Titus, J.-P. Bibring, F. Poulet
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (114)
The part of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer (CRISM) for Mars investigation conducted during the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's (MRO's) primary science phase was a comprehensive investigation of past aqueous environments, structure of the planet's crust, past climate, and current meteorology. The measurements to implement this investigation include over 9500 targeted...
Elastic wave speeds and moduli in polycrystalline ice Ih, si methane hydrate, and sll methane-ethane hydrate
M.B. Helgerud, W.F. Waite, S. H. Kirby, A. Nur
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
We used ultrasonic pulse transmission to measure compressional, P, and shear, S, wave speeds in laboratory-formed polycrystalline ice Ih, si methane hydrate, and sll methane-ethane hydrate. From the wave speed's linear dependence on temperature and pressure and from the sample's calculated density, we derived expressions for bulk, shear, and compressional...
A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam
S.A. Wright, C.R. Anderson, N. Voichick
2009, River Research and Applications (25) 675-686
Glen Canyon Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, has affected the physical, biological and cultural resources of the river downstream in Grand Canyon. One of the impacts to the downstream physical environment that has important implications for the aquatic ecosystem is the transformation of the thermal regime...
Fish movement and habitat use depends on water body size and shape
D.A. Woolnough, J. A. Downing, T.J. Newton
2009, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (18) 83-91
Home ranges are central to understanding habitat diversity, effects of fragmentation and conservation. The distance that an organism moves yields information on life history, genetics and interactions with other organisms. Present theory suggests that home range is set by body size of individuals. Here, we analyse estimates of home ranges...
Provenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction analysis
J.D. Ortiz, L. Polyak, J.M. Grebmeier, D. Darby, D. D. Eberl, S. Naidu, D. Nof
2009, Global and Planetary Change (68) 73-84
Sediment clay and silt mineral assemblages provide an excellent means of assessing the provenance of fine-grained Arctic sediment especially when a unique mineral assemblage can be tied to specific source areas. The diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) first derivative measurements and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction (qXRD) on a high-resolution sediment core from...
Unraveling the stratigraphy of the Oriskany Sandstone: A necessity in assessing its site-specific carbon sequestration potential
J. Kostelnik, K.M. Carter
2009, Environmental Geosciences (16) 187-200
The widespread distribution, favorable reservoir characteristics, and depth make the Lower Devonian Oriskany Sandstone a viable sequestration target in the Appalachian Basin. The Oriskany Sandstone is thickest in the structurally complex Ridge and Valley Province, thins toward the northern and western basin margins, and is even absent in other parts...
On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (VS30)
T.I. Allen, D.J. Wald
2009, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (99) 935-943
An alternative method has recently been proposed for evaluating global seismic site conditions, or the average shear velocity to 30 m depth (VS30), from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 arcsec digital elevation models (DEMs). The basic premise of the method is that the topographic slope can be used...
Masticophis flagellum selects florida scrub habitat at multiple spatial scales
B.J. Halstead, H.R. Mushinsky, E.D. McCoy
2009, Herpetologica (65) 268-279
The use of space by individual animals strongly influences the spatial extent, abundance, and growth rates of their populations. We analyzed the spatial ecology and habitat selection of Masticophis flagellum (the coachwhip) at three different scales to determine which habitats are most important to this species. Home ranges and mean...
Visualizing fossilization using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry maps of trace elements in Late Cretaceous bones
A.E. Koenig, R.R. Rogers, C.N. Trueman
2009, Geology (37) 511-514
Elemental maps generated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) provide a previously unavailable high-resolution visualization of the complex physicochemical conditions operating within individual bones during the early stages of diagenesis and fossilization. A selection of LA-ICP-MS maps of bones collected from the Late Cretaceous of Montana (United States) and...
Regional three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California
C. Thurber, H. Zhang, T. Brocher, V. Langenheim
2009, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (114)
We present a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic model of the P wave velocity (Vp) structure of northern California. We employed a regional-scale double-difference tomography algorithm that incorporates a finite-difference travel time calculator and spatial smoothing constraints. Arrival times from earthquakes and travel times from controlled-source explosions, recorded at network and/or temporary...
