Methods for pore water extraction from unsaturated zone tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada
K.M. Scofield
2006, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM
Assessing the performance of the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, requires an understanding of the chemistry of the water that moves through the host rock. The uniaxial compression method used to extract pore water from samples of tuffaceous borehole core was successful only for nonwelded tuff....
Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport and retention in tropical, rain forest streams draining a volcanic landscape in Costa Rica: In situ SRP amendment to streams and laboratory studies
F. Triska, C. M. Pringle, J.H. Duff, R.J. Avanzino, G. Zellweger
2006, Biogeochemistry (81) 145-157
Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transport/retention was determined in two rain forest streams (Salto, Pantano) draining La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. There, SRP levels can be naturally high due to groundwater enriched by geothermal activity within the surfically dormant volcanic landscape, and subsequently discharged at ambient temperature. Combined field and...
Predicted changes in subyearling fall Chinook salmon rearing and migratory habitat under two drawdown scenarios for John Day Reservoir, Columbia River
K.F. Tiffan, R.D. Garland, D.W. Rondorf
2006, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (26) 894-907
We evaluated the potential effects of two different drawdown scenarios on rearing and migration habitat of subyearling fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in John Day Reservoir on the Columbia River. We compared habitats at normal operating pool elevation with habitats at drawdown to spillway crest elevation and drawdown to the...
Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands
D.A. Bossio, J.A. Fleck, K.M. Scow, R. Fujii
2006, Soil Biology and Biochemistry (38) 1223-1233
Land usage is a strong determinant of soil microbial community composition and activity, which in turn determine organic matter decomposition rates and decomposition products in soils. Microbial communities in permanently flooded wetlands, such as those created by wetland restoration on Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta islands in California, function under restricted aeration...
The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles
J. Belnap
2006, Hydrological Processes (20) 3159-3178
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are the dominant living cover in many drylands of the world. They possess many features that can influence different aspects of local hydrologic cycles, including soil porosity, absorptivity, roughness, aggregate stability, texture, pore formation, and water retention. The influence of biological soil crusts on these factors...
The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA
A.M. Farag, D.D. Harper, L. Cleveland, W. G. Brumbaugh, E. E. Little
2006, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (50) 575-579
The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study...
Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park
B. Planer-Friedrich, C. Lehr, J. Matschullat, B.J. Merkel, D. Kirk Nordstrom, Mark W. Sandstrom
2006, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (70) 2480-2491
Geothermal features in the Yellowstone National Park contain up to several milligram per liter of aqueous arsenic. Part of this arsenic is volatilized and released into the atmosphere. Total volatile arsenic concentrations of 0.5–200 mg/m3 at the surface of the hot springs were found to...
Evaluating hydraulic conductivity of desert soils at the Amargosa Desert Research Site near Beatty, Nevada
J.W. Wilson
2006, Thesis
No abstract available....
Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA
M.V. Machavaram, Donald O. Whittemore, M.E. Conrad, N.L. Miller
2006, Journal of Hydrology (330) 470-480
A small stream in the Great Plains of USA was sampled to understand the streamflow components following intense precipitation and the influence of water storage structures in the drainage basin. Precipitation, stream, ponds, ground-water and soil moisture were sampled for determination of isotopic (D, 18O) and chemical (Cl, SO4) composition...
A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska
Susan L. Earnst, Robert Platte, Laura Bond
2006, Hydrobiologia (567) 227-236
We modeled yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in a 23,500 km2 area of northern Alaska using intensive aerial surveys and landscape-scale habitat descriptors. Of the 757 lakes censused, yellow-billed loons occupied 15% and Pacific loons (G. pacifica) 42%. Lake area, depth, proportion of shoreline in aquatic vegetation,...
Flow and form in rehabilitation of large-river ecosystems: an example from the Lower Missouri River
R. B. Jacobson, D.L. Galat
2006, Geomorphology (77) 249-269
On large, intensively engineered rivers like the Lower Missouri, the template of the physical habitat is determined by the nearly independent interaction of channel form and flow regime. We evaluated the interaction between flow and form by modeling four combinations of modern and historical channel form and modern and historical...
A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994
George M. Durner, David C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, Steven C. Amstrup
2006, Report
We made predictions of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) autumn distribution in the Chukchi Sea with a Resource Selection Function (RSF) developed from 1198 satellite radio-collar locations on 124 adult female polar bears, 1987 – 1994. The RSF was created to assist in an aerial survey design for polar bears proposed...
An effective medium inversion algorithm for gas hydrate quantification and its application to laboratory and borehole measurements of gas hydrate-bearing sediments
S. Chand, T.A. Minshull, J.A. Priest, A.I. Best, C.R.I. Clayton, W.F. Waite
2006, Geophysical Journal International (166) 543-552
The presence of gas hydrate in marine sediments alters their physical properties. In some circumstances, gas hydrate may cement sediment grains together and dramatically increase the seismic P- and S-wave velocities of the composite medium. Hydrate may also form a load-bearing structure within the sediment microstructure, but with different seismic...
