Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater
D.B. Kent, J.A. Davis, J.L. Joye, G.P. Curtis
2008, Environmental Pollution (153) 44-52
Adsorption of Ni and Pb on aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA increased with increasing pH and metal-ion concentration. Adsorption could be described quantitatively using a semi-mechanistic surface complexation model (SCM), in which adsorption is described using chemical reactions between metal ions and adsorption sites. Equilibrium reactive transport simulations...
Food web dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland
D.L. DeAngelis, J.C. Trexler, D.D. Donalson
2008, Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering (5) 877-887
A spatially explicit model is developed to simulate the small fish community and its underlying food web, in the freshwater marshes of the Everglades. The community is simplified to a few small fish species feeding on periphyton and invertebrates. Other compartments are detritus, crayfish, and a piscivorous fish species. This...
Summit CO2 emission rates by the CO2/SO2 ratio method at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, during a period of sustained inflation
S.A. Hager, T.M. Gerlach, P.J. Wallace
2008, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (177) 875-882
The emission rate of carbon dioxide escaping from the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, proved highly variable, averaging 4900 ± 2000 metric tons per day (t/d) in June–July 2003 during a period of summit inflation. These results were obtained by combining over 90 measurements of COSPEC-derived SO2emission rates with synchronous CO2/SO2 ratios of the...
Understanding the relationship between audiomagnetotelluric data and models, and borehole data in a hydrological environment
D.K. McPhee, L. Pellerin
2008, Conference Paper, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts
Audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) data and resulting models are analyzed with respect to geophysical and geological borehole logs in order to clarify the relationship between the two methodologies of investigation of a hydrological environment. Several profiles of AMT data collected in basins in southwestern United States are being used for groundwater exploration...
Complex structure within Saturn's infrared aurora
T. Stallard, S. Miller, M. Lystrup, N. Achilleos, E.J. Bunce, C.S. Arridge, M.K. Dougherty, S.W.H. Cowley, S.V. Badman, D.L. Talboys, R. H. Brown, K. H. Baines, B. J. Buratti, R. N. Clark, Christophe Sotin, P. D. Nicholson, P. Drossart
2008, Nature (456) 214-217
The majority of planetary aurorae are produced by electrical currents flowing between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere which accelerate energetic charged particles that hit the upper atmosphere. At Saturn, these processes collisionally excite hydrogen, causing ultraviolet emission, and ionize the hydrogen, leading to H3+ infrared emission. Although the morphology of...
Techniques, analysis, and noise in a Salt Lake Valley 4D gravity experiment
P. Gettings, David S. Chapman, R. Allis
2008, Geophysics (73)
Repeated high-precision gravity measurements using an automated gravimeter and analysis of time series of 1-Hz samples allowed gravity measurements to be made with an accuracy of 5 ??Gal or better. Nonlinear instrument drift was removed using a new empirical staircase function built from multiple station loops. The new technique was...
Water movement within the unsaturated zone in four agricultural areas of the United States
L.H. Fisher, R. W. Healy
2008, Journal of Environmental Quality (37) 1051-1063
Millions of tons of agricultural fertilizer and pesticides are applied annually in the USA. Due to the potential for these chemicals to migrate to groundwater, a study was conducted in 2004 using field data to calculate water budgets, rates of groundwater recharge and times of water travel through the unsaturated...
'Snake River (SR)-type' volcanism at the Yellowstone hotspot track: Distinctive products from unusual, high-temperature silicic super-eruptions
M.J. Branney, B. Bonnichsen, G.D.M. Andrews, B. Ellis, T.L. Barry, M. McCurry
2008, Bulletin of Volcanology (70) 293-314
A new category of large-scale volcanism, here termed Snake River (SR)-type volcanism, is defined with reference to a distinctive volcanic facies association displayed by Miocene rocks in the central Snake River Plain area of southern Idaho and northern Nevada, USA. The facies association contrasts with those typical of silicic volcanism...
