Annual variation in the distribution, abundance, and habitat response of the palila (Loxioides bailleui)
J. M. Scott, Stephen Mountainspring, Charles van Riper III, C. B. Kepler, J.D. Jacobi, T.A. Burr, Jon G. Giffen
1984, The Auk (101) 647-664
We studied the distribution, population size, and habitat response of the Palila (Loxioides bailleui) during the 1980-1984 nonbreeding seasons to infer factors that limit the population and to develop management strategies. Distribution was fairly constant from year to year. Palila were confined to the subalpine woodland on Mauna Kea on...
Phenotypic variation of the Mexican duck (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) in Mexico
N.J. Scott Jr., R.P. Reynolds
1984, Condor (86) 266-274
A collection of 98 breeding Mexican Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos diazi) was made in Mexico from six areas between the United States border with Chihuahua and Lake Chapala, Jalisco, in order to study geographic variation. Plumage indices showed a relatively smooth clinal change from north to south; northern populations were most...
Reproduction by an altricial songbird, the red-winged blackbird, in fields treated with the organophosphate insecticide fenthion
G.V.N. Powell
1984, Journal of Applied Ecology (21) 83-95
(1) Breeding red-winged blackbirds were used as a model to study the effects of a single application of an organophosphate insecticide, fenthion, on reproduction of altricial songbirds.(2) The insecticide had no significant effect on frequency of nest abandonment, clutch size, hatching success, or fledgling success.(3) Growth rates of young nestlings...
Comparative toxicity of acephate in laboratory mice, white-footed mice, and meadow voles
Barnett A. Rattner, David J. Hoffman
1984, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (13) 483-491
The LD50 (95% confidence limits) of the organophosphorus insecticide acephate was estimated to be 351, 380, and 321 mg/kg (295–416, 280–516, and 266–388 mg/kg) for CD-1 laboratory mice (Mus musculus), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis), and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), respectively. In a second study, these species were provided mash...
Aroclor 1254 residues in birds: Lethal levels and loss rates
William H. Stickel, Lucille F. Stickel, R. A. Dyrland, Donald L. Hughes
1984, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (13) 7-13
Lethal residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined experimentally in four species of wild birds given dietary dosage of 1,500 ppm of Aroclor 1254® until one-half had died, sacrificing the survivors, chemically analyzing the tissues, and comparing results in dead birds and survivors. For all species, residues of 310 ppm or...
The use of auxiliary variables in capture-recapture and removal experiments
K. H. Pollock, J.E. Hines, J.D. Nichols
1984, Biometrics (40) 329-340
The dependence of animal capture probabilities on auxiliary variables is an important practical problem which has not been considered in the development of estimation procedures for capture-recapture and removal experiments. In this paper the linear logistic binary regression model is used to relate the probability of capture to continuous...
Age-specific productivity and nest site characteristics of Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii)
K.R. Moore, Charles J. Henny
1984, Northwest Science (58) 290-299
Nesting Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) were studied in northeastern Oregon. Second-year (SY) males did not breed, but 22 percent of the breeding females were SY's. Mean clutch size (P = 0.012) and mean number of young fledged per pair that laid eggs (P < 0.10) were lower for...
Home-range formation and dispersal of deer in northeastern Minnesota
M.E. Nelson, L.D. Mech
1984, Journal of Mammalogy (65) 567-575
Eleven white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) does and their offspring (10 male and 6 female fawns) were radio-tracked for up to 56 months (2,725 total deer locations) in Minnesota's Superior National Forest from November 1974 through August 1983. All fawns wintered in yards with their does and migrated in spring to...
Inheritance patterns of enzymes and serum proteins of mallard-black duck hybrids
R.P. Morgan II, D. W. Meritt, S. B. Block, M.A. Cole, S. T. Sulkin, F.B. Lee, Charles J. Henny
1984, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology (12) 119-123
From 1974 to 1976, a breeding program was used to produce hybrids of black ducks and mallards for the evaluation of inheritance patterns of serum proteins and serum, liver and muscle enzymes. In addition to the crosses designed to produce hybrids, a series of matings in 1975 and 1976...
Proper expression of metabolizable energy in avian energetics
M. R. Miller, K. J. Reinecke
1984, Condor (86) 396-400
We review metabolizable energy (ME) concepts and present evidence suggesting that the form of ME used for analyses of avian energetics can affect interpretation of results. Apparent ME (AME) is the most widely used measure of food energy available to birds. True ME(TME) differs from AME in recognizing fecal and...
The use of a robust capture-recapture design in small mammal population studies: A field example with Microtus pennsylvanicus
James D. Nichols, Kenneth H. Pollock, James E. Hines
1984, Acta Theriologica (29) 357-365
The robust design of Pollock (1982) was used to estimate parameters of a Maryland M. pennsylvanicus population. Closed model tests provided strong evidence of heterogeneity of capture probability, and model M eta (Otis et al., 1978) was selected as the most appropriate model for estimating population size. The Jolly-Seber model...
Observer visitation frequency and success of mourning dove nests: A field experiment
J.D. Nichols, H.F. Percival, R.A. Coon, M.J. Conroy, Gary L. Hensler, J.E. Hines
1984, The Auk (101) 398-402
Field studies of nesting success generally require visits by the investigator to the nests under study. Such visits may themselves influence nesting success, however, and this possibility has been discussed and investigated by a number of workers with a variety of bird species. Livezey (1980) reviewed the relevant literature for...
Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on avian community structure in the Oregon coast range
M.L. Morrison, E. Charles Meslow
1984, Forest Science (30) 95-106
A study was conducted on vegetative changes induced by the herbicide glyphosate, and the resultant habitat use of birds nesting on two clearcuts in western Oregon. About 23 percent of total plant cover was initially damaged by aerial application of glyphosate. Most measures of vegetation on the treated site decreased...
Recuperation of a severely debilitated wolf
L.D. Mech, U.S. Seal, S.M. Arthur
1984, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (20) 166-168
Opportunities are rare for determining the degree to which an animal can starve and still survive. Therefore we describe here an incident in which a wild wolf (Canis lupus) starved almost to death and was then restored to her former free-ranging state. The incident took place in northern Lake County,...
Radio-triggered anesthetic-dart collar for recapturing large mammals
L.D. Mech, Richard C. Chapman, W.W. Cochran, L. Simmons, U.S. Seal
1984, Wildlife Society Bulletin (12) 69-74
A re-usable, radio-triggered, anesthetic-dart collar costing about $1,200 has been developed for recapturing large, free-ranging mammals. The collar was tested successfully on captive gray wolves, white-tailed deer, a mountain lion, a black bear, and a tiger, and on wild wolves, a bear, and deer after periods of up to 32...
Changes in levels of organochlorines in woodcock wings from 1971 to 1975
M. Anne Ross McLane, D.L. Hughes, G. H. Heinz
1984, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (4) 105-111
Wings from woodcock (Philohela minor) were first monitored for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the eastern U.S. in 1971. Regional differences in these compounds were clearly demonstrated and baseline residue levels were obtained for later comparisons. An expanded sampling of wings in 1972 revealed that residues in wings...
Organochlorine residues in eggs of black-crowned night herons from Colorado and Wyoming
L. C. McEwen, C. J. Stafford, Gary L. Hensler
1984, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (3) 367-376
Eggs of black-crowned night-herons Nycticorax nycticorax (L.) were collected for analysis from seven nesting sites in Colorado and Wyoming in 1979. One egg was taken per nest from as many as 20 nests per site during early incubation. The nests were marked and revisited after hatching, but before fledging, to record the...
Hawaii's seabird islands, No. 1: Moke'ehia
C. B. Kepler, A.K. Kepler, T.R. Simons
1984, 'Elepaio (44) 71-74
No abstract available....
Effects of egg oiling on larid productivity and population dynamics
S.J. Lewis, R.A. Malecki
1984, The Auk (101) 584-592
Small quantities of petroleum may adhere to the plumage, feet, or nest materials of breeding birds and be transferred to their eggs during incubation. In this study, oil was applied to naturally incubated Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) and Herring Gull (L. argentatus) eggs, and its effects on reproductive success...
Case report: Isolation of streptococcus zooepidemicus from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
L. N. Locke, T. G. Lamont, R. Harrington Jr.
1984, Avian Diseases (28) 514-516
Streptococcus zooepidemicus was isolated from the interstinal tract of an adult male bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) found dead in Minnesota in 1974....
Lead concentrations and reproduction in highway-nesting barn swallows
C.E. Grue, T. J. O'Shea, D. J. Hoffman
1984, Condor (86) 383-389
Swallows (Hirundo rustica) collected within the right-of-way of a major Maryland highway were greater than those found in Barn Swallows nesting within a rural area. Lead concentrations in the feathers of adults from the highway colony were also greater than Lead concentrations in the carcasses and stomach contents of adult...
High PCB residues in birds from the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin
Gary Heinz, Douglas M. Swineford, Dale E. Katsma
1984, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (4) 155-161
Organochlorine residues were measured in the carcasses and, in some cases, brains and stomach contents of four species of birds collected along the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin during the years 1976 to 1980. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were high in all samples and were the contaminants of greatest concern. Carcass residues ranged...
Toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides to birds: Technical grade versus granular formulations
E. F. Hill, M.B. Camardese
1984, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (8) 551-563
The acute toxicities of 13 granular anticholinesterase insecticides were compared with their technical grade active ingredients by administering single oral doses of chemical to adult Northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and evaluating resultant LD50 values and dose-response curves. Similar tests with ringed turtledoves (Streptopelia risoria) were conducted with five of the...
Avian models for toxicity testing
E. F. Hill, D. J. Hoffman
1984, Journal of the American College of Toxicology (3) 357-376
The use of birds as test models in experimental and environmental toxicology as related to health effects is reviewed, and an overview of descriptive tests routinely used in wildlife toxicology is provided. Toxicologic research on birds may be applicable to human health both directly by their use as models for...
Neurotoxic and teratogenic effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (phenyl phosphonothioic acid-O-ethyl-O-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) on mallard development
D. J. Hoffman, L. Sileo
1984, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (73) 284-294
Phenyl phosphonothioic acid-O-ethyl-O-[4-nitrophenyl] ester (EPN) is one of the 10 most frequently used organophosphorus insecticides and caused delayed neurotoxicity in adult chickens and mallards. Small amounts of organophosphorus insecticides placed on birds' eggs are embryotoxic and teratogenic. For this reason, the effects of topical egg application on...
