Sensitivity of leaf size and shape to climate: Global patterns and paleoclimatic applications
D.J. Peppe, D.L. Royer, B. Cariglino, S.Y. Oliver, S. Newman, E. Leight, G. Enikolopov, M. Fernandez-Burgos, F. Herrera, J.M. Adams, E. Correa, E.D. Currano, J.M. Erickson, L.F. Hinojosa, J.W. Hoganson, A. Iglesias, C.A. Jaramillo, K.R. Johnson, G.J. Jordan, N.J.B. Kraft, E.C. Lovelock, C.H. Lusk, U. Niinemets, J. Penuelas, G. Rapson, S.L. Wing, I.J. Wright
2011, New Phytologist (190) 724-739
Paleobotanists have long used models based on leaf size and shape to reconstruct paleoclimate. However, most models incorporate a single variable or use traits that are not physiologically or functionally linked to climate, limiting their predictive power. Further, they often underestimate paleotemperature relative to other proxies.Here we quantify leaf–climate correlations...
Distribution and habitat utilization of the gopher tortoise tick (Amblyomma tuberculatum) in Southern Mississippi
J.R. Ennen, C.P. Qualls
2011, Journal of Parasitology (97) 202-206
The distribution of the gopher tortoise tick (Amblyomma tuberculatum) has been considered intrinsically linked to the distribution of its primary host, gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). However, the presence of G. polyphemus does not always equate to the presence of A. tuberculatum. There is a paucity of data on the...
Near-surface shear-wave velocity measurements in unlithified sediment
B.T. Richards, D. Steeples, R. Miller, J. Ivanov, S. Peterie, S.D. Sloan, J.R. McKenna
2011, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts (30) 1416-1420
S-wave velocity can be directly correlated to material stiffness and lithology making it a valuable physical property that has found uses in construction, engineering, and environmental projects. This study compares different methods for measuring S-wave velocities, investigating and identifying the differences among the methods' results, and prioritizing the different methods...
Survey of stranded gas and delivered costs to Europe of selected gas resources
Emil D. Attanasi, Philip A. Freeman
2011, Conference Paper
Two important trends affecting the expected growth of global gas markets are (1) the shift by many industrialized countries from coal-fired electricity generation to the use of natural gas to generate electricity and (2) the industrialization of the heavily populated Asian countries of India and China. This paper surveys discovered...
Diagnostic methodology is critical for accurately determining the prevalence of ichthyophonus infections in wild fish populations
R. Kocan, H. Dolan, P. Hershberger
2011, Journal of Parasitology (97) 344-348
Several different techniques have been employed to detect and identify Ichthyophonus spp. in infected fish hosts; these include macroscopic observation, microscopic examination of tissue squashes, histological evaluation, in vitro culture, and molecular techniques. Examination of the peer-reviewed literature revealed that when more than 1 diagnostic method is used, they often...
Field survey of the March 28, 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake and Tsunami
J.C. Borrero, B. McAdoo, B. Jaffe, L. Dengler, G. Gelfenbaum, B. Higman, R. Hidayat, A. Moore, W. Kongko, Lukijanto, R. Peters, G. Prasetya, V. Titov, E. Yulianto
2011, Pure and Applied Geophysics (168) 1075-1088
On the evening of March 28, 2005 at 11:09 p.m. local time (16:09 UTC), a large earthquake occurred offshore of West Sumatra, Indonesia. With a moment magnitude (Mw) of 8.6, the event caused substantial shaking damage and land level changes between Simeulue Island in the north and the Batu Islands...
New optically stimulated luminescence ages provide evidence of MIS3 and MIS2 eolian activity on Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, USA
A.L. Ellwein, Shannon A. Mahan, L. D. McFadden
2011, Quaternary Research (75) 395-398
Eolian deposition on the semiarid southern Colorado Plateau has been attributed to episodic aridity during the Quaternary Period. However, OSL ages from three topographically controlled (e.g. falling) dunes on Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona indicate that eolian sediments there were deposited in deep tributary valleys as early as 35–30 ka,...
