Estimating irrigation water use and withdrawal of ground water on the High Plains, U.S.A.
J. R. Wray
1982, Advances in Space Research (2) 127-129
In four decades following the Dust Bowl days of the 1930's, extensive areas of dry farming and rangeland on the semi-arid U.S. High Plains were transformed into a vast region of irrigated oases, producing meat and grain for much of the world. The agricultural economy has experienced such rapid growth...
Preliminary model of regional Mesozoic groundwater flow and uranium deposition in the Colorado Plateau.
R.F. Sanford
1982, Geology (10) 348-352
Qualitative and numerical simulation of regional groundwater flow in the Colorado Plateau during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous time has led to a model of U deposition in areas of upwelling solutions. Palaeographic reconstruction shows that surface drainage and groundwater flow was generally to the NE and E. Groundwater flowing...
Wilmington Submarine Canyon: A marine fluvial-like system
B. McGregor, W.L. Stubblefield, William B. F. Ryan, D.C. Twichell
1982, Geology (10) 27-30
Midrange sidescan sonar data (swath width = 5 km) show that a system of gullies and small channels feeds into large submarine canyons on the Middle Atlantic Continental Slope of the United States. The surveyed canyons all have relatively flat floors, but they...
Ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic contamination in pulverized coal
F. E. Senftle, A. N. Thorpe, C.C. Alexander, R. B. Finkelman
1982, Fuel (61) 81-86
Although no significant major-element contamination is introduced by grinding coal in a steel pulverizer, abraded steel particles can conceivably affect the magnetic properties of pulverized coal. Magnetic and scanning-electron-microscope analyses of pulverized coal and coal fragments from the Herrin No. 6 seam in Illinois showed ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic contamination from...
Pingos in the Brooks Range, northern Alaska, U.S.A.
T. D. Hamilton, Curtis M. Obi
1982, Arctic and Alpine Research (14) 13-20
Some 70 pingos occur at 27 separate localities within and near the Brooks Range. The pingos are distributed through mountain valleys at altitudes up to 725 m and in terrain glaciated as recently as late Wisconsinan time. Most are open-system forms; possible closed-system pingos are present at only a single...
Techniques for using iron crucibles in experimental igneous petrology.
C.R. Thornber, J.S. Huebner
1982, American Mineralogist (67) 1144-1154
Some iron crucibles contain impurities of Mn, Ti and other elements. Such impurities may alter the fO2 of the system and induce crucible-charge interactions. Pretreatment of impure iron crucibles in a CO2-CO atmosphere at 1050oC, under conditions slightly more reducing than Fe-Fe1-xO, minimizes undesirable changes in the bulk composition of...
Fission-track ages of late Cenozoic distal tephra beds in the Yukon Territory and Alaska
N. D. Naeser, J.A. Westgate, O.L. Hughes, T. L. Pewe
1982, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (19) 2167-2178
Six distal tephra beds from the Yukon Territory and Alaska have been dated by the fission-track method. Zircon and glass ages were determined for the Fort Selkirk and Lost Chicken tephra beds, but only glass ages for the others.Assuming that no track fading has occurred in the glass, Old Crow...
Dwornikite, (Ni,Fe)SO4 · H2O, a member of the kieserite group from Minasragra, Peru
Charles Milton, Howard T. Evans Jr., Robert G. Johnson
1982, Mineralogical Magazine (46) 351-355
Dwornikite, (Ni1−xFex)SO4 · H2O is a member of the kieserite group, monoclinic with space group C2/c. Specimens from Minasragra, Peru with x ∼ 0.1 have a unit cell with a = 6.839(2), b = 7.582(2), c = 7.474(2) Å, and β = 117.85(2)°. The six strongest lines of the...
Geochemistry of highly basic calcium hydroxide groundwater in Jordan
I. Barnes, T. S. Presser, M. Saines, P. Dickson, A. F. K. Van Groos
1982, Chemical Geology (35) 147-154
Highly-alkaline (pH > 12.5) meteoric waters of a Ca2+OH−-type issue from naturally calcined bituminous marl. The cold (16.5 ≤ T(°C) ≤ 19.1) waters are super-saturated with minerals thought to be of high-temperature origin....
Distribution of gas-charged sediment in Norton Sound and Chirikov Basin.
M.L. Holmes, D.R. Thor
1982, Geologie en Mijnbouw (61) 79-89
Numerous zone of anomalous acoustic resonses caused by gas in the subsurface sediment layers have been detected on seismic reflection records from Norton Sound and Chirikov Basin. The frequency and distribution of these zones suggest that as much as 7000km2 of the northeastern Bering Sea may be underlain by gas-charged...
Petrology and trace element geochemistry of the Honolulu volcanics, Oahu: Implications for the oceanic mantle below Hawaii
D.A. Clague, F.A. Frey
1982, Journal of Petrology (23) 447-504
The Honolulu Volcanics comprises small volume, late-stage (post-erosional) vents along rifts cutting the older massive Koolau tholeütic shield on Oahu, Hawaii. Most of these lavas and tuff of the Honolulu Volcanics have geochemical features expected of near-primary magmas derived from a peridotite source containing Fo87–89 olivine; e. g. 100 Mg/(Mg...
Active diapirism and slope steepening, northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope
R. G. Martin, A.H. Bouma
1982, Marine Geotechnology (5) 63-91
Large diapiric and nondiapiric masses of Jurassic salt and Tertiary shale underlie the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope and adjacent outer continental shelf. Local steepening of the sea floor in response to the vertical growth of these structures is a serious concern to those involved in the site selection...
