Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) parasite-host interactions in the Great Lakes
James R. Bence, Roger A. Bergstedt, Gavin C. Christie, Phillip A. Cochran, Mark P. Ebener, Joseph F. Koonce, Michael A. Rutter, William D. Swink
2003, Journal of Great Lakes Research (29) 253-282
Prediction of how host mortality responds to efforts to control sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) is central to the integrated management strategy for sea lamprey (IMSL) in the Great Lakes. A parasite-host submodel is used as part of this strategy, and this includes a type-2 multi-species functional response, a developmental response,...
Temporal species richness-biomass relationships along successional gradients
Q. Guo
2003, Journal of Vegetation Science (14) 121-128
Diversity-biomass relationships are frequently reported to be hump-shaped over space at a given time. However, it is not yet clear how diversity and biomass change simultaneously and how they are related to each other over time (e.g. in succession) at one locality. This study develops a temporal model based on...
Sampling designs for carnivore scent-station surveys
G.A. Sargeant, Douglas H. Johnson, W. E. Berg
2003, Journal of Wildlife Management (67) 289-299
Scent stations usually are deployed in clusters to expedite data collection and increase the number of stations that can be operated for a given cost. Presumed benefits of cluster sampling may not be realized, however, unless cluster sizes are chosen with respect to sampling variation within and among clusters. To encourage and facilitate the use...
Modeling species-abundance relationships in multi-species collections
S. Peng, Z. Yin, H. Ren, Q. Guo
2003, Acta Ecologica Sinica (23) 1590-1605
Species-abundance relationship is one of the most fundamental aspects of community ecology. Since Motomura first developed the geometric series model to describe the feature of community structure, ecologists have developed many other models to fit the species-abundance data in communities. These models can be classified into empirical and theoretical ones,...
Native weeds and exotic plants: relationships to disturbance in mixed grass prairie
D.L. Larson
2003, Plant Ecology (169) 317-333
The paper compares distributions of native weedy species and exotic species with respect to three kinds of disturbance, roads, trails, and prairie dog towns. Data were collected at the north and south units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park and at Wind Cave National Park. The paper concludes that many exotic...
Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review
T.D. Hubert
2003, Journal of Great Lakes Research (29) 456-474
Use of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is limited geographically to the Great Lakes basin where it is the principal agent used in control of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). It is clear from available data that TFM has effects on the environment, but the effects reported are transient. Individual organisms and aquatic...
Use of selection indices to model the functional response of predators
D.O. Joly, B.R. Patterson
2003, Ecology (84) 1635-1639
The functional response of a predator to changing prey density is an important determinant of stability of predatora??prey systems. We show how Manly's selection indices can be used to distinguish between hyperbolic and sigmoidal models of a predator functional response to primary prey density in the presence of alternative prey....
Diagnostic and molecular evaluation of three iridovirus-associated salamander mortality events
D. E. Docherty, C.U. Meteyer, Jingyuan Wang, J. Mao, S.T. Case, V. G. Chinchar
2003, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (39) 556-566
In 1998 viruses were isolated from tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli and A. tigrinum melanostictum) involved in North Dakota and Utah (USA) mortality events and spotted salamander (A. maculatum) larvae in a third event in Maine (USA). Although sympatric caudates and anurans were present at all three sites only...
Current versus future reproduction: an experimental test of parental investment decisions using nest desertion by mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)
Joshua T. Ackerman, J.M. Eadie
2003, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (54) 264-273
Past investment in offspring may be important in determining a parent's ability to reproduce in the future and, hence, should affect the relative value of current offspring. However, there have been surprisingly few clear tests of whether animals actually adjust parental care in response to diminished opportunities for future reproduction....
The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA
Jan W. Van Wagtendonk, Ralph R. Root
2003, International Journal of Remote Sensing (24) 1639-1651
The objective of this study was to test the applicability of using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from a temporal sequence of six Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes to map fuel models for Yosemite National Park, USA. An unsupervised classification algorithm was used to define 30 unique spectral-temporal...
Neutron powder diffraction studies as a function of temperature of structure II hydrate formed from propane
C.J. Rawn, A.J. Rondinone, B.C. Chakoumakos, S. Circone, L.A. Stern, S. H. Kirby, Y. Ishii
2003, Canadian Journal of Physics (81) 431-438
Neutron powder diffraction data confirm that hydrate samples synthesized with propane crystallize as structure type II hydrate. The structure has been modeled using rigid-body constraints to describe C3H8 molecules located in the eight larger polyhedral cavities of a deuterated host lattice. Data were collected at 12, 40, 100, 130, 160,...
Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?
Britta Allgower, J.D. Carlson, Jan W. Van Wagtendonk
Emilio Chuvieco, editor(s)
2003, Series in Remote Sensing 4-1
While ‘Fire Danger’ per se cannot be measured, the physical properties of the biotic and abiotic world that relate to fire occurrence and fire behavior can. Today, increasingly sophisticated Remote Sensing methods are being developed to more accurately detect fuel properties such as species composition (fuel...
Evolution of CAM and C4 carbon-concentrating mechanisms
Jon E. Keeley, Philip W. Rundel
2003, International Journal of Plant Sciences (164) 555-577
Mechanisms for concentrating carbon around the Rubisco enzyme, which drives the carbon-reducing steps in photosynthesis, are widespread in plants; in vascular plants they are known as crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and C4 photosynthesis. CAM is common in desert succulents, tropical epiphytes, and aquatic plants and is characterized by nighttime fixation...
Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony
J. Benson, R.M. Suryan, John F. Piatt
2003, Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation (31) 181-184
We tested an approach to the collection of seabird chick growth data that utilizes a one-time sampling of chick measurements obtained during a single visit to a seabird colony. We assessed the development of Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla chicks from a sample of measurements made on a single day during...
A probable extralimital postbreeding assembly of bufflehead Bucephala albeola in southcentral North Dakota, USA, 1994-2002
L.D. Igl
2003, Wildfowl (54) 81-93
The Bufflehead Bucephala albeola predominantly in Canada and Alaska (USA). Evidence suggests that the species may have recently expanded its breeding range southward into central and south-central North Dakota. This paper presents data on observations of Buffleheads during the breeding season in Kidder County, North Dakota, 1994-2002, and discusses the...
Gyrfalcon diet in central west Greenland during the nestling period
Travis Booms, Mark R. Fuller
2003, The Condor (105) 528-537
We studied food habits of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) nesting in central west Greenland in 2000 and 2001 using three sources of data: time-lapse video (3 nests), prey remains (22 nests), and regurgitated pellets (19 nests). These sources provided different information describing the diet during the nesting period. Gyrfalcons relied heavily...
Biomagnification factors (fish to osprey eggs from Willamette River, Oregon, U.S.A.) for PCDDS, PCDFS, PCBS, and OC pesticides
Charles J. Henny, James L. Kaiser, Robert A. Grove, V.R. Bentley, J. E. Elliot
2003, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (84) 275-315
A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in westernOregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determinecontaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrationsin fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, andBiomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish specieseaten to Osprey eggs....
Measurements of thermal updraft intensity over complex terrain using American white pelicans and a simple boundary-layer forecast model
H.D. Shannon, G.S. Young, M. Yates, Mark R. Fuller, W. Seegar
2003, Boundary-Layer Meteorology (104) 167-199
An examination of boundary-layer meteorological and avian aerodynamic theories suggests that soaring birds can be used to measure the magnitude of vertical air motions within the boundary layer. These theories are applied to obtain mixed-layer normalized thermal updraft intensity over both flat and complex terrain from the climb rates of...
Comparison of ion-exchange resin counterions in the nutrient measurement of calcareous soils: Implications for correlative studies of plant-soil relationships
S. K. Sherrod, Jayne Belnap, M. E. Miller
2003, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis (34) 1981-2001
For more than 40 years, ion-exchange resins have been used to characterize nutrient bioavailability in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To date, however, no standardized methodology has been developed, particularly with respect to the counterions that initially occupy resin exchange sites. To determine whether different resin counterions yield different measures of...
Patterns of apparent extirpation among isolated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin
Erik A. Beever, P. F. Brussard, Joel Berger
2003, Journal of Mammalogy (84) 37-54
We conducted exploratory analyses to examine the relative roles played by natural and anthropogenic influences on persistence of a montane mammal. We revisited historical locations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) within the hydrographic Great Basin during summers of 1994-1999. Seven of 25 populations (28%) reported earlier in the 20th century appeared...
The effect of stochiastic technique on estimates of population viability from transition matrix models
T.N. Kaye, David A. Pyke
2003, Ecology (84) 1464-1476
Population viability analysis is an important tool for conservation biologists, and matrix models that incorporate stochasticity are commonly used for this purpose. However, stochastic simulations may require assumptions about the distribution of matrix parameters, and modelers often select a statistical distribution that seems reasonable without sufficient data to test its...
Tracing the pathways of Neotropical migratory shorebirds using stable isotopes: A pilot study
A.H. Farmer, R. Rye, G. Landis, C. Bern, C. Kester, I. Ridley
2003, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies (39) 169-177
We evaluated the potential use of stable isotopes to establish linkages between the wintering grounds and the breeding grounds of the Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos), the White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis), the Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii), and other Neotropical migratory shorebird species (e.g., Tringa spp.). These species molt their flight feathers...
Non-native plant invasions in managed and protected ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range
Paula J. Fornwalt, M. R. Kaufmann, L. S. Huckaby, J. M. Stoker, Thomas J. Stohlgren
2003, Forest Ecology and Management (177) 515-527
We examined patterns of non-native plant diversity in protected and managed ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range. Cheesman Lake, a protected landscape, and Turkey Creek, a managed landscape, appear to have had similar natural disturbance histories prior to European settlement and fire protection during the last century....
Effects of flow regulation on shallow-water habitat dynamics and floodplain connectivity
Z.H. Bowen, K.D. Bovee, T.J. Waddle
2003, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (132) 809-823
Our study examined the effects of flow regulation on the spatiotemporal availability of shallow habitat patches with slow current velocity (SSCV patches) and floodplain inundation in the unregulated Yellowstone River and the regulated Missouri River in Montana and North Dakota. We mapped representative sites and used hydraulic models and hydrograph...
Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data
N.G. Benedict, S.J. Oyler-McCance, S.E. Taylor, C.E. Braun
2003, Conservation Genetics (4) 301-310
The status of Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is of increasing concern, as populations throughout its range have contracted as a result of habitat loss and degradation. Historically, Sage-grouse were classified into two subspecies: eastern(C. u. urophasianus) and western Sage-grouse (C. u. phaios) based on slight...
