Marine turtles of the Galapagos Islands and adjacent areas of the eastern Pacific on the basis of observations made by J.R. Slevin 1905-1906
T. H. Fritts
1981, Journal of Herpetology (15) 293-301
The field notes of J. R. Slevin written during the expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands in 1905-1096 contain previously unavailable data on the marine turtles of the eastern Pacific. 'Land basking' by green turtles in Galapagos was predominately, if not exclusively, a female behavior....
Censusing wading bird colonies: An update on the 'flight-line' count method
R.M. Erwin
1981, Colonial Waterbirds (4) 91-95
1. Thirteen mixed-species heronries (10 in Florida, two in Virginia, one in North Carolina) were studied in 1980 as part of a project begun in 1979 aimed at evaluating the 'flight-line' census method..2. Standardized counts of Snowy and Cattle Egrets, Louisiana and Little Blue Herons flying to and from the...
Colony site dynamics and habitat use in Atlantic coast seabirds
R.M. Erwin, J. Galli, J. Burger
1981, The Auk (98) 550-561
Seabird colony sizes and movements were documented in the DelMarVa coastal region in 1976-1977 and in New Jersey in 1978-1979. Most colonies were found on marsh and dredge deposition islands and on barrier island beaches. For the "traditionally" beach-nesting Herring Gull, Common Tern, and Black Skimmer, larger, more stable colonies...
Effects of DDE and PCB (Aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): Lethal brain concentrations
D. R. Clark Jr., C. J. Stafford
1981, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (7) 925-934
Adult female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) were collected in a church attic in North East, Cecil County, Md. Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) containing organochlorine pollutants were fed to the bats as follows: 5 bats were dosed at 480 ppm DDE, 12 at 150 ppm DDE, 5 at 1000 ppm polychlorinated...
Organochlorine residues and mortality of herons
Harry M. Ohlendorf, Douglas M. Swineford, Louis N. Locke
1981, Pesticides Monitoring Journal (14) 125-135
Since 1966, 72 herons found dead or moribund in the field have been analyzed for organochlorine chemicals. In addition, 36 herons were obtained through systematic collections, and carcasses were analyzed to determine sublethal exposure to organochlorines. Brains of birds found dead or moribund were analyzed to determine whether the birds...
Recovery of cholinesterase activity in mallard ducklings administered organophosphorus pesticides
W. James Fleming, S.P. Bradbury
1981, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (8) 885-897
Oral doses of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, dicrotophos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, and parathion were administered to mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos), and brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities were determined for up to 77 d after dosing. In vivo recovery of brain ChE activity to within 2 standard deviations of the...
The effect of use limits on backcountry visitation trends in Yosemite National Park
J. W. van Wagtendonk
1981, Leisure Science (4) 311-323
Backcountry use in Yosemite National Park increased drastically during the decade starting in the mid 1960s. In 1975, use reached a maximum of nearly 79,000 visitors and 219,000 visitor nights. Since then use has leveled off to about 89 percent of the peak figures for visitors and 84 percent for...
Deer social organization and wolf predation in northeastern Minnesota
Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech
1981, Book, Wildlife Monographs
No abstract available....
Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota
Steven H. Fritts, L. David Mech
1981, Book, Wildlife Monographs
No abstract available....
Newsletter for the Accelerated Research Program for migratory shore and upland game birds
R.A. Coon
1981, Newsletter for the Accelerated Research Program for migratory shore and upland game birds No. 6.
Physical and chemical characteristics of warmwater streams: A review
P. V. Winger
Louis A. Krumholz, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, The Warmwater Streams Symposium: a national symposium on fisheries aspects of warmwater streams : proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 9-11 March, 1980
[Comments on] 'A windshield and multivariate approach to the classification, inventory, and evaluation of wildlife habitat: An exploratory study,' by C.E. Grue, R.R. Reid, and N.J. Silvy
P.H. Geissler
David E. Capen, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, The Use of Multivariate Statistics in Studies of Wildlife Habitat
Physiology of the eggshell thinning response to DDE
S. Haseltine, T. Peterle, L. Nagode, A. Parsons, S. Lustick
1981, Book chapter, XII Congress of the International Union of Game Biologists, 1975.