Sources, sinks and storage of river sediments in the Atlantic drainage of the United States
R.H. Meade
1982, Journal of Geology (90) 235-252
The history of sediment and its movement in the Atlantic drainage demonstrate some of the difficulties of modeling sediment on a river-basin scale. Soil erosion was accelerated by a factor of at least 10 when European settlers cleared forests and planted crops. Although increasing soil-conservation practice and decreasing crop farming...
An automatic optimum kernel-size selection technique for edge enhancement
Pat S. Chavez Jr., Brian P. Bauer
1982, Remote Sensing of Environment (12) 23-38
Edge enhancement is a technique that can be considered, to a first order, a correction for the modulation transfer function of an imaging system. Digital imaging systems sample a continuous function at discrete intervals so that high-frequency information cannot be recorded at the same precision as lower frequency data. Because...
The effect of sulfate on aluminum concentrations in natural waters: some stability relations in the system Al2O3-SO3-H2O at 298 K
D. Kirk Nordstrom
1982, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (46) 681-692
While gibbsite and kaolinite solubilities usually regulate aluminum concentrations in natural waters, the presence of sulfate can dramatically alter these solubilities under acidic conditions, where other, less soluble minerals can control the aqueous geochemistry of aluminum. The likely candidates include alunogen, Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O, alunite, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6, jurbanite, Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O, and...
Holocene sedimentation in the shallow nearshore zone off Nauset Inlet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
D.G. Aubrey, D.C. Twichell, S.L. Pfirman
1982, Marine Geology (47) 243-259
Present conditions and sedimentary evolution of the shallow offshore region near Nauset Inlet on Cape Cod, Massachusetts were clarified using high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan-sonar records, surface grab samples and current meter measurements. The study area contains three provinces: (1) a nearshore province (shallower than 18 m) with a relatively steep...
Comparison of platinum, palladium, and rhodium distributions in some layered intrusions with special reference to the late differentiates (upper zone) of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
N.J. Page, G. Von Gruenewaldt, J. Haffty, P. J. Aruscavage
1982, Economic Geology (77) 1405-1418
The Stillwater, Fiskenaesset, and Bushveld Complexes are all composed of layered ultramafic and mafic rocks in which the cumulus phases generally appear in a regular order, which have similar petrologic and chemical characteristics, which are all Precambrian in age, and which contain platinum-group elements that vary widely in their abundances...
Unary and binary multisystems: Topologic classification of phase diagrams and relation to Euler's theorem on polyhedra
E. H. Roseboom Jr., E-An Zen
1982, American Journal of Science (282) 286-310
No abstract available....
The redox potential of boron nitride and implications for its use as a crucible material in experimental petrology.
R. F. Wendlandt, J.S. Huebner, W.J. Harrison
1982, American Mineralogist (67) 170-174
-K.A.R....
A relation between landsat digital numbers, surface reflectance, and the cosine of the solar zenith angle
William S. Kowalik, Stuart E. Marsh, Ronald J. P. Lyon
1982, Remote Sensing of Environment (12) 39-55
A method for estimating the reflectance of ground sites from satellite radiance data is proposed and tested. The method uses the known ground reflectance from several sites and satellite data gathered over a wide range of solar zenith angles. The method was tested on each of 10 different Landsat images...
Hydrologic inferences from ring widths of flood-damaged trees, Potomac River, Maryland
T.M. Yanosky
1982, Environmental Geology (4) 43-52
Year-to-year variability in the ring widths of trees on flood plains along two reaches of the Potomac River near Washington, D.C., seems in large part to be related to differences in flood-flow regimes. Trees directly exposed to high flood velocities are damaged more often than sheltered trees and thus exhibit...
The mobility of uranium and other elements during alteration of rhyolite ash to montmorillonite: A case study in the Troublesome Formation, Colorado, U.S.A.
R. A. Zielinski
1982, Chemical Geology (35) 185-204
An unusual occurrence of juxtaposed glassy and clay-altered ash was sampled to estimate the degree and type of element mobility during alteration of glass to montmorillonite. The results are particularly interesting in that major mobilization of uranium is indicated. Closely spaced samples of glassy and montmorillonitic ash were collected from...
A quantitative index of soil development from field descriptions: Examples from a chronosequence in central California
J.W. Harden
1982, Geoderma (28) 1-28
A soil development index has been developed in order to quantitatively measure the degree of soil profile development. This index, which combines eight soil field properties with soil thickness, is designed from field descriptions of the Merced River chronosequence in central California. These eight properties are: clay films, texture plus...
Chemical and isotopic diversity in basalts dredged from the East Pacific Rise at 10°S, the fossil Galapagos Rise and the Nazca plate
Rodey Batiza, Richard Oestrike, Kiyoto Futa
1982, Marine Geology (49) 115-132
We present petrographic, chemical and isotopic data for fresh lava samples dredged from three regions: (1) the fossil Galapagos Rise; (2) an elongate volcano near this extinct spreading center; and (3) the East Pacific Rise at 10°S. The samples from the Galapagos Rise are among the first samples from...
Application of modulus degradation model of clays
A.T.F. Chen
1982, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE (108) 1203-1214
A degradation model is applied in conjunction with different soil models and stress-strain relations to site response analyses during earthquakes. To evaluate the effects of degradation, computations on two clay deposits subjected to both high and low-level input excitations are conducted. In addition, modulus degradation with or without shear strength...
