Seed chemistry of Sophora chrysophylla (mamane) in relation to diet of specialist avian seed predator Loxioides bailleui (palila) in Hawaii
P.C. Banko, M.L. Cipollini, G.W. Breton, E. Paulk, M. Wink, Ido Izhaki
2002, Journal of Chemical Ecology (28) 1393-1410
This study describes the chemical ecology of a tritrophic interaction among species endemic to the island of Hawaii, USA: a tree (Sophora chrysophylla: mamane), an endangered bird (Loxioides bailleui; palila), and moth larvae (Cydia spp.). Palila and Cydia both specialize on the seed embryos of mamane but avoid eating the...
Bryophytes from Tuxedni Wilderness area, Alaska
Wilfred B. Schofield, Stephen S. Talbot, Sandra L. Talbot
2002, Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (92) 91-123
The bryoflora of two small maritime islands, Chisik and Duck Island (2,302 ha), comprising Tuxedni Wilderness in western lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, was examined to determine species composition in an area where no previous collections had been reported. The field study was conducted from sites selected to represent the totality...
Instrumental intensity distribution for the Hector Mine, California, and the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquakes: Comparison of two methods
V. Sokolov, D.J. Wald
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 2145-2162
We compare two methods of seismic-intensity estimation from ground-motion records for the two recent strong earthquakes: the 1999 (M 7.1) Hector Mine, California, and the 1999 (M 7.6) Chi-Chi, Taiwan. The first technique utilizes the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV), and it is used for rapid generation of...
The impact of climatic and seismic events on the short-term evolution of seacliffs based on 3-D mapping: Northern Monterey Bay, California
C. Hapke, B. Richmond
2002, Marine Geology (187) 259-278
Coastal cliff retreat along the central California coast is episodic, occurring in response to single large storms or seismic events. Traditional approaches to the study of long-term seacliff retreat utilize historical aerial photography and maps to delineate the landward migration of the top edge of the cliff over periods of...
AVHRR channel selection for land cover classification
S.K. Maxwell, R.M. Hoffer, P.L. Chapman
2002, International Journal of Remote Sensing (23) 5061-5073
Mapping land cover of large regions often requires processing of satellite images collected from several time periods at many spectral wavelength channels. However, manipulating and processing large amounts of image data increases the complexity and time, and hence the cost, that it takes to produce a land cover map. Very...
Rare earth element variations resulting from inversion of pigeonite and subsolidus reequilibration in lunar ferroan anorthosites
O.B. James, C. Floss, J. J. McGee
2002, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (66) 1269-1284
We present results of a secondary ion mass spectrometry study of the rare earth elements (REEs) in the minerals of two samples of lunar ferroan anorthosite, and the results are applicable to studies of REEs in all igneous rocks, no matter what their planet of origin. Our pyroxene analyses are used to determine solid-solid REE distribution coefficients (D = CREE in...
Generalized extreme gust wind speeds distributions
E. Cheng, C. Yeung
2002, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (90) 1657-1669
Since summer 1996, the US wind engineers are using the extreme gust (or 3-s gust) as the basic wind speed to quantify the destruction of extreme winds. In order to better understand these destructive wind forces, it is important to know the appropriate representations of these extreme gust wind speeds....
Simulations of seismic hazard for the Pacific Northwest of the United States from earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone
M.D. Petersen, C.H. Cramer, A.D. Frankel
2002, Pure and Applied Geophysics (159) 2147-2168
We investigate the impact of different rupture and attenuation models for the Cascadia subduction zone by simulating seismic hazard models for the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. at 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. We calculate the sensitivity of hazard (probabilistic ground motions) to the source parameters and the...
Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico
Peter D. Warwick, Charles E. Barker, John R. SanFilipo
S.D. Schwochow, V. F. Nuccio, editor(s)
2002, Book chapter, Coalbed Methane of North America II
Several areas in the Gulf Coast have potential for coalbed gas accumulations. These areas include parts of southern Alabama and Mississippi, north-central Louisiana, northeast, east-central and south Texas and northeastern Mexico. The coal deposits in these areas vary in rank, thickness, lateral extent and gas content, and range in age...
Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs
Brent M. Lofgren, F. H. Quinn, A. H. Clites, Raymond A. Assel, A. J. Eberhardt, Carol L. Luukkonen
2002, Journal of Great Lakes Research (28) 537-554
The results of general circulation model predictions of the effects of climate change from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (model CGCM1) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre (model HadCM2) have been used to derive potential impacts on the water resources of the Great Lakes basin....
Spatial forecasting of disease risk and uncertainty
L. De Cola
2002, Cartography and Geographic Information Science (29) 363-380
Because maps typically represent the value of a single variable over 2-dimensional space, cartographers must simplify the display of multiscale complexity, temporal dynamics, and underlying uncertainty. A choropleth disease risk map based on data for polygonal regions might depict incidence (cases per 100,000 people) within each polygon for a year...
Using satellite data in map design and production
John A. Hutchinson
2002, Bulletin of the Society of Cartographers (36) 1-9
Satellite image maps have been produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since shortly after the launch of the first Landsat satellite in 1972. Over the years, the use of image data to design and produce maps has developed from a manual and photographic process to one that incorporates geographic...