The SCEC/USGS dynamic earthquake rupture code verification exercise
R.A. Harris, M. Barall, R. Archuleta, E. Dunham, Brad T. Aagaard, J.-P. Ampuero, H. Bhat, Victor M. Cruz-Atienza, L. Dalguer, P. Dawson, S. Day, B. Duan, G. Ely, Y. Kaneko, Y. Kase, N. Lapusta, Yajing Liu, S. Ma, D. Oglesby, K. Olsen, A. Pitarka, S. Song, E. Templeton
2009, Seismological Research Letters (80) 119-126
Numerical simulations of earthquake rupture dynamics are now common, yet it has been difficult to test the validity of these simulations because there have been few field observations and no analytic solutions with which to compare the results. This paper describes the Southern California Earthquake Center/U.S. Geological Survey (SCEC/USGS)...
Mapping potentialy asbestos-bearing rocks using imaging spectroscopy
G.A. Swayze, R.F. Kokaly, C.T. Higgins, J.P. Clinkenbeard, R. N. Clark, H.A. Lowers, S. J. Sutley
2009, Geology (37) 763-766
Rock and soil that may contain naturally occurring asbestos (NOA), a known human carcinogen, were mapped in the Sierra Nevada, California, using the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to determine if these materials could be uniquely identified with spectroscopy. Such information can be used to prepare or refine maps of...
A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: Implications for North Atlantic climate
John T. Andrews, D. Darby, D. Eberle, A. E. Jennings, M. Moros, A. Ogilvie
2009, Holocene (19) 71-77
An important indicator of Holocene climate change is provided by evidence for variations in the extent of drift ice. A proxy for drift ice in Iceland waters is provided by the presence of quartz. Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 mm sediment fraction was undertaken on 16 cores...
Increase in the rate and uniformity of coastline erosion in Arctic Alaska
Benjamin M. Jones, C.D. Arp, M.T. Jorgenson, Kenneth M. Hinkel, Joel A. Schmutz, Paul L. Flint
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
Analysis of a 60 km segment of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast using a time‐series of aerial photography revealed that mean annual erosion rates increased from 6.8 m a−1(1955 to 1979), to 8.7 m a−1 (1979 to 2002), to 13.6 m a−1 (2002 to 2007). We also observed that spatial patterns of...
Parasites of the mink frog (Rana septentrionalis) from Minnesota, U.S.A.
Anna M. Schotthoefer, M. G. Bolek, Rebecca A. Cole, Val R. Beasley
2009, Comparative Parasitology (76) 240-246
Twenty-two mink frogs, Rana septentrionalis, collected from two locations in Minnesota, United States, were examined for helminth and protozoan blood parasites in July 1999. A total of 16 parasite taxa were recovered including 5 larval digenean trematodes, 7 adult digenean trematodes, 3 nematodes, and 1 Trypanosoma species. Infracommunities were dominated by...
Species richness, relative abundance, and habitat associations of nocturnal birds along the rio grande in Southern texas
M.K. Skoruppa, M.C. Woodin, G. Blacklock
2009, Southwestern Naturalist (54) 317-323
The segment of the Rio Grande between International Falcon Reservoir and Del Rio, Texas (distance ca. 350 km), remains largely unexplored ornithologically. We surveyed nocturnal birds monthly during February-June 1998 at 19 stations along the Rio Grande (n = 6) and at upland stock ponds (n = 13) in Webb...
Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation
L.G. Mastin, M. Lisowski, E. Roeloffs, N. Beeler
2009, Geophysical Research Letters (36)
The history of dome growth and geodetic deflation during the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption can be fit to theoretical curves with parameters such as reservoir volume, bubble content, initial overpressure, and magma rheology, here assumed to be Newtonian viscous, with or without a solid plug in the conduit center....
Geochemistry of yukon and copper river tributaries, Alaska
M. Carney, A. Ellis, T. Bullen, J. Langman
2009, Conference Paper, Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers
Alaska is already beginning to be affected by changes in global climate which make it a good location to study the feedback effects between climate, the water cycle and the carbon cycle. Using river dissolved elements and Sr isotopes we examine changes and/or differences in chemical weathering between watersheds in...
