Physical and chemical characteristics of warmwater streams: A review
P. V. Winger
Louis A. Krumholz, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, The Warmwater Streams Symposium: a national symposium on fisheries aspects of warmwater streams : proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 9-11 March, 1980
Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey
P.H. Geissler, B.R. Noon
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
One of the major purposes of bird population studies is to document changes in population size over a period of years. The traditional method used in Europe and North America to detect population change is to calculate annual ratios. However, this method can produce spurious results when ratios...
Interpreting population estimates of birds following pesticide applications--behavior of male starlings exposed to an organophosphate pesticide
C.E. Grue, B.J. Shipley
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
We determined activity budgets for 10 pairs of captive male Starlings between 7 May and 18 July 1980. Our objective was to quantify changes in behavior after exposure to an organophosphate (OP) pesticide and to assess the impact of changes in behavior on the interpretation of population estimates of birds...
Sampling in rugged terrain
D.K. Dawson
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Work in rugged terrain poses some unique problems that should be considered before research is initiated. Besides the obvious physical difficulties of crossing uneven terrain, topography can influence the bird species? composition of a forest and the observer's ability to detect birds and estimate distances. Census results can also be...
A funding source for sandhill crane research: The Accelerated Research Program for Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds
R.A. Coon, T.J. Dwyer
J. C. Lewis, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Proceedings of the 1981 Crane Workshop
Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife
A. D. Geis
Ron R. Odom, J.W. Guthrie, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Proceedings of the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium, August 13-14, 1981, Athens, Georgia
The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey
C. A. Faanes, D. Bystrak
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Ornithologists sampling breeding bird populations are subject to a number of biases in bird recognition and identification. Using Breeding Bird Survey data, these biases are examined qualitatively and quantitatively, and their effects on counts are evaluated. Differences in hearing ability and degree of expertise are the major observer biases...
Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
W. N. Beyer
1981, Book chapter, Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1.
The toxicity of metals to earthworms and the residues of metals found in earthworms are reviewed. Meta 1 concentrations are rarely high enough to be toxic to worms, but copper may reduce populations in orchards heavily treated with fungicides and in soil contaminated with pig wastes. The metals in some...
The North American Breeding Bird Survey
D. Bystrak
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
A brief history of the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and a discussion of the technique are presented. The approximately 2000 random roadside routes conducted yearly during the breeding season throughout North America produce an enormous bank of data on distribution and abundance of breeding birds with great potential...
Methods of detecting and counting raptors: A review
M.R. Fuller, J. A. Mosher
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Most raptors are wide-ranging, secretive, and occur at relatively low densities. These factors, in conjunction with the nocturnal activity of owls, cause the counting of raptors by most standard census and survey efforts to be very time consuming and expensive. This paper reviews the most common methods of...
Physiology of the eggshell thinning response to DDE
S. Haseltine, T. Peterle, L. Nagode, A. Parsons, S. Lustick
1981, Book chapter, XII Congress of the International Union of Game Biologists, 1975.
[Comments on] 'A windshield and multivariate approach to the classification, inventory, and evaluation of wildlife habitat: An exploratory study,' by C.E. Grue, R.R. Reid, and N.J. Silvy
P.H. Geissler
David E. Capen, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, The Use of Multivariate Statistics in Studies of Wildlife Habitat
Problems in separating species with similar habits and vocalizations
C.S. Robbins, R.W. Stallcup
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
The possibilities for species misidentification based on vocalization or habitat association are high. However, the magnitude of the errors actually perpetrated is generally within an acceptable range in most types of bird survey work. Examples of problems discussed are: congeners that are similar in appearance or in song (such...
Bird activity levels related to weather
C.S. Robbins
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
The Breeding Bird Survey data bank serves as a primary source for studying effects of sky cover, wind speed, and temperature on bird census results. Other standardized methods, such as spot-mapping (Breeding Bird Census), point counts, banding, and the Winter Bird Survey, provide additional, but limited, means of assessing...
Discriminant analysis in wildlife research: Theory and applications
B. Kenneth Williams
D.E. Capen, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, The Use of Multivariate Statistics in Studies of Wildlife Habitat
Discriminant analysis, a method of analyzing grouped multivariate data, is often used in ecological investigations. It has both a predictive and an explanatory function, the former aiming at classification of individuals of unknown group membership. The goal of the latter function is to exhibit group separation by means of linear...
Techniques for sampling avian habitats
B.R. Noon
David E. Capen, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, The use of multivariate statistics in studies of wildlife habitat
Polychlorinated biphenyls in a wild mink population
T. J. O'Shea, T. E. Kaiser, G.R. Askins, J.A. Chapman
Joseph A. Chapman, Duane Pursley, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings: August 3-11, 1980, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in wild mink and river otters from Oregon
Charles J. Henny, L. J. Blus, S.V. Gregory, C. J. Stafford
Joseph A. Chapman, Duane Pursley, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings: August 3-11, 1980, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
Mink (Mustela vison) and river otters (Lutra canadensis) collected during the 1978-1979 trapping season in Oregon were analyzed for organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues. PCB residues were most frequently encountered in both species from the Lower Columbia River. PCB residues in 6 of 9 Columbia River mink livers...
Remarks on the use of mark-recapture methodology in estimating avian population size
J.D. Nichols, B.R. Noon, S.L. Stokes, J.E. Hines
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Analysis of bird survey data using a modification of Emlen's method
F. L. Ramsey, J. M. Scott
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Reproductive tests of diazinon on bobwhite quail
K. L. Stromborg
D.W. Lamb, E.E. Kenaga, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology: Second Conference
Diazinon was fed at sublethal levels to reproductively active bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Thirty pairs were given constant concentrations (0, 35. 50, 72, 104, or 150 ppm) for 3 weeks (Constant group). Another 30 pairs (Pair-fed group) were matched to these by body weights and were fed the amounts of untreated...
Formalin preservation of avian blood for organochlorine analysis
C. J. Stafford, W. H. Stickel
D.W. Lamb, E.E. Kenaga, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology: Second Conference
Blood biopsy for chemical analysis is a valuable technique for evaluating chemical exposure of birds in the wild without harming the birds. Field conditions, however, often make sample storage difficult. Better methods than freezing are needed to improve the interpretive value of chemical analysis of the sample....
The fauna of bottomland hardwoods in southeastern United States
C.H. Wharton, V.W. Lambou, J. Newsom, P. V. Winger, L.L. Gaddy, R. Mancke
J. R. Clark, J. Benforado, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Developments in Agricultural and Managed Forest Ecology
Diagnostic brain residues of dieldrin: Some new insights
G. H. Heinz, R.W. Johnson
D.W. Lamb, E.E. Kenaga, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology, Second Conference: a symposium
Forty adult male cowbirds were fed a diet containing 20 ppm dieldrin; 20 of the birds were randomly selected to die from dieldrin poisoning and 20 were sacrificed when dieldrin had made them too sick to eat. An average of 6.8 ppm dieldrin (range of 1.51 to 11.7) in the...
Inorganic and organic mercury chloride toxicity to Coturnix: sensitivity related to age and quantal assessment of physiologic responses
E. F. Hill
1981, Book
The toxicities of mercuric chloride (HgCl(,2)) and methylmercuric chloride (CH(,3)HgCl) were compared for coturnix (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from hatching to adulthood. Comparisons were based on: (1) Median lethal dosages (LD50) derived by administering single peroral and single intramuscular dosages of mercury, (2) median lethal concentrations (LC50) derived by feeding mercury...