The distance that contaminated aquatic subsidies extend into lake riparian zones
D.F. Raikow, D.M. Walters, K.M. Fritz, M.A. Mills
2011, Ecological Applications (21) 983-990
Consumption of emergent aquatic insects by terrestrial invertebrates is a poorly resolved, but potentially important, mechanism of contaminant flux across ecosystem borders leading to contaminant exposure in terrestrial invertivores. We characterized the spatial extent and magnitude of contaminant transfer from aquatic sediments to terrestrial invertebrate predators by examining riparian araneid...
Ecological strategies in california chaparral: Interacting effects of soils, climate, and fire on specific leaf area
Brian Anacker, Nishanta Rajakaruna, David Ackerly, Susan Harrison, Jon E. Keeley, Michael Vasey
2011, Plant Ecology and Diversity (4) 179-188
Background: High values of specific leaf area (SLA) are generally associated with high maximal growth rates in resource-rich conditions, such as mesic climates and fertile soils. However, fire may complicate this relationship since its frequency varies with both climate and soil fertility, and fire frequency selects for regeneration strategies (resprouting...
East Antarctic rifting triggers uplift of the Gamburtsev Mountains
Fausto Ferraccioli, Carol A. Finn, Tom A. Jordan, Robin E. Bell, Lester M. Anderson, Detlef Damaske
2011, Nature (479) 388-392
The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains are the least understood tectonic feature on Earth, because they are completely hidden beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Their high elevation and youthful Alpine topography, combined with their location on the East Antarctic craton, creates a paradox that has puzzled researchers since the mountains were...
Ungulate herbivory on alpine willow in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado
Linda Zeigenfuss, Kathryn A. Schoenecker, L.K.V. Amburg
2011, Western North American Naturalist (71) 86-96
In many areas of the Rocky Mountains, elk (Cervus elaphus) migrate from low-elevation mountain valleys during spring to high-elevation subalpine and alpine areas for the summer. Research has focused on the impacts of elk herbivory on winter-range plant communities, particularly on woody species such as willow and aspen; however, little...
A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise
B.T. Gutierrez, N.G. Plant, E.R. Thieler
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (116)
Sea level rise during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level rise impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the...
Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates
C. McCarthy, R.F. Cooper, D.L. Goldsby, W.B. Durham, S. H. Kirby
2011, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (116)
Using uniaxial compression creep experiments, we characterized the transient and steady state deformation behaviors of eutectic aggregates of system ice I and MgSO4 11H2O (MS11; meridianiite), which has significance because of its likely presence on moons of the outer solar system. Synthetic samples of eutectic liquid bulk composition, which produce...
Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity
M. Novak, J.T. Wootton, D.F. Doak, M. Emmerson, J. A. Estes, M. T. Tinker
2011, Ecology (92) 836-846
How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from...
Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method
Wu-Cheng Chi, W.H.K. Lee, J.A.D. Aston, C.J. Lin, C.-C. Liu
2011, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (101) 3105-3109
We develop a new way to invert 2D translational waveforms using Jaeger's (1969) formula to derive rotational ground motions about one axis and estimate the errors in them using techniques from statistical multivariate analysis. This procedure can be used to derive rotational ground motions and strains using arrayed translational data,...
Apogean-perigean signals encoded in tidal flats at the fluvio-estuarine transition of Glacier Creek, Turnagain Arm, Alaska; implications for ancient tidal rhythmites
S.F. Greb, A.W. Archer, D.G. Deboer
2011, Sedimentology (58) 1434-1452
Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear...