Evaluating the relative contributions of hydroperiod and soil fertility on growth of south Florida mangroves
K. W. Krauss, T.W. Doyle, R.R. Twilley, V. H. Rivera-Monroy, J.K. Sullivan
2006, Hydrobiologia (569) 311-324
Low and high water periods create contrasting challenges for trees inhabiting periodically flooded wetlands. Low to moderate flood durations and frequencies may bring nutrient subsidies, while greater hydroperiods can be energetically stressful because of oxygen deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that hydroperiod affects the growth of mangrove seedlings and saplings...
River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota
C.W. Hoagstrom, S.S. Wall, J.P. Duehr, C. R. Berry Jr.
2006, Great Plains Research (16) 117-126
We studied relations between river size, fish species diversity, and fish species composition along four major rivers in the Great Plains of southwestern South Dakota to assess patterns of species diversity and composition. We expected diversity to increase with river size and fish composition to change via species addition downstream....
Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
Jon J. Major, Linda E. Mark
2006, Geological Society of America Bulletin (118) 938-958
Years of discharge measurements that precede and follow the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, provide an exceptional opportunity to examine the responses of peak flows to abrupt, widespread, devastating landscape disturbance. Multiple basins surrounding Mount St. Helens (300–1300 km2 drainage areas) were variously disturbed by: (1) a debris...
Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment
J. D. Ayotte, B. T. Nolan, J.R. Nuckols, K.P. Cantor, G.R. Robinson Jr., D. Baris, L. Hayes, M. Karagas, W. Bress, D.T. Silverman, J.H. Lubin
2006, Environmental Science & Technology (40) 3578-3585
We developed a process-based model to predict the probability of arsenic exceeding 5 ??g/L in drinking water wells in New England bedrock aquifers. The model is being used for exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study of bladder cancer. One important study hypothesis that may explain increased bladder cancer risk is...
Multiphase, multicomponent parameter estimation for liquid and vapor fluxes in deep arid systems using hydrologic data and natural environmental tracers
Edward M. Kwicklis, Andrew V. Wolfsberg, Philip H. Stauffer, Michelle Ann Walvoord, Michael J. Sully
2006, Vadose Zone Journal (5) 934-950
Multiphase, multicomponent numerical models of long-term unsaturated-zone liquid and vapor movement were created for a thick alluvial basin at the Nevada Test Site to predict present-day liquid and vapor fluxes. The numerical models are based on recently developed conceptual models of unsaturated-zone moisture movement in thick alluvium that explain present-day...
Role of transient water pressure in quarrying: A subglacial experiment using acoustic emissions
D. Cohen, T.S. Hooyer, N.R. Iverson, J.F. Thomason, M. Jackson
2006, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface (111)
Probably the most important mechanism of glacial erosion is quarrying: the growth and coalescence of cracks in subglacial bedrock and dislodgement of resultant rock fragments. Although evidence indicates that erosion rates depend on sliding speed, rates of crack growth in bedrock may be enhanced by changing stresses on the bed...
Seasonal and diel movements and habitat use of robust redhorses in the Lower Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina
T.B. Grabowski, J. Jeffery Isely
2006, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (135) 1145-1155
The robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum is a large riverine catostomid whose distribution is restricted to three Atlantic Slope drainages. Once presumed extinct, this species was rediscovered in 1991. Despite being the focus of conservation and recovery efforts, the robust redhorse's movements and habitat use are virtually unknown. We surgically implanted...
One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils
D.S. Ross, G. Fredriksen, A.E. Jamison, B.C. Wemple, S.W. Bailey, J. B. Shanley, G.B. Lawrence
2006, Forest Ecology and Management (230) 91-95
Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2-8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA...
Assimilation of snow covered area information into hydrologic and land-surface models
M.P. Clark, A.G. Slater, A.P. Barrett, L.E. Hay, G.J. McCabe, B. Rajagopalan, G.H. Leavesley
2006, Advances in Water Resources (29) 1209-1221
This paper describes a data assimilation method that uses observations of snow covered area (SCA) to update hydrologic model states in a mountainous catchment in Colorado. The assimilation method uses SCA information as part of an ensemble Kalman filter to alter the sub-basin distribution of snow as well as the...
Determination of bromine, chlorine and iodine in environmental aqueous samples by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression
S. Landsberger, D. J. O’Kelly, J. Braisted, S. Panno
2006, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (269) 697-702
Halides, particularly Br- and Cl-, have been used as indicators of potential sources of Na+ and Cl- in surface water and groundwater with limited success. Contamination of groundwater and surface water by Na+ and Cl- is a common occurrence in growing urban areas and adversely affects municipal and private water...
Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle
D. M. Sutphin, L.J. Drew, B.K. Fowler
2006, Natural Resources Research (15) 183-203
A computer methodology is presented that allows natural aggregate producers, local governmental, and nongovernmental planners to define specific locations that may have sand and gravel deposits meeting user-specified minimum size, thickness, and geographic and geologic criteria, in areas where the surficial geology has been mapped. As an example, the surficial...
Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation
P. M. Bradley, F. H. Chapelle, J. E. Landmeyer
2006, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (26) 74-81
Laboratory studies conducted with surface water sediment from a methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated site in South Carolina demonstrated that, under methanogenic conditions, [U-14C] MTBE was transformed to 14C tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) with no measurable production of 14CO2. Production of TBA was not attributed to the activity of methanogenic microorganisms, however,...
