Doppler weather radar observations of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
David J. Schneider, Richard P. Hoblitt
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 133-144
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deployed a transportable Doppler C-band radar during the precursory stage of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska that provided valuable information during subsequent explosive events. We describe the capabilities of this new monitoring tool and present data captured during the Redoubt eruption. The MiniMax...
Legal, ethical, and procedural bases for the use of aseptic techniques to implant electronic devices
Daniel M. Mulcahy
2013, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management (4) 211-219
The popularity of implanting electronic devices such as transmitters and data loggers into captive and free-ranging animals has increased greatly in the past two decades. The devices have become smaller, more reliable, and more capable (Printz 2004; Wilson and Gifford 2005; Metcalfe et al. 2012). Compared with externally mounted devices,...
Character, mass, distribution, and origin of tephra-fall deposits from the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: highlighting the significance of particle aggregation
Kristi L. Wallace, Michelle L Coombs, Janet R. Schaefer
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 145-169
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano included 20 tephra-producing explosions between March 15, 2009 and April 4, 2009 (UTC). Next-Generation radar (NEXRAD) data show that plumes reached heights between 4.6 km and 19 km asl and were distributed downwind along nearly all azimuths of the volcano. Explosions lasted between <...
High-resolution satellite and airborne thermal infrared imaging of precursory unrest and 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Rick L. Wessels, R. Greg Vaughan, Matthew R. Patrick, Michelle L. Coombs
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 248-269
A combination of satellite and airborne high-resolution visible and thermal infrared (TIR) image data detected and measured changes at Redoubt Volcano during the 2008–2009 unrest and eruption. The TIR sensors detected persistent elevated temperatures at summit ice-melt holes as seismicity and gas emissions increased in late 2008 to March 2009....
Evaluation of Redoubt Volcano's sulfur dioxide emissions by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
Taryn Lopez, Simon A. Carn, Cynthia A. Werner, David Fee, Peter J. Kelly, Michael P. Doukas, Melissa Pfeffer, Peter Webley, Catherine F. Cahill, David J. Schneider
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 290-307
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, provided a rare opportunity to compare satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with airborne SO2 measurements by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). Herein we: (1) compare OMI and airborne SO2 column density values for Redoubt's tropospheric plume, (2) calculate...
Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex, Alexander terrane (southeastern Alaska): evidence for Early Jurassic rifting prior to accretion with North America
Jaroslav Dostal, Susan M. Karl, J. Duncan Keppie, Daniel J. Kontak, J. Gregory Shellnutt
2013, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (50) 678-691
The circular Bokan Mountain complex (BMC) on southern Prince of Wales Island, southernmost Alaska, is a Jurassic peralkaline granitic intrusion about 3 km in diameter that crosscuts igneous and metasedimentary rocks of the Alexander terrane. The BMC hosts significant rare metal (rare earth elements, Y, U, Th, Zr, and Nb)...
Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from a headwater stream network of interior Alaska
John T. Crawford, Robert G. Striegl, Kimberly P. Wickland, Mark M. Dornblaser, Emily H. Stanley
2013, Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences (118) 482-494
Boreal ecosystems store significant quantities of organic carbon (C) that may be vulnerable to degradation as a result of a warming climate. Despite their limited coverage on the landscape, streams play a significant role in the processing, gaseous emission, and downstream export of C, and small streams are thought to...
Source characterization for an explosion during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano from very-long-period seismic waves
Matthew M. Haney, Bernard A. Chouet, Phillip B. Dawson, John A. Power
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 77-88
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt produced several very-long-period (VLP) signals associated with explosions. We invert for the source location and mechanism of an explosion at Redoubt volcano using waveform methods applied to broadband recordings. Such characterization of the source carries information on the geometry of the conduit and the physics...
Airborne filter pack measurements of S and Cl in the plume of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska February–May 2009
Melissa Pfeffer, Michael P. Doukas, Cynthia A. Werner, William C. Evans
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 285-289
Filter pack data from six airborne campaigns at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska are reported here. These measurements provide a rare constraint on Cl output from an andesitic eruption at high emission rate (> 104 t d− 1 SO2). Four S/Cl ratios measured during a period of lava dome growth indicate a depth of last magma...