A funding source for sandhill crane research: The Accelerated Research Program for Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds
R.A. Coon, T.J. Dwyer
J. C. Lewis, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Proceedings of the 1981 Crane Workshop
The role of observer bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey
C. A. Faanes, D. Bystrak
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Ornithologists sampling breeding bird populations are subject to a number of biases in bird recognition and identification. Using Breeding Bird Survey data, these biases are examined qualitatively and quantitatively, and their effects on counts are evaluated. Differences in hearing ability and degree of expertise are the major observer biases...
The North American Breeding Bird Survey
D. Bystrak
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
A brief history of the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and a discussion of the technique are presented. The approximately 2000 random roadside routes conducted yearly during the breeding season throughout North America produce an enormous bank of data on distribution and abundance of breeding birds with great potential...
Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
W. N. Beyer
1981, Book chapter, Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1.
The toxicity of metals to earthworms and the residues of metals found in earthworms are reviewed. Meta 1 concentrations are rarely high enough to be toxic to worms, but copper may reduce populations in orchards heavily treated with fungicides and in soil contaminated with pig wastes. The metals in some...
Sampling in rugged terrain
D.K. Dawson
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Work in rugged terrain poses some unique problems that should be considered before research is initiated. Besides the obvious physical difficulties of crossing uneven terrain, topography can influence the bird species? composition of a forest and the observer's ability to detect birds and estimate distances. Census results can also be...
Management and research opportunities with urban wildlife
A. D. Geis
Ron R. Odom, J.W. Guthrie, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Proceedings of the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium, August 13-14, 1981, Athens, Georgia
Methods of detecting and counting raptors: A review
M.R. Fuller, J. A. Mosher
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
Most raptors are wide-ranging, secretive, and occur at relatively low densities. These factors, in conjunction with the nocturnal activity of owls, cause the counting of raptors by most standard census and survey efforts to be very time consuming and expensive. This paper reviews the most common methods of...
Estimates of avian population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey
P.H. Geissler, B.R. Noon
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
One of the major purposes of bird population studies is to document changes in population size over a period of years. The traditional method used in Europe and North America to detect population change is to calculate annual ratios. However, this method can produce spurious results when ratios...
Interpreting population estimates of birds following pesticide applications--behavior of male starlings exposed to an organophosphate pesticide
C.E. Grue, B.J. Shipley
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
We determined activity budgets for 10 pairs of captive male Starlings between 7 May and 18 July 1980. Our objective was to quantify changes in behavior after exposure to an organophosphate (OP) pesticide and to assess the impact of changes in behavior on the interpretation of population estimates of birds...
Discriminant analysis in wildlife research: Theory and applications
B. Kenneth Williams
D.E. Capen, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, The Use of Multivariate Statistics in Studies of Wildlife Habitat
Discriminant analysis, a method of analyzing grouped multivariate data, is often used in ecological investigations. It has both a predictive and an explanatory function, the former aiming at classification of individuals of unknown group membership. The goal of the latter function is to exhibit group separation by means of linear...
Bird activity levels related to weather
C.S. Robbins
C. John Ralph, J. Michael Scott, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial Birds
The Breeding Bird Survey data bank serves as a primary source for studying effects of sky cover, wind speed, and temperature on bird census results. Other standardized methods, such as spot-mapping (Breeding Bird Census), point counts, banding, and the Winter Bird Survey, provide additional, but limited, means of assessing...
PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in wild mink and river otters from Oregon
Charles J. Henny, L. J. Blus, S.V. Gregory, C. J. Stafford
Joseph A. Chapman, Duane Pursley, editor(s)
1981, Book chapter, Worldwide Furbearer Conference Proceedings: August 3-11, 1980, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
Mink (Mustela vison) and river otters (Lutra canadensis) collected during the 1978-1979 trapping season in Oregon were analyzed for organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues. PCB residues were most frequently encountered in both species from the Lower Columbia River. PCB residues in 6 of 9 Columbia River mink livers...