Growth and mortality of coral transplants (Pocillopora damicornis) along a range of sediment influence in Maui, Hawai'i
G.A. Piniak, E.K. Brown
2008, Pacific Science (62) 39-55
Fragments of the lace coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) were transplanted to four sites on the south-central coast of Maui, Hawai'i, to examine coral growth over a range of expected sediment influence. Corals remained in situ for 11 months and were recovered seasonally for growth measurements using the buoyant weight...
Isotope geochemistry of mercury in source rocks, mineral deposits and spring deposits of the California Coast Ranges, USA
C.N. Smith, S.E. Kesler, J.D. Blum, J. J. Rytuba
2008, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (269) 398-406
We present here the first study of the isotopic composition of mercury in rocks, ore deposits, and active spring deposits from the California Coast Ranges, a part of Earth's crust with unusually extensive evidence of mercury mobility and enrichment. The Franciscan Complex and Great Valley Sequence, which form the bedrock...
Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado
J.W. Sahl, R. Schmidt, E.D. Swanner, K.W. Mandernack, A.S. Templeton, Thomas L. Kieft, R. L. Smith, W. E. Sanford, R.L. Callaghan, J.B. Mitton, J.R. Spear
2008, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (74) 143-152
A microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on borehole water and a granite rock core from Henderson Mine, a >1,000-meter-deep molybdenum mine near Empire, CO. Chemical analysis of borehole water at two separate depths (1,044 m and 1,004 m below the mine...
Influences of fragmentation on three species of native warmwater fishes in a Colorado River Basin headwater stream system, Wyoming
R.I. Compton, W.A. Hubert, F.J. Rahel, M.C. Quist, M.R. Bower
2008, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (28) 1733-1743
We investigated the effects of constructed instream structures on movements and demographics of bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth suckers C. latipinnis, and roundtail chub Gila robusta in the upstream portion of Muddy Creek, an isolated headwater stream system in the upper Colorado River basin of Wyoming. Our objectives were to...
Assessing manure management strategies through small-plot research and whole-farm modeling
A.M. Garcia, T.L. Veith, P.J.A. Kleinman, C.A. Rotz, L.S. Saporito
2008, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (63) 204-211
Plot-scale experimentation can provide valuable insight into the effects of manure management practices on phosphorus (P) runoff, but whole-farm evaluation is needed for complete assessment of potential trade offs. Artificially-applied rainfall experimentation on small field plots and event-based and long-term simulation modeling were used to compare P loss in runoff...
Limited change in dune mobility in response to a large decrease in wind power in semi-arid northern China since the 1970s
J.A. Mason, J. B. Swinehart, H. Lu, X. Miao, P. Cha, Y. Zhou
2008, Geomorphology (102) 351-363
The climatic controls on dune mobility, especially the relative importance of wind strength, remain incompletely understood. This is a key research problem in semi-arid northern China, both for interpreting past dune activity as evidence of paleoclimate and for predicting future environmental change. Potential eolian sand transport, which is approximately proportional...
An improved state-parameter analysis of ecosystem models using data assimilation
M. Chen, S. Liu, L.L. Tieszen, D.Y. Hollinger
2008, Ecological Modelling (219) 317-326
Much of the effort spent in developing data assimilation methods for carbon dynamics analysis has focused on estimating optimal values for either model parameters or state variables. The main weakness of estimating parameter values alone (i.e., without considering state variables) is that all errors from input, output, and model structure...
Assessing habitat use by breeding Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) on the Upper Mississippi River, USA
E.M. Kirsch, B. Ickes, D.A. Olsen
2008, Waterbirds (31) 252-267
Approximately 7,610 to 3,175 pairs of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) nested along 420 river km of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) from 1993 to 2003. Numbers declined precipitously in the mid-1990s stabilizing somewhat in the early 2000s. The average number of nests in colonies was 349 (SD =...
Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA
G. F. Wieczorek, Gregory M. Stock, P. Reichenbach, J.B. Snyder, J. W. Borchers, J. W. Godt
2008, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (8) 421-432
Since 1857 more than 600 rock falls, rock slides, debris slides, and debris flows have been documented in Yosemite National Park, with rock falls in Yosemite Valley representing the majority of the events. On 26 December 2003, a rock fall originating from west of Glacier Point sent approximately 200 m...
A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests
T.B. Jain, W.A. Gould, R.T. Graham, D. S. Pilliod, L.B. Lentile, G. Gonzalez
2008, Conference Paper, Ambio
Methods for evaluating the impact of fires within tropical forests are needed as fires become more frequent and human populations and demands on forests increase. Short- and long-term fire effects on soils are determined by the prefire, fire, and postfire environments. We placed these components within a fire-disturbance continuum to...
Common relationships among proximate composition components in fishes
K.J. Hartman, F.J. Margraf
2008, Journal of Fish Biology (73) 2352-2360
Relationships between the various body proximate components and dry matter content were examined for five species of fishes, representing anadromous, marine and freshwater species: chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix and striped bass Morone saxatilis. The dry matter content or per...
Constitutive relationships and physical basis of fault strength due to flash heating
N.M. Beeler, T.E. Tullis, D.L. Goldsby
2008, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (113)
We develop a model of fault strength loss resulting from phase change at asperity contacts due to flash heating that considers a distribution of contact sizes and nonsteady state evolution of fault strength with displacement. Laboratory faulting experiments conducted at high sliding velocities, which show dramatic strength reduction below the...
Linking environmental risk assessment and communication: An experiment in co-evolving scientific and social knowledge
E.A. Graffy, N.L. Booth
2008, International Journal of Global Environmental Issues (8) 132-146
Dissemination of information to decision-makers and enhanced methods of public participation are often put forward as antidotes to a perceived disconnect between risk assessment and risk communication in the public domain. However, mechanisms that support both the provision of routine, timely and relevant technical knowledge to the public and meaningful...
Conservation genetics of Lake Superior brook trout: Issues, questions, and directions
C.C. Wilson, W. Stott, L. Miller, S. D’Amelio, Martin J. Jennings, A.M. Cooper
2008, Conference Paper, North American Journal of Fisheries Management
Parallel efforts by several genetic research groups have tackled common themes relating to management concerns about and recent rehabilitation opportunities for coaster brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Lake Superior. The questions that have been addressed include the evolutionary and genetic status of coaster brook trout, the degree of relatedness among...
Failure mechanism of shear-wall dominant multi-story buildings
S.B. Yuksel, E. Kalkan
2008, Conference Paper, WIT Transactions on the Built Environment
The recent trend in the building industry of Turkey as well as in many European countries is towards utilizing the tunnel form (shear-wall dominant) construction system for development of multi-story residential units. The tunnel form buildings diverge from other conventional reinforced concrete (RC) buildings due to the lack of beams...
Historical changes in the Mississippi-Alabama barrier-island chain and the roles of extreme storms, sea level, and human activities
Robert A Morton
2008, Journal of Coastal Research (246) 1587-1600
Barrier-island chains worldwide are undergoing substantial changes, and their futures remain uncertain. An historical analysis of a barrier-island chain in the north-central Gulf of Mexico shows that the Mississippi barriers are undergoing rapid systematic land loss and translocation associated with: (1) unequal lateral transfer of sand related to greater updrift...
DNA vaccine protects ornamental koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) against North American spring viremia of carp virus
E.J. Emmenegger, Gael Kurath
2008, Vaccine (26) 6415-6421
The emergence of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in the United States constitutes a potentially serious alien pathogen threat to susceptible fish stocks in North America. A DNA vaccine with an SVCV glycoprotein (G) gene from a North American isolate was constructed. In order to test the vaccine a...
