Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater: Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies
J.K. Böhlke, Richard L. Smith, Daniel N. Miller
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
Ammonium (NH4+) is a major constituent of many contaminated groundwaters, but its movement through aquifers is complex and poorly documented. In this study, processes affecting NH4+ movement in a treated wastewater plume were studied by a combination of techniques including large‐scale monitoring of NH4+ distribution; isotopic analyses of coexisting aqueous NH4+, NO3−,...
Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared Slider). Reproduction
Matthew P. Bettelheim, R. Bruce Bury, Laura C. Patterson, Glen M. Lubcke
2006, Herpetological Review (37) 459-460
The natural range of Trachemys scripta elegans is centered in the south-central United States, from Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico. Because of its prominence in the international pet trade, the species now can be found over much of the United States, and its introduction has been documented throughout the...
Containing arsenic-enriched groundwater tracing lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides in a coastal Maine watershed
Robert A. Ayuso, Nora K. Foley, Glipin R. Robinson Jr., A.S. Colvin, G. Lipfert, A.S. Reeve
2006, Conference Paper, Association for Environmental Health and Sciences - 21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water
Arsenical pesticides and herbicides were extensively used on apple, blueberry, and potato crops in New England during the first half of the twentieth century. Lead arsenate was the most heavily used arsenical pesticide until it was officially banned. Lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and sodium arsenate have similar Pb isotope compositions:...
Influence of beaver activity on summer growth and condition of age-2 Atlantic salmon parr
Douglas B. Sigourney, B. H. Letcher, R.A. Cunjak
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1068-1075
The activity of beavers Castor canadensis in freshwater environments can have considerable localized impacts on the physical and biological components of riparian ecosystems. By changing the habitat of a stream, beaver dams can cause spatial variation in growth opportunity that may have direct consequences for the growth of resident fish....
Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004
G.A. Hodgkins, R. W. Dudley
2006, Conference Paper, Hydrological Processes
Twenty-three snow-course sites in and near Maine, USA, with records spanning at least 50 years through to 2004 were tested for changes over time in snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in March and April. Of the 23 sites, 18 had a significant decrease (Mann-Kendall test, p < 0??1) in...
Fossilized embryos are widespread but the record is temporally and taxonomically biased
P.C.J. Donoghue, A. Kouchinsky, Dieter Waloszek, S. Bengtson, X.-P. Dong, A.K. Val’Kov, J.A. Cunningham, J.E. Repetski
2006, Evolution and Development (8) 232-238
We report new discoveries of embryos and egg capsules from the Lower Cambrian of Siberia, Middle Cambrian of Australia and Lower Ordovician of North America. Together with existing records, embryos have now been recorded from four of the seven continents. However, the new discoveries highlight secular and systematic biases in...
Geochemical patterns of arsenic-enriched ground water in fractured, crystalline bedrock, Northport, Maine, USA
G. Lipfert, A.S. Reeve, W.C. Sidle, R. Marvinney
2006, Applied Geochemistry (21) 528-545
High mean As concentrations of up to 26.6 ??mol/L (1990 ??g/L) occur in ground water collected from a fractured-bedrock system composed of sulfidic schist with granitic to dioritic intrusions. Sulfides in the bedrock are the primary source of the As in the ground water, but the presence of arsenopyrite in...
Storage and transit time of chemicals in thick unsaturated zones under rangeland and irrigated cropland, High Plains, United States
P.B. McMahon, K.F. Dennehy, B. W. Bruce, J.K. Böhlke, R. L. Michel, J.J. Gurdak, D.B. Hurlbut
2006, Water Resources Research (42)
In 2000-2002, three rangeland and six irrigated sites were instrumented to assess the storage and transit time of chemicals in thick (15 to 50 m) unsaturated zones (UZ) in the High Plains. These processes are likely to influence relations between land use and groundwater quality, yet they have not been...
Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term, single-well injection experiments
R. L. Smith, L.K. Baumgartner, D.N. Miller, D.A. Repert, J.K. Böhlke
2006, Microbial Ecology (51) 22-35
Nitrification was measured within a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, using a series of single-well injection tests. The aquifer contained a wastewater-derived contaminant plume, the core of which was anoxic and contained ammonium. The study was conducted near the downgradient end of the ammonium zone, which was...
A regional classification scheme for estimating reference water quality in streams using land-use-adjusted spatial regression-tree analysis
Dale M. Robertson, D. A. Saad, D.M. Heisey
2006, Environmental Management (37) 209-229
Various approaches are used to subdivide large areas into regions containing streams that have similar reference or background water quality and that respond similarly to different factors. For many applications, such as establishing reference conditions, it is preferable to use physical characteristics that are not affected by human activities to...
In situ study of mass transfer in aqueous solutions under high pressures via Raman spectroscopy: A new method for the determination of diffusion coefficients of methane in water near hydrate formation conditions
W.J. Lu, I.-M. Chou, R.C. Burruss, M.Z. Yang
2006, Applied Spectroscopy (60) 122-129
A new method was developed for in situ study of the diffusive transfer of methane in aqueous solution under high pressures near hydrate formation conditions within an optical capillary cell. Time-dependent Raman spectra of the solution at several different spots along the one-dimensional diffusion path were collected and thus the...
