Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal
J. S. Stuckless
1986, Chemical Geology (55) 215-225
Concentrations of U, Th and Pb, and the isotopic composition of Pb for whole-rock samples of granitoids show: (1) that open-system behavior is nearly universal in the surface and near-surface environment; and (2) that elemental mobility is possible to depths of several hundred meters. Several identified or at least postulated...
DEBRIS FLOWS AND HYPERCONCENTRATED STREAMFLOWS.
Gerald F. Wieczorek
1986, Conference Paper
Examination of recent debris-flow and hyperconcentrated-streamflow events in the western United States reveals (1) the topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and vegetative conditions that affect initiation of debris flows and (2) the wide ranging climatic conditions that can trigger debris flows. Recognition of these physiographic and climatic conditions has aided development of...
Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982
T.M. Gerlach, T. J. Casadevall
1986, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (28) 107-140
The Mount St. Helens fumarole gases show linear composition trends during periods of noneruptive degassing between September 1980 and October 1981. The trends are characterized by increasing H2O and decreasing CO2 and sulfur. Maximum fumarole temperatures also show a linear decrease during this period. High-temperature fumarole gases collected from the...
Recent patterns of sulfate variability in pristine streams
H.F. Lins
1986, Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics (20) 367-375
Systematic modes of spatial and temporal variation in a 13-y record of stream sulfate from a nationwide network of headwater sampling stations are defined using principal components. Based on the undisturbed nature of the sampling network, it is suggested that these modes of stream sulfate variability are analogues for variations...
PHREATOPHYTE WATER USE ESTIMATED BY EDDY-CORRELATION METHODS.
H. L. Weaver, E.P. Weeks, G. S. Campbell, D.I. Stannard, B.D. Tanner
1986, Conference Paper
Water-use was estimated for three phreatophyte communities: a saltcedar community and an alkali-Sacaton grass community in New Mexico, and a greasewood rabbit-brush-saltgrass community in Colorado. These water-use estimates were calculated from eddy-correlation measurements using three different analyses, since the direct eddy-correlation measurements did not satisfy a surface energy balance. The...
A comparison of several methods for the solution of the inverse problem in two-dimensional steady state groundwater flow modeling
Logan K. Kuiper
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 705-714
Two geostatistical approaches for the estimation of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head from hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head measurements are developed for two-dimensional steady flow with sinks. For both approaches the field of the logarithm of hydraulic conductivity (log-conductivity) is represented as a random field with mean θ1+θ2x+θ3y where xand y denote Cartesian coordinates,...
Stochastic analysis of three-dimensional flow in a bounded domain
R.L. Naff, A. V. Vecchia
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 695-704
A commonly accepted first-order approximation of the equation for steady state flow in a fully saturated spatially random medium has the form of Poisson's equation. This form allows for the advantageous use of Green's functions to solve for the random output (hydraulic heads) in terms of a convolution over the...
Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium
David W. Pollock
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 765-775
Many parts of the Great Basin have thick zones of unsaturated alluvium which might be suitable for disposing of high-level radioactive wastes. A mathematical model accounting for the coupled transport of energy, water (vapor and liquid), and dry air was used to analyze one-dimensional, vertical transport above and below an...
RAINFALL-LOSS PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR ILLINOIS.
Linda S. Weiss, Audrey L. Ishii
1986, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey is currently conducting an investigation to estimate values of parameters for two rainfall-loss computation methods used in a commonly used flood-hydrograph model. Estimates of six rainfall-loss parameters are required: four for the Exponential Loss-Rate method and two for the Initial and Uniform Loss-Rate method. Multiple...
Europa: Characterization and interpretation of global spectral surface units
M. L. Nelson, T. B. McCord, Roger N. Clark, T. V. Johnson, D. L. Matson, J. A. Mosher, Laurence A. Soderblom
1986, Icarus (65) 129-151
The Voyager global multispectral mosaic of the Galilean satellite Europa (T. V. Johnson, L. A. Soderblom, J. A. Mosher, G. E. Danielson, A. F. Cook, and P. Kupferman, 1983, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 5789–5805) was analyzed to map surface units with similar optical properties (T. B. McCord, M. L. Nelson, R. N. Clark,...
Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales. Part 1: Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance
L.C. Price, T. Daws, M. Pawlewicz
1986, Journal of Petroleum Geology (9) 125-162
Detailed organic geochemistry has been performed on a large number of Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and 28 oils mainly from Mississippian Madison Group rocks from different basinal areas. Here we report results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) analyses....
RECOVERY OF FRESHWATER STORED IN SALINE AQUIFERS IN PENINSULAR FLORIDA.
Michael L. Merritt
1986, Conference Paper
Subsurface freshwater storage has been operationally tested at seven sites in central and south Florida. Injection was into a high chloride water aquifer at six sites, and into a high sulfate water aquifer at the seventh. Recovery efficiency has ranged from 0 to 75 percent in high chloride water aquifers,...
SIMULATION OF FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS FOR GEORGIA STREAMS.
E. J. Inman, J.T. Armbruster
1986, Transportation Research Record 15-23
Flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures and embankments. A method for simulating these flood hydrographs at urban and rural ungauged sites in Georgia is presented. The O'Donnell method was used to compute unit hydrographs from 355 flood events from 80 stations. An average unit...