Emplacement of the final lava dome of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Katharine F. Bull, Steve W. Anderson, Angela K. Diefenbach, Rick L. Wessels, Sarah M. Henton
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 334-348
After more than 8 months of precursory activity and over 20 explosions in 12 days, Redoubt Volcano, Alaska began to extrude the fourth and final lava dome of the 2009 eruption on April 4. By July 1 the dome had filled the pre-2009 summit crater and ceased to grow. By means...
Volcano–ice interactions precursory to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Heather A. Bleick, Michelle L. Coombs, Peter F. Cervelli, Katharine F. Bull, Rick Wessels
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 373-388
In late summer of 2008, after nearly 20 years of quiescence, Redoubt Volcano began to show signs of abnormal heat flow in its summit crater. In the months that followed, the excess heat triggered melting and ablation of Redoubt's glaciers, beginning at the summit and propagating to lower elevations as the...
Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009
Larry G. Mastin, Hans F. Schwaiger, David J. Schneider, Kristi L. Wallace, Janet Schaefer, Roger P. Denlinger
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 201-213
Among the events of the 2009 eruption at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, event 5 was the best documented by radar, satellite imagery, and deposit mapping. We use the new Eulerian tephra transport model Ash3d to simulate transport and deposition of event 5 tephra at distances up to 350 km. The eruption, which...
Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Cynthia A. Werner, Peter J. Kelly, Michael P. Doukas, Taryn Lopez, Melissa Pfeffer, Robert G. McGimsey, Christina A. Neal
2013, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (259) 270-284
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska was particularly well monitored for volcanic gas emissions. We report 35 airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates that span from October 2008 to August 2010. The magmatic system degassed primarily as a closed system although minor amounts of open system...
Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America
Richard J. Goldfarb, Eric Anderson, Craig J. Hart
2013, Economic Geology (108) 405-419
The Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit in southwestern Alaska, containing the largest gold resource of any known porphyry in the world, developed in a tectonic setting significantly different from that of the present-day. It is one of a series of metalliferous middle Cretaceous porphyritic granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and diorite bodies, evolved...
Automated mapping of mineral groups and green vegetation from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery with an example from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado
Barnaby W. Rockwell
2013, Scientific Investigations Map 3252
Multispectral satellite data acquired by the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM) sensors are being used to populate an online Geographic Information System (GIS) of the spatial occurrence of mineral groups and green vegetation across the western conterminous United States...
Alaska Geochemical Database, Version 2.0 (AGDB2)--including “best value” data compilations for rock, sediment, soil, mineral, and concentrate sample media
Matthew Granitto, Jeanine M. Schmidt, Nora B. Shew, Bruce M. Gamble, Keith A. Labay
2013, Data Series 759
The Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2) contains new geochemical data compilations in which each geologic material sample has one “best value” determination for each analyzed species, greatly improving speed and efficiency of use. Like the Alaska Geochemical Database (AGDB, http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/637/) before it, the AGDB2 was created and designed to...
Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change
E.A.G. Schuur, B.W. Abbott, W.B. Bowden, V. Brovkin, P. Camill, J.G. Canadell, J. P. Chanton, F. S. Chapin III, T.R. Christensen, P. Ciais, B.T. Crosby, C.I. Czimczik, G. Grosse, J. Harden, D.J. Hayes, G. Hugelius, J.D. Jastrow, Jack B. Jones, Thomas Kleinen, C.D. Koven, G. Krinner, P. Kuhry, D.M. Lawrence, A. D. McGuire, Susan M. Natali, J. A. O'Donnell, C.-L. Ping, W.J. Riley, A. Rinke, V.E. Romanovsky, A. B. K. Sannel, C. Schädel, K. Schaefer, J. Sky, Z.M. Subin, C. Tarnocai, M.R. Turetsky, M. P. Waldrop, K.M. Walter Anthony, K.P. Wickland, C. J. Wilson, S.A. Zimov
2013, Climatic Change (119) 359-374
Approximately 1700 Pg of soil carbon (C) are stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost zone, more than twice as much C than in the atmosphere. The overall amount, rate, and form of C released to the atmosphere in a warmer world will influence the strength of the permafrost C feedback...