Methanogenic calcite, 13C-depleted bivalve shells, and gas hydrate from a mud volcano offshore southern California
J.R. Hein, W. R. Normark, B.R. McIntyre, T.D. Lorenson, C.L. Powell II
2006, Geology (34) 109-112
Methane and hydrogen sulfide vent from a cold seep above a shallowly buried methane hydrate in a mud volcano located 24 km offshore southern California in?? 800 m of water. Bivalves, authigenic calcite, and methane hydrate were recovered in a 2.1 m piston core. Aragonite shells of two bivalve species...
Numerical modeling of a long-term in situ chemical osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota
A.M. Garavito, H. Kooi, C. E. Neuzil
2006, Advances in Water Resources (29) 481-492
We have numerically modeled evolving fluid pressures and concentrations from a nine-year in situ osmosis experiment in the Pierre Shale, South Dakota. These data were obtained and recently interpreted by one of us (C.E.N.) as indicating a potentially significant role for chemical osmosis in media like the Pierre Shale. That...
Geochemistry and source waters of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range
M.W. Williams, M. Knauf, N. Caine, F. Liu, P. L. Verplanck
2006, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (17) 13-33
We characterize the seasonal variation in the geochemical and isotopic content of the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier (RG5), located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range, USA. Between June and August, the geochemical content of rock glacier outflow does not appear to differ...
An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-
Zhenhao Duan, R. Sun, Chen Zhu, I.-M. Chou
2006, Marine Chemistry (98) 131-139
An improved model is presented for the calculation of the solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42- in a wide temperature-pressure-ionic strength range (from 273 to 533 K, from 0 to 2000 bar, and from 0 to 4.5 molality of salts) with...
Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA
S.R. Corsi, G.R. Harwell, S.W. Geis, D. Bergman
2006, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (25) 2890-2900
From October 2002 to April 2004, data were collected from Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport (TX, USA) outfalls and receiving waters (Trigg Lake and Big Bear Creek) to document the magnitude and potential effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on water quality. Glycol concentrations at outfalls ranged...
Rocks of the Columbia Hills
S. W. Squyres, R. E. Arvidson, D.L. Blaney, B. C. Clark, L. Crumpler, W. H. Farrand, S. Gorevan, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, J. Hurowitz, A. Kusack, H.Y. McSween, D. W. Ming, R.V. Morris, S. W. Ruff, A. Wang, A. Yen
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (111)
The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has identified five distinct rock types in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater. Clovis Class rock is a poorly sorted clastic rock that has undergone substantial aqueous alteration. We interpret it to be aqueously altered ejecta deposits formed by impacts into basaltic materials. Wishstone Class...
Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?
K.A. McGee, A. J. Sutton, T. Elias, M.P. Doukas, T.M. Gerlach
2006, Pure and Applied Geophysics (163) 837-851
We report the results of two soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO2 might be reaching the ERZ...
Water color affects the stratification, surface temperature, heat content, and mean epilimnetic irradiance of small lakes
J.N. Houser
2006, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (63) 2447-2455
The effects of water color on lake stratification, mean epilimnetic irradiance, and lake temperature dynamics were examined in small, north-temperate lakes that differed widely in water color (1.5-19.8 m -1). Among these lakes, colored lakes differed from clear lakes in the following ways: (i) the epilimnia were shallower and colder,...
Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York
S. Lor, R.A. Malecki
2006, Waterbirds (29) 427-436
Nesting habitats and nest success of five species of marsh birds were studied during 1997 and 1998 at the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the adjacent Oak Orchard and Tonawanda State Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) located in western New York. Nest searches located 18 American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), 117...
Variables influencing the presence of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in shoreline habitats of the Hanford Reach, Columbia River
K.F. Tiffan, L.O. Clark, R.D. Garland, D.W. Rondorf
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 351-360
Little information currently exists on habitat use by subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in large, main-stem habitats. We collected habitat use information on subyearlings in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River during May 1994 and April-May 1995 using point abundance electrofishing. We analyzed measures of physical habitat...
Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA
C. R. Sherwood, J.R. Lacy, G. Voulgaris
2006, Continental Shelf Research (26) 1995-2018
Shear velocity was estimated from current measurements near the bottom off Grays Harbor, Washington between May 4 and June 6, 2001 under mostly wave-dominated conditions. A downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) and two acoustic-Doppler velocimeters (field version; ADVFs) were deployed on a tripod at 9-m water depth. Measurements from...
Testing the junk-food hypothesis on marine birds: Effects of prey type on growth and development
Marc D. Romano, John F. Piatt, D.D. Roby
2006, Waterbirds (29) 407-414
The junk-food hypothesis attributes declines in productivity of marine birds and mammals to changes in the species of prey they consume and corresponding differences in nutritional quality of those prey. To test this hypothesis nestling Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) were raised in captivity under controlled...
Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments
H.L. Schramm Jr., A.R. Walters, J.M. Grizzle, B.H. Beck, L. A. Hanson, S.B. Rees
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 812-825
We evaluated the effect of improved live-well conditions and the interaction of tournament stress and largemouth bass virus (LMBV) on tournament-associated mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides caught during 12 summer tournaments. Improvements in live-well conditions (reduction in water temperature by 2-5??C; addition of NaCl; continuous aeration) significantly reduced initial...
Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the Mojave Desert, USA
M.L. Brooks, J.R. Matchett, K.H. Berry
2006, Journal of Arid Environments (67) 125-147
Increased livestock densities near artificial watering sites create disturbance gradients called piospheres. We studied responses of alien and native annual plants and native perennial plants within 9 piospheres in the Mojave Desert of North America. Absolute and proportional cover of alien annual plants increased with proximity to watering sites, whereas...
