Soil texture and precipitation seasonality influence plant community structure in North American temperate shrub steppe
Rachel R. Renne, John B. Bradford, Ingrid C. Burke, William K. Lauenroth
2019, Ecology (100)
In drylands, the coexistence of grasses and woody plants has been attributed to soil‐water resource partitioning. Soil texture and precipitation seasonality can influence the amount and distribution of water in the soil, and their interaction may play an important role in determining the relative importance of grasses and woody plants....
FLUXNET-CH4 synthesis activity: Objectives, observations, and future directions
Sara H. Knox, Robert B. Jackson, Benjamin Poulter, Gavin McNicol, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Zhen Zhang, Gustaf Hugelius, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G Canadell, Marielle Saunois, Dario Papale, Housen Chu, Trevor F. Keenan, Dennis Baldocchi, Margaret S. Torn, Ivan Mammarella, Carlo Trotta, Mika Aurela, Gil Bohrer, David I. Campbell, Alessandro Cescatti, Samuel D. Chamberlain, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Thomas Friborg, Daniele Gasbarra, Ignacio Goded, Mathias Goeckede, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Takashi Hirano, David Y. Hollinger, Hiroki Iwata, Minseok Kang, Janina Klatt, Ken Krauss, Lars Kutzbach, Annalea Lohila, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H Morin, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Asko Noormets, Walter C. Oechel, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Karina V R Schafer, Hans Peter Schmid, Narasinha Shurpali, Oliver Sonnentag, Angela C I Tang, Masahito Ueyama, Rodrigo Vargas, Timo Vesala, Eric Ward, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Georg Wohlfahrt, Donatella Zona
2019, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (100) 2607-2632
This paper describes the formation of, and initial results for, a new FLUXNET coordination network for ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) measurements at 60 sites globally, organized by the Global Carbon Project in partnership with other initiatives and regional flux tower networks. The objectives of the effort are presented along with an...
Editorial: Synthetic Aperture Radar and natural hazards: Applications and outlooks
Federico Di Traglia, Andrea Ciampalini, Giuseppe Pezzo, Maurizio Battaglia
2019, Frontiers in Earth Science (7)
The ability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to image the Earth’s surface, even through dense cloud cover and in night-and-day conditions, can facilitate the evaluation and monitoring of natural hazards and the management of natural disasters. The family of SAR satellite sensors orbits the Earth at an altitude ranging from...
Improved implementation of rupture location uncertainty in fault displacement hazard assessment
Rui Chen, Mark D. Petersen
2019, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (109) 2132-2137
This short note proposes an improvement to the implementation of uncertainty associated with rupture location from future earthquakes in probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis. Location uncertainty leads to nonzero primary fault displacement near a mapped fault. With the improved implementation of location uncertainty, estimated fault displacement hazard at a given...
Hydroacoustic, meteorologic and seismic observations of the 2016 Nansen Ice Shelf calving event and iceberg formation
Robert Dziak, W. S. Lee, Joe Haxel, Haru Matsumoto, Gabrielle Tepp, T-K Lau, Lauren Roche, S H Yun, C. K. Lee, J. Y. Lee, S.T. Yoon
2019, Frontiers in Earth Science (7)
On 7 April 2016, the Nansen Ice Shelf (NIS) front calved into two icebergs, the first large-scale calving event in >30 years. Three hydrophone moorings were deployed seaward of the NIS in December 2015 and over the following months recorded hundreds of short duration, broadband (10-400 Hz) cryogenic signals, likely...
Northern forest winters have lost cold, snowy conditions that are important for ecosystems and human communities
Alexandra R Contosta, Nora J. Casson, Sarah Garlick, Sarah J. Nelson, Matthew P Ayers, Elizabet A Buralkowski, John Campbell, Irean Creed, Catharine Eimers, Celia Evans, Ivan Fernandez, Collin Fuss, Thomas G. Huntington, Kaizad Pate, Rebecca Sanders-DeMott, Kyongo Son, Pamela H. Templer, Darren Thornbrugh
2019, Ecological Applications (29)
Winter is an understudied but key period for the socio-ecological systems of northeastern North American forests. A growing awareness of the importance of the winter season to forest ecosystems and surrounding communities has inspired several decades of research, both across the northern forest and at other mid- and high-latitude ecosystems...
Intensity and impact of the New York Railroad superstorm of May 1921
Jeffrey J. Love, Hisashi Hayakawa, Edward W. Cliver
2019, Space Weather (17) 1281-1292
Analysis is made of low‐latitude ground‐based magnetometer data recording the magnetic superstorm of May 1921. By inference, the storm was driven by a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections, one of which produced a maximum pressure on the magnetopause of ~64.5 nPa, sufficient to compress the subsolar magnetopause radius to...
