Paleoenvironment of the New Albany Shale Group ( Devonian- Mississippian) of Illinois
R.M. Cluff
1980, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (50) 767-780
The distribution of lithofacies in the New Albany Shale Group of Illinois was determined by wave energy, bottom oxygenation, and bottom topography in a deep water stratified anoxic basin. A transect from the margin to the center of the Illinois Basin reveals a...
Landsat detection of oil from natural seeps
M. Deutsch, J. E. Estes
1980, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (46) 1313-1322
Oil on the ocean surface from the natural seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, could not be detected on frames of any of the four bands of standard Landsat positive or negative film transparencies, nor could the slicks be detected using digital scaling, density slicing, or ratioing techniques. Digital...
Mapping the Galilean satellites of Jupiter with Voyager data.
R. M. Batson
1980, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (46) 1303-1312
The four Galilean satellites of Jupiter are being mapped using image data from the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft. The maps are published at several scales and in several versions. Preliminary maps at 1:25,000,000-required for mission planning and preliminary science reports-were compiled within three weeks of data acquisition and have...
Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass
A. F. White, H.C. Claassen
1980, Chemical Geology (28) 91-109
Aqueous dissolution experiments with the vitric phase of a rhyolitic tuff were performed at 25??C and constant pH in the range 4.5-7.5. Results suggest interchange of aqueous hydrogen ions for cations situated both on the surface and within the glass. At time intervals from 24 to 900 hr., dissolution kinetics...
Discrim: a computer program using an interactive approach to dissect a mixture of normal or lognormal distributions
N.J. Bridges, R.B. McCammon
1980, Computers & Geosciences (6) 361-396
DISCRIM is an interactive computer graphics program that dissects mixtures of normal or lognormal distributions. The program was written in an effort to obtain a more satisfactory solution to the dissection problem than that offered by a graphical or numerical approach alone. It combines graphic and analytic techniques using a...
Upper Wisconsinan till recovered on the continental shelf southeast of New England
Michael H. Bothner, Elliott C. Spiker
1980, Science (210) 423-425
Basal till was identified in two sediment cores collected about 69 kilometers southeast of Nantucket Island on the east and west sides of Great South Channel. These are the first samples of till collected on the outer continental shelf off the northeastern United States. The carbon-14 age of the total...
Remote sensing of snow and ice
M. F. Meier
1980, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin (25) 307-330
Monitoring of snow and ice on the Earth's surface will require increasing use of satellite remote sensing techniques. These techniques are evolving rapidly. Active and passive sensors operating in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave wavelengths are described in regard to general applications and in regard to specific...
Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics
M. Hohn, E.B. Nuhfer, R.J. Vinopal, D.S. Klanderman
1980, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (12) 589-606
Classifying very fine-grained rocks through fabric elements provides information about depositional environments, but is subject to the biases of visual taxonomy. To evaluate the statistical significance of an empirical classification of very fine-grained rocks, samples from Devonian shales in four cored wells in West Virginia and Virginia were measured for...
Mid- Tertiary climate of southeastern United States, the sporomorph evidence
N. O. Frederiksen
1980, Journal of Paleontology (54) 728-739
Climatic affinities of modern genera represented by late Eocene sporomorphs suggest that the climate of that time in southeastern United States was winter-dry tropical close to the Gulf of Mexico and marginal humid subtropical on the upper Coastal Plain. Lack of change of the sporomorph assemblages suggests that the climate...
Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors
Donald W. Peterson, Robert I. Tilling
1980, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (7) 271-293
Nearly all Hawaiian basaltic lava erupts as pahoehoe, and some changes to aa during flowage and cooling; factors governing the transition involve certain critical relations between viscosity and rate of shear strain. If the lava slows, cools, and stops in direct response to concomitant increase in viscosity before these critical...
Ice-sheet glaciation of the Puget lowland, Washington, during the Vashon Stade (late Pleistocene)
R.M. Thorson
1980, Quaternary Research (13) 303-321
During the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation, about 15,000–13,000 yr B.P., a lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet occupied the Puget lowland of western Washington. At its maximum extent about 14,000 yr ago, the ice sheet extended across the Puget lowland between the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains and...
Preparation and Presentation of Digital Maps in Raster Format
K. Edwards, R. M. Batson
1980, American Cartographer (7) 39-49
A set of algorithms has been developed at USGS Flagstaff for displaying digital map data in raster format. The set includes: FILLIN, which assigns a specified attribute code to units of a map which have been outlined on a digitizer and converted to raster format; FILBND, which removes the outlines;...
Comment on 'A reinterpretation of the linear heat flow and heat production relationship for the exponential model of the heat production in the crust' by R.N. Singh & J.G. Negi.
A.H. Lachenbruch
1980, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (63) 791-795
In their recent paper, Singh & Negi, (This journal, 57, 741-744) contend that if thd slope of the empirical linear relation between heat flow and heat production is interpreted as the decay-length of an exponential depth-distribution of sources, a discrepancy rises, whereas if it is interpreted as the depth of...