Fat or lean: adjustment of endogenous energy stores to predictable and unpredictable changes in allostatic load
Jannik Schultner, Alexander S. Kitaysky, Jorg Welcker, Scott Hatch
2013, Functional Ecology (27) 45-55
1. The ability to store energy endogenously is an important ecological mechanism that allows animals to buffer predictable and unpredictable variation in allostatic load. The secretion of glucocorticoids, which reflects changes in allostatic load, is suggested to play a major role in the adjustment of endogenous stores to these varying...
Ecosystem services from converted land: the importance of tree cover in Amazonian pastures
Kirsten Barrett, Judson Valentim, B. L. Turner II
2013, Urban Ecosystems (16) 573-591
Deforestation is responsible for a substantial fraction of global carbon emissions and changes in surface energy budgets that affect climate. Deforestation losses include wildlife and human habitat, and myriad forest products on which rural and urban societies depend for food, fiber, fuel, fresh water, medicine, and recreation. Ecosystem services gained...
Wildlife disease and environmental health in Alaska
Caroline R. Van Hemert, John M. Pearce, Karen Oakley, Mary E. Whalen
2013, Fact Sheet 2013-3027
Environmental health is defined by connections between the physical environment, ecological health, and human health. Current research within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recognizes the importance of this integrated research philosophy, which includes study of disease and pollutants as they pertain to wildlife and humans. Due to its key geographic...
Mercury and water-quality data from Rink Creek, Salmon River, and Good River, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, November 2009-October 2011
Sonia A. Nagorski, Edward G. Neal, Timothy P. Brabets
2013, Open-File Report 2013-1097
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GBNPP), Alaska, like many pristine high latitude areas, is exposed to atmospherically deposited contaminants such as mercury (Hg). Although the harmful effects of Hg are well established, information on this contaminant in southeast Alaska is scarce. Here, we assess the level of this contaminant...
Effects of food availability on yolk androgen deposition in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a seabird with facultative brood reduction
Z.M. Benowitz-Fredericks, Alexander S. Kitaysky, Jorg Welcker, Scott A. Hatch
2013, PLoS ONE (8)
In birds with facultative brood reduction, survival of the junior chick is thought to be regulated primarily by food availability. In black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) where parents and chicks are provided with unlimited access to supplemental food during the breeding season, brood reduction still occurs and varies interannually. Survival of...
Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Herat mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter T in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan
Philip A. Davis, Scott A. Arko, Michelle L. Harbin
2013, Data Series 709-T
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the...
Extending airborne electromagnetic surveys for regional active layer and permafrost mapping with remote sensing and ancillary data, Yukon Flats ecoregion, central Alaska
Neal J. Pastick, M. Torre Jorgenson, Bruce K. Wylie, Burke J. Minsley, Lei Ji, Michelle Ann Walvoord, Bruce D. Smith, Jared D. Abraham, Joshua R. Rose
2013, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (24) 184-199
Machine-learning regression tree models were used to extrapolate airborne electromagnetic resistivity data collected along flight lines in the Yukon Flats Ecoregion, central Alaska, for regional mapping of permafrost. This method of extrapolation (r = 0.86) used subsurface resistivity, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) at-sensor reflectance, thermal, TM-derived spectral indices, digital elevation models and...
Modern foraminifera, δ13C, and bulk geochemistry of central Oregon tidal marshes and their application in paleoseismology
Simon E. Engelhart, Benajamin P. Horton, Christopher H. Vane, Alan R. Nelson, Robert C. Witter, Sarah R. Brody, Andrea D. Hawkes
2013, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (377) 13-27
We assessed the utility of δ13C and bulk geochemistry (total organic content and C:N) to reconstruct relative sea-level changes on the Cascadia subduction zone through comparison with an established sea-level indicator (benthic foraminifera). Four modern transects collected from three tidal environments at Siletz Bay, Oregon, USA, produced three elevation-dependent groups...