High-frequency Born synthetic seismograms based on coupled normal modes
F. Pollitz
2011, Geophysical Journal International (187) 1420-1442
High-frequency and full waveform synthetic seismograms on a 3-D laterally heterogeneous earth model are simulated using the theory of coupled normal modes. The set of coupled integral equations that describe the 3-D response are simplified into a set of uncoupled integral equations by using the Born approximation to calculate scattered...
Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon
Jeffrey F. Bromaghin, D.F. Evenson, T.H. McLain, Blair G. Flannery
2011, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (140) 235-249
Fecundity is a vital population characteristic that is directly linked to the productivity of fish populations. Historic data from Yukon River (Alaska) Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha suggest that length‐adjusted fecundity differs among populations within the drainage and either is temporally variable or has declined. Yukon River Chinook salmon have been harvested in...
Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China
G. Zhou, X. Wei, Y. Wu, Y. Huang, J. Yan, Dongxiao Zhang, Q. Zhang, J. Liu, Z. Meng, C. Wang, G. Chu, S. Liu, X. Tang, Xiuying Liu
2011, Global Change Biology (17) 3736-3746
Responses of hydrological processes to climate change are key components in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. Understanding these responses is critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies for sustainable water resources management and protection of public safety. However, these responses are not well understood and little...
Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota
Shengli Huang, Devendra Dahal, Claudia Young, Gyanesh Chander, Shuguang Liu
2011, Remote Sensing of Environment (115) 3377-3389
Spatiotemporal variations of wetland water in the Prairie Pothole Region are controlled by many factors; two of them are temperature and precipitation that form the basis of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Taking the 196 km2 Cottonwood Lake area in North Dakota as our pilot study site, we integrated PDSI, Landsat...
Development of a carbonate absorption-based process for post-combustion CO2 capture: The role of biocatalyst to promote CO2 absorption rate
Y. Lu, X. Ye, Z. Zhang, A. Khodayari, T. Djukadi
2011, Conference Paper, Energy Procedia
An Integrated Vacuum Carbonate Absorption Process (IVCAP) for post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is described. IVCAP employs potassium carbonate (PC) as a solvent, uses waste or low quality steam from the power plant for CO2 stripping, and employs a biocatalyst, carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme, for promoting the CO2 absorption into...
Methodology to assess water presence on speleothems during periods of low precipitation, with implications for recharge sources - Kartchner Caverns, Arizona
Kyle W. Blasch
2011, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (73) 63-74
Beginning in January 2005, recharge processes and the presence of water on speleothems were monitored in Kartchner Caverns during a 44-month period when annual rainfall rates were 6 to 18 percent below the long-term mean. Electrical-resistance sensors designed to detect the presence of water were used to identify ephemeral streamflow...
Building destruction from waves and surge on the bolivar peninsula during hurricane ike
A. Kennedy, S. Rogers, A. Sallenger, U. Gravois, B. Zachry, M. Dosa, F. Zarama
2011, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering (137) 132-141
The Bolivar Peninsula in Texas was severely impacted by Hurricane Ike with strong winds, large waves, widespread inundation, and severe damage. This paper examines the wave and surge climate on Bolivar during the storm and the consequent survival and destruction of buildings. Emphasis is placed on differences between buildings that...
Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping
L. Zhang, X. Ding, Z. Lu
2011, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (49) 547-556
In this paper, we propose a least-squares-based method for multitemporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry that allows one to estimate deformations without the need of phase unwrapping. The method utilizes a series of multimaster wrapped differential interferograms with short baselines and focuses on arcs at which there are no phase ambiguities....
Evaluation of Nobuto filter paper strips for the detection of avian influenza virus antibody in waterfowl
Robert J. Dusek, Jeffrey S. Hall, Sean W. Nashold, Joshua L. Teslaa, Hon S. Ip
2011, Avian Diseases (55) 674-676
The utility of using Nobuto paper strips for the detection of avian influenza antibodies was examined in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Blood was collected 2 wk after infection and was preserved either as serum or whole blood absorbed onto Nobuto strips. Analysis of...