Understanding arid environments using fossil rodent middens
S. Pearson, J.L. Betancourt
2002, Journal of Arid Environments (50) 499-511
American rodent middens have made a more dramatic contribution to understanding past environments and the development of ecological theory than Australian rodent middens. This relates to differences in the natural environment, the landscape histories, the scale and scientific approaches of the researchers. The comparison demonstrates: the power of synoptic perspectives;...
Evaluating the influence of source basins on downstream water quality in the Mississippi River
Gregory M. Clark, Robert E. Broshears, Richard P. Hooper, Donald A. Goolsby
2002, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (38) 803-818
Chemical variability in the Mississippi River during water years 1989 to 1998 was evaluated using stream discharge and water‐quality data in conjunction with the DAFLOW/BLTM hydraulic model. Model simulations were used to identify subbasin contributions of water and chemical constituents to the Mississippi River upstream from its confluence with the...
Mercury methylation at mercury mines in the Humboldt River Basin, Nevada, USA
J. E. Gray, J.G. Crock, B.K. Lasorsa
2002, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2) 143-149
Total Hg and methylmercury concentrations were measured in mine-waste calcines (retorted ore), sediment, and water samples collected in and around abandoned mercury mines in western Nevada to evaluate Hg methylation at the mines and in the Humboldt River Basin. Mine-waste calcines contain total Hg concentrations as high as 14 000...
Source properties of earthquakes near the Salton Sea triggered by the 16 October 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake
S. E. Hough, H. Kanamori
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 1281-1289
We analyze the source properties of a sequence of triggered earthquakes that occurred near the Salton Sea in southern California in the immediate aftermath of the M 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake of 16 October 1999. The sequence produced a number of early events that were not initially located by the...
Land cover
Janet C. Jorgenson, Peter C. Joria, David C. Douglas
David C. Douglas, Patricia E. Reynolds, E. B. Rhode, editor(s)
2002, Biological Science Report 2002-0001-2
Documenting the distribution of land-cover types on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal plain is the foundation for impact assessment and mitigation of potential oil exploration and development. Vegetation maps facilitate wildlife studies by allowing biologists to quantify the availability of important wildlife habitats, investigate the relationships between animal locations...
Visitor reponse to demonstration fees at National Wildlife Refuges
J. G. Taylor, J.J. Vaske, L.B. Shelby, M.P. Donnelly, Cassandra M. Browne
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 1238-1244
In response to a request from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, we examined the likelihood of visitors changing their plans for future visits to National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) because of changes in entrance or use fees. We obtained data for this study from 3,173 respondents from 14 NWRs...
Seasonal comparisons of sea ice concentration estimates derived from SSM/I, OKEAN, and RADARSAT data
Gennady I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas
2002, Remote Sensing of Environment (81) 67-81
The Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) microwave satellite radiometer and its predecessor SMMR are primary sources of information for global sea ice and climate studies. However, comparisons of SSM/I, Landsat, AVHRR, and ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have shown substantial seasonal and regional differences in their estimates of sea ice...
Effects of management practices on wetland birds: Marsh Wren
Amy L. Zimmerman, Jill A. Dechant, Douglas H. Johnson, Christopher M. Goldade, James O. Church, Betty R. Euliss
2002, Report
Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on wetland birds were summarized from information in more than 500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although the...
Hydrologic variability and the application of Index of Biotic Integrity metrics to wetlands: a Great Lakes evaluation
Douglas A. Wilcox, James E. Meeker, Patrick L. Hudson, Brian J. Armitage, M. Glen Black, Donald G. Uzarski
2002, Wetlands (22) 588-615
Interest by land-management and regulatory agencies in using biological indicators to detect wetland degradation, coupled with ongoing use of this approach to assess water quality in streams, led to the desire to develop and evaluate an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for wetlands that could be used to categorize the...
GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures
M. Çelebi, A. Sanli
2002, Earthquake Spectra (18) 47-61
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with 10-20-Hz sampling rates allows scientifically justified dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures. The displacement response of a simulated tall building in real time and permanent deployment of GPS units at the roof of a building are described. To the authors' best knowledge,...
Assemblages of breeding birds as indicators of grassland condition
S.F. Browder, Douglas H. Johnson, I.J. Ball
2002, Ecological Indicators (2) 257-270
We developed a measure of biological integrity for grasslands (GI) based on the most influential habitat types in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. GI is based on proportions of habitat types and the relationships of these habitat types to breeding birds. Habitat types were identified by digital aerial...
Determination of melanterite-rozenite and chalcanthite-bonattite equilibria by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa
I.-M. Chou, R.R. Seal, B. S. Hemingway
2002, American Mineralogist (87) 108-114
Melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O)-rozenite (FeSO4·4H2O) and chalcanthite (CuSO4·5H2O)-bonattite (CuSO4·3H2O) equilibria were determined by humidity measurements at 0.1 MPa. Two methods were used; one is the gas-flow-cell method (between 21 and 98 °C), and the other is the humiditybuffer method (between 21 and 70 °C). The first method has a larger temperature uncertainty...
Development of sulfide calibration standards for the laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique
S. A. Wilson, W.I. Ridley, A.E. Koenig
2002, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (17) 406-409
The requirements of standard materials for LA-ICP-MS analysis have been difficult to meet for the determination of trace elements in sulfides. We describe a method for the production of synthetic sulfides by precipitation from solution. The method is detailed by the production of approximately 200 g of a material, PS-1,...