A case study of soil gases as an exploration guide in glaciated terrain: Crandon massive sulfide deposit, Wisconsin
J. Howard McCarthy, R. N. Lambe, John A. Dietrich
1986, Economic Geology (81) 408-420
The Crandon massive sulfide deposit is covered by as much as 65 m of glacial drift. Soil gas was sampled at a depth of 0.5 m along several traverses over the deposit. Gases showing anomalies that correlate with the underlying deposit include CO 2 , CH 4 , and O 2 . CO 2 and CH 4 show positive anomalies...
HOLOCENE AND LATE PLEISTOCENE(? ) EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SAND BLOWS IN COASTAL SOUTH CAROLINA.
S. F. Obermeier, R. B. Jacobson, D.S. Powars, R.E. Weems, D.C. Hallbick, G. S. Gohn, H. W. Markewich
1986, Conference Paper
Multiple generations of prehistoric sand blows, interpreted as earthquake induced, have been discovered throughout coastal South Carolina. These sand blows extend far beyond 1886 earthquake induced sand blows, in sediments having approximately the same liquefaction susceptibility. The seismic source zone for the prehistoric sand blows is unknown. The different distributions...
Geostatistical analysis of gas potential in Devonian shales of West Virginia
M.E. Hohn, D. W. Neal
1986, Computers & Geosciences (12) 611-617
The geologic processes that control the occurrence of gas in the Devonian shales of West Virginia are understood poorly. Locating a new Devonian shale well may depend upon proximity to known producing wells. Maps of initial potentials and probability of success can play an important role in exploration and development....
Finite-difference grid for a doublet well in an anisotropic aquifer
R. T. Miller, C.I. Voss
1986, Ground Water (24) 490-496
The U.S. Geological Survey is modeling hydraulic flow and thermal-energy transport at a two-well injection/ withdrawal system in St. Paul, Minnesota. The design of the finite-difference model grid for the doublet-well system is complicated because the aquifer is anisotropic and the principal axes of transmissivity are not aligned with the...
Limitations in the use of commercial humic acids in water and soil research
Ronald L. Malcolm, P. MacCarthy
1986, Environmental Science & Technology (20) 904-911
Seven samples of commercial "humic acids", purchased from five different suppliers, were studied, and their characteristics were compared with humic and fulvic acids isolated from streams, soils, peat, leonardite, and a dopplerite sample. Cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy clearly shows pronounced differences between the commercial materials and all...
U-Pb geochronology of two augen gneiss terranes, Idaho: New data and tectonic implications
K. V. Evans, L. B. Fischer
1986, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (23) 1919-1927
U–Pb isotopic analyses of cogenetic zircon suites revise the ages of two augen gneiss terranes in central and northern Idaho. The augen gneiss of Priest River yields an upper-intercept concordia age for only moderately discordant zircons of 1576 ± 13 Ma; there is no evidence of an inherited xenocrystic lead component. Because this...
Quantitative estimation of undiscovered mineral resources: A case study of US Forest Service Wilderness tracts in the Pacific Mountain system
L.J. Drew, J. D. Bliss, R. W. Bowen, N.J. Bridges, Dennis P. Cox, J. H. DeYoung, J.C. Houghton, Steven D. Ludington, W. D. Menzie, Norman J. Page, D. H. Root, Donald A. Singer
1986, Economic Geology (81) 80-88
The need by land managers and planners for more quantitative measures of mineral values has prompted scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey to test a probabilistic method of mineral resource assessment on a portion of the wilderness lands that have been studied by the Survey during the past 20 years....
Snow chemistry of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains
L.B. Laird, Howard E. Taylor, V. C. Kennedy
1986, Environmental Science & Technology (20) 275-290
This investigation assesses geographic variations in atmospheric deposition in Washington, Oregon, and California using snow cores from the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains, collected from late February to mid-March 1983. A statistical analysis of the analytical and sampling precision was made. The snowpack in the higher Cascades and Sierra Nevada is not...
RELATION BETWEEN SURFACE-WATER QUALITY AND THE COMPOSITION OF COAL IN PIKE COUNTY, KENTUCKY.
Jay Kiesler
1986, Conference Paper, University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU
The quality of surface water in Pike County, Kentucky, seems to reflect the composition of coals in the county. Groundwater acquires mineral concentration characteristics of the rocks through which it moves. When groundwater is discharged to streams the mineral concentrations in streams, especially during low flow periods, are characteristic of...
Approximating edges of source bodies from magnetic or gravity anomalies
R.J. Blakely, R.W. Simpson
1986, Geophysics (51) 1494-1498
Cordell and Grauch (1982, 1985) discussed a technique to estimate the location of abrupt lateral changes in magnetization or mass density of upper crustal rocks. The final step of their procedure is to identify maxima on a contoured map of horizontal gradient magnitudes. We attempt to automate their final step....
Genesis of the Spar Lake strata-bound copper-silver deposit, Montana: Part I. Controls inherited from sedimentation and preore diagenesis
T. S. Hayes, M.T. Einaudi
1986, Economic Geology (81) 1899-1931
Mineable zones of the Spar Lake deposit occur where argentiferous copper sulfides and native silver formed cements and replaced certain earlier cements and clasts in the gently dipping middle quartzite beds of the upper member of the Revett Formation, middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup. The copper sulfides and native silver are...
Reservoir processes and fluid origins in the Baca geothermal system, Valles Caldera, New Mexico
A.H. Truesdell, C. J. Janik
1986, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (91) 1817-1833
At the Baca geothermal field in the Valles caldera, New Mexico, 19 deep wells were drilled in an attempt to develop a 50-MWe (megawatts electric) power plant. The chemical and isotopic compositions of steam and water samples have been used to indicate uniquely the origin of reservoir fluids and natural reservoir...