Geographic context affects the landscape change and fragmentation caused by wind energy facilities
James E. Diffendorfer, Monica Dorning, Jolene Keen, Louisa Kramer, Robert Taylor
2019, PeerJ (7)
Wind energy generation causes transformation of landscapes as new roads, pads, and transmission lines are constructed. Limiting the landscape change and fragmentation caused by these facilities likely minimizes impacts to biodiversity and sensitive wildlife species. We examined the effects of wind energy facilities’ geographic context on changes in landscape patterns....
Individual behaviour and resource use of thermally stressed brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis portend the conservation potential of thermal refugia
Shannon L. White, B.C. Kline, Nathaniel Hitt, Tyler Wagner
2019, Journal of Fish Biology (95) 1061-1071
Individual aggression and thermal refuge use were monitored in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in a controlled laboratory to determine how fish size and personality influence time spent in forage and thermal habitat patches during periods of thermal stress. On average, larger and more exploratory fish initiated more aggressive interactions and across all...
Triangle area water supply monitoring project, North Carolina-Summary of monitoring activities, quality assurance, and data, October 2015–September 2017
Cassandra A. Pfeifle, Jessica L. Cain, Ryan B. Rasmussen
2019, Open-File Report 2019-1077
Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of...
Application of multiple-population viability analysis to evaluate species recovery alternatives
Helen M. Neville, Douglas R. Leasure, Daniel C. Dauwalter, Jason B. Dunham, Robin Bjork, Kurt A. Fesenmyer, Nathan Chelgren, Mary M. Peacock, Charles H. Luce, Daniel J. Isaak, Lee Ann Carranza, Jon Sjoberg, Seth J. Wenger
2019, Conservation Biology (34) 482-493
Population viability analysis (PVA) is a powerful conservation tool, but one that remains unapproachable for many species. This is particularly true for species with multiple, broadly-distributed populations for which collecting suitable data can be challenging. A recently-developed method of multiple population viability analysis (MPVA), however, addresses many limitations...
Influences of potential oil and gas development and future climate on Sage-grouse declines and redistribution
Julie A. Heinrichs, Michael S. O’Donnell, Cameron L. Aldridge, Steven L. Garman, Collin G. Homer
2019, Ecological Applications (29)
Multiple environmental stressors impact wildlife populations, but we often know little about their cumulative and combined influences on population outcomes. We generally know more about past effects than potential future impacts, and direct influences such as changes of habitat footprints than indirect, long-term responses...
Spatial capture-recapture reveals age- and sex-specific survival and movement in stream amphibians
R. Ken Honeycutt, Justin M Garwood, Winsor H. Lowe, Blake R. Hossack
2019, Oecologia (190) 821-833
Life history information sets the foundation for our understanding of ecology and conservation requirements. For many species, this information is lacking even for basic demographic rates such as survival and movement. When survival and movement estimates are available, they are often derived from mixed demographic groups and do not consider...
Biocrust science and global change
Sasha C. Reed, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Scott Ferrenberg
2019, New Phytologist (223) 1047-1051
Global environmental changes such as climate and land‐use change affect ecosystems worldwide, and this New Phytologist Virtual Issue brings together fundamental research questions and novel approaches associated with the study of biological soil crusts in the context of such shifts. In a changing world, organisms can display a limited set...
Assessment of continuous oil resources in the Eastern Great Basin Province of Nevada, Utah, and Idaho, 2018
Christopher J. Schenk, Tracey J. Mercier, Cheryl A. Woodall, Thomas M. Finn, Stephanie B. Gaswirth, Kristen R. Marra, Phuong A. Le, Michael E. Brownfield, Heidi M. Leathers-Miller, Ronald M. Drake II, Scott A. Kinney
2019, Fact Sheet 2019-3002
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous oil and gas resources in the Eastern Great Basin Province (Anna and others, 2007) of Nevada, Utah, and Idaho (fig. 1). The assessment focused on the area of the province between the Roberts Mountains and Sevier thrust systems (Peterson, 1994). The...
Estimating minimum streamflow from measurements at ungauged sites in regions with streamflow‐gauging networks
Christopher P. Konrad
2019, Hydrological Processes (33) 2057-2067
Estimation of low flows in rivers continues to be a vexing problem despite advances in statistical and process‐based hydrological models. We develop a method to estimate minimum streamflow at seasonal to annual timescales from measured streamflow based on regional similarity in the deviations of daily streamflow from minimum streamflow for a period of interest....