Hydraulic piston coring of late Neogene and Quaternary sections in the Caribbean and equatorial Pacific: Preliminary results of Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 68
W.L. Prell, James V. Gardner, Charles Adelseck, Gretchen Blechschmidt, Andrew J. Fleet, Lloyd D. Keigwin, Dennis V. Kent, Michael T. Ledbetter, Ulrich Mann, Larry Mayer, William R. Reidel, Constance Sancetta, Dann J. Spariosu, Herman B. Zimmerman
1980, Geological Society of America Bulletin (91) 433-444
Leg 68 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project used the newly developed Hydraulic Piston Corer (HPC) to recover two virtually continuous, undisturbed sections of late Neogene and Quaternary sediment. The sites are located in the western Caribbean (Site 502, 4 holes) and in...
Faulting caused by groundwater level declines, San Joaquin Valley, California
Thomas L. Holzer
1980, Water Resources Research (16) 1065-1070
Approximately 230 mm of aseismic vertical offset of the land surface across the Pond-Poso Creek fault in the San Joaquin Valley, California, probably is related to groundwater withdrawal for crop irrigation. The scarp is approximately 3.4 km long and occurs in an area where the land subsided more than 1.5...
Sr isotopic fractionation in Ca-Al inclusions from the Allende meteorite
P. J. Patchett
1980, Nature (283) 438-441
True relative Sr isotopic compositions, determined by double spiking on Ca-Al inclusions from the Allende meteorite show up to 1.5??? per mass unit mass fractionation relative to the Earth and bulk chondrites. All abnormal inclusions are light-isotope enriched. A lack of isotopically heavy Sr in inclusions would place constraints on...
Small impact craters in the lunar regolith - Their morphologies, relative ages, and rates of formation
H. J. Moore, J. M. Boyce, D.A. Hahn
1980, The Moon and the Planets (23) 231-252
Apparently, there are two types of size-frequency distributions of small lunar craters (???1-100 m across): (1) crater production distributions for which the cumulative frequency of craters is an inverse function of diameter to power near 2.8, and (2) steady-state distributions for which the cumulative frequency of craters is inversely proportional...
A three-dimensional model to predict future oil discoveries in spatially connected multiple plays
J.H. Schuenemeyer, L.J. Drew, W.J. Bawiec
1980, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (12) 459-472
A discovery-process model that had been devised previously to estimate the size distribution of oil and gas fields remaining to be discovered in a single producing horizon was adapted to a basin containing spatially connected multiple plays and producing horizons. This model used the concept of the area of influence...
Experimental study of free-surface flow instability and bedforms in shallow flows.
I. Karcz, D. Kersey
1980, Sedimentary Geology (27) 263-300
To test erosion and development of bed sculpture in unstable, pulsating shallow flow, 3 series of experiments were performed in a 10-m flume with flows of Reynolds Number up to 103, Froude Number up to 3.0, and slope up to 2%. In the first, the bed was rigid, in the...
Age of the basement rocks of southwest Montana
H. L. James, C. E. Hedge
1980, Geological Society of America Bulletin (91) 11-15
Rb-Sr analyses of a suite of quartzo-feldspathic gneisses that are interlayered with beds of marble, quartzite, and amphibolite in the Ruby and Tobacco Root Ranges and the Gallatin River canyon of southwest Montana show that the age of metamorphism of these strata occurred...
Structural characteristics of fulvic acids from Continental Shelf sediments
Patrick G. Hatcher, Irving A. Breger, M.A. Mattingly
1980, Nature (285) 560-562
Fulvic acids are those components of soil organic matter that remain soluble after a dilute alkaline extract of the soil is acidified to pH 2 (refs 1, 2). This extraction procedure has been applied to marine sediments, and the organic compounds so recovered have been called marine sedimentary fulvic acids....
Impact of horse traffic on trails in Rocky Mountain National Park.
R.M. Summer
1980, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (35) 85-87
Disturbances related to the impact of horses on trails in Rocky Mountain National Park vary across the landscape. Geomorphic monitoring of permanent sites suggests that horse traffic is not the single, dominant process active on trails, nor is degredation always a direct result of horse use. Instead, amounts and rates...
Ocean margin drilling - a multifaceted picture
H. Masursky, G.H. Pettengill
1980, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (61) 497-498
While many in the oceanographic community enthusiastically look forward to the Ocean Margin Drilling (OMD) program, others are not sure that the science to be gained will be worth the commitment to such an expensive, technology-intensive venture. The program was 7 years in the planning at the National Science Foundation...
Size distribution of Amazon River bed sediment
C.F. Nordin, R.H. Meade, W. F. Curtis, N.J. Bosio, P.M.B. Landim
1980, Nature (286) 52-53
The first recorded observations of bed material of the Amazon River were made in 1843 by Lt William Lewis Herndon of the US Navy, when he travelled the river from its headwaters to its mouth, sounding its depths, and noting the nature of particles caught in a heavy grease smeared...
(π−1) → (π−1), (π−1) emission spectra of chlorofluorobenzene cations in the gaseous phase and their lifetimes in the (0o) states
John Paul Maier, O. Marthaler, Manijeh Mohraz, R.H. Shiley
1980, Chemical Physics (47) 295-305
The radiative decay of seventeen electronically excited chlorofluorobenzene cations in the gaseous phase has been detected. The reported emission spectra, which have been obtained using low energy electron beam excitation, are assigned to the B(??-1 ??? X(??-1 electronic transitions of these cations on the basis of their Ne(I) photoelectron spectra....