Offshore shallow structure and sediment distribution, Point Sur to Point Arguello, central California
Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, Jeffrey W. Beeson, Peter Dartnell
2019, Open-File Report 2018-1158
This publication consists of three map sheets that display shallow geologic structure, along with sediment distribution and thickness, for an about 225-km-long offshore section of the central California coast between Point Sur and Point Arguello. Each map sheet includes three maps, at scales of either 1:150,000 or 1:200,000, as well...
Observations of American Shad Alosa sapidissima approaching and using a vertical slot fishway at the head-of-tide Brunswick Dam on the Androscoggin River, Maine
Daniel M. Weaver, Michael Brown, Joseph D. Zydlewski
2019, Fisheries Bulletin (39) 989-998
American Shad Alosa sapidissima have historically supported an important fishery along the Atlantic coastal waters of North America. However, the construction of dams reduced populations and restricted landings. Fishways are intended to mitigate obstacles to anadromous fish migrations, but a thorough evaluation of their efficiency is warranted. We...
Age truncation of alewife in Lake Michigan
T. Vidal, Brian J. Irwin, Charles P. Madenjian, S. J. Wenger
2019, Journal of Great Lakes Research (45) 958-968
Empirical evidence has shown increased variability in harvest and recruitment of exploited fish populations, which can result directly from exploitation or indirectly from interactions between external drivers and the internal dynamics of age-structured populations. We investigated whether predation in a freshwater...
Environmental DNA assays for invasive populations of the Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus, in North America
Xin Guan, E.M. Monroe, K.D. Bockrath, Erica L. Mize, C.B. Rees, Denise L. Lindsay, Kelly L. Baerwaldt, Leo Nico, Richard F. Lance
2019, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (148) 1043-1055
The Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus, is an increasingly widespread invasive species in North America that threatens freshwater mussel populations. We developed four qPCR assays for detecting environmental DNA (eDNA) from these Black Carp populations. Assays were designed to target four mitochondrial DNA loci and were based on 34 complete mitochondrial...
Diel feeding behavior in a partially migrant Mysis population: A benthic-pelagic comparison
Brian O’Malley, Jason D. Stockwell
2019, Food Webs (20)
Populations that exhibit partial migration include migrants and non-migrants. For benthic-pelagic organisms that exhibit partial diel vertical migration (PDVM), migrants and non-migrants spend different amounts of time in benthic and pelagic foraging arenas over a diel cycle. For example, mysids exhibit PDVM and can feed on benthic and pelagic resources....
Cohesive framework for modeling plant cover class data
Kathryn Irvine, Wilson J. Wright, Erin K. Shanahan, Thomas J. Rodhouse
2019, Methods in Ecology and Evolution (10) 1749-1760
The study of plant distribution and abundance is a fundamental pursuit in ecology and conservation biology. Measuring plant abundance by visually assessing percent cover and recording a cover class is a common field method that yields ordinal data. Statistical models for ordinal data exist but entail cumbersome interpretations and...
Crustal architecture beneath the southern Midcontinent (USA) and controls on Mesoproterozoic iron-oxide mineralization from 3D geophysical models
Anne E. McCafferty, Jeffrey D. Phillips, Albert H. Hofstra, Warren C. Day
2019, Ore Geology Reviews (111)
Several types of critical mineral-bearing ore deposits in the southern Midcontinent region of the U.S. are hosted in Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks largely concealed beneath Paleozoic cover. Discerning the architecture of igneous intrusions and volcanic centers in the crust is fundamental to understanding the geologic evolution of this vast region and...
Spatiotemporal variability in energetic condition of alewife and round goby in Lake Michigan
David Bunnell, Steven A. Pothoven, Patricia Dieter, Lauren A. Eaton, David Warner, Ashley K. Elgin, Lyuba E. Burlakova, Alexander Y. Karatayev
2019, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (76) 1982-1992
Pelagic-oriented alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and benthic-oriented round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) are two important prey fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In 2015, we evaluated their seasonal total energy (TE) across nine Lake Michigan transects. Round goby contained at least 48% more kilojoules of TE than alewife of equal length during...
Thermotectonic history of the Kluane Ranges and evolution of the eastern Denali Fault Zone in southwestern Yukon, Canada
Robert G. McDermott, Alexis K. Ault, Jonathan S. Caine, Stuart N. Thomson
2019, Tectonics (38) 2983-3010
Exhumation and landscape evolution along strike‐slip fault systems reflect tectonic processes that accommodate and partition deformation in orogenic settings. We present 17 new apatite (U‐Th)/He (He), zircon He, apatite fission‐track (FT), and zircon FT dates from the eastern Denali fault zone (EDFZ) that bounds the Kluane Ranges in Yukon, Canada....
