Recharge and groundwater models: An overview
W. Sanford
2002, Hydrogeology Journal (10) 110-120
Recharge is a fundamental component of groundwater systems, and in groundwater-modeling exercises recharge is either measured and specified or estimated during model calibration. The most appropriate way to represent recharge in a groundwater model depends upon both physical factors and study objectives. Where the water table is close to the...
Evaluation of some random effects methodology applicable to bird ringing data
K.P. Burnham, Gary C. White
2002, Journal of Applied Statistics (29) 245-264
Existing models for ring recovery and recapture data analysis treat temporal variations in annual survival probability (S) as fixed effects. Often there is no explainable structure to the temporal variation in S1,..., Sk; random effects can then be a useful model: Si = E(S) + ??i. Here, the temporal variation...
Using flowmeter pulse tests to define hydraulic connections in the subsurface: A fractured shale example
J.H. Williams, Frederick L. Paillet
2002, Journal of Hydrology (265) 100-117
Cross-borehole flowmeter pulse tests define subsurface connections between discrete fractures using short stress periods to monitor the propagation of the pulse through the flow system. This technique is an improvement over other cross-borehole techniques because measurements can be made in open boreholes without packers or previous identification of water-producing intervals....
Evaluation of fish sampling using rotenone in a navigation lock
F.J. Margraf, C.T. Knight
2002, Fisheries Research (55) 297-305
Annual sampling in locks with rotenone has been a principal means of assessing fish populations in the commercially navigable portions of the Ohio River. Despite extensive use, sampling in locks with rotenone and interpretation of the data obtained have not been adequately evaluated. The purpose of our study was to...
Microbial ecology of a crude oil contaminated aquifer
B.A. Bekins, I.M. Cozzarelli, E. Warren, E.M. Godsy
2002, IAHS-AISH Publication 57-64
Detailed microbial analyses of a glacial outwash aquifer contaminated by crude oil provide insights into the pattern of microbial succession from iron reducing to methanogenic in the anaerobic portion of the contaminant plume. We analysed sediments from this area for populations of aerobes, iron reducers, fermenters and methanogens, using the...
Experimental Acoustic Velocity Measurements in a Tidally Affected Stream
J.B. Storm
Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B.Wahl T.L.Pugh C.A.Oberg K.A.Vermeyen T.B., editor(s)
2002, Conference Paper, Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) constructed a continuous steamgaging station on the tidally affected Escatawpa River at Interstate 10 near Orange Grove, Mississippi, in August 2001. The gage collects water quantity parameters of stage and stream velocity, and water quality parameters of water temperature, specific conductance, and salinity. Data are...
Responses of Florida panthers to recreational deer and hog hunting
Michael W. Janis, Joseph D. Clark
2002, Journal of Wildlife Management (66) 839-848
Big Cypress National Preserve constitutes approximately one-third of the range of the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Because recreational hunting is allowed in Big Cypress National Preserve, we examined 8 response variables (activity rates, movement rates, predation success, home-range size, home-range shifts, proximity to off-road vehicle trails, use of...
Satellite imagery for volcanic hazards mitigation
Rosalind Tuthill Helz, G.A. Ellrod, G. Wadge
2002, Conference Paper, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) seeks to foster cooperation to increase the usefulness and accessibility of satellite imagery. In 1997, CEOS initiated the Disaster Management Support Project to assess the present and potential use of satellite-derived information for volcanic hazards mitigation. The final report of the CEOS Volcanic...
Estimating recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: Comparison of methods
A. L. Flint, L. E. Flint, E. M. Kwicklis, J. T. Fabryka-Martin, G.S. Bodvarsson
2002, Hydrogeology Journal (10) 180-204
Obtaining values of net infiltration, groundwater travel time, and recharge is necessary at the Yucca Mountain site, Nevada, USA, in order to evaluate the expected performance of a potential repository as a containment system for high-level radioactive waste. However, the geologic complexities of this site, its low precipitation and net...
Early to Middle Proterozoic construction of the Mojave province, southwestern United States
D.S. Coleman, A. P. Barth, J. L. Wooden
2002, Gondwana Research (5) 75-78
Zircon and monazite U-Pb geochronology of rocks in the western Mojave province of the southwest US reveals that the Proterozoic arc exposed there shares an intrusive and deformational history with rocks exposed further east in the Yavapai and Mazatzal belts after approximately 1780 Ma. Consequently, it seems likely that the...
How often do fishes "run on empty"?
D.A. Arrington, K.O. Winemiller, W.F. Loftus, S. Akin
2002, Ecology (83) 2145-2151
We used a large data set of African, Neotropical, and North American fishes to examine the frequency with which fishes have empty stomachs (nspecies = 254; nindividuals = 36 875). Mean percentage of empty stomachs was low across all fishes (16.2 ± 1.2%) but varied from 0% to 79.4% among individual species. Nocturnal fishes...
Topography and geologic characteristics of aeolian grooves in the south polar layered deposits of Mars
N.T. Bridges, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff
2002, Icarus (156) 387-398
The topographic and geologic characteristics of grooves and groove-like features in the south polar layered deposits near the Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 landing sites are evaluated using Mariner 9 images and their derived photoclinometry, normalized using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data. Although both Mariner 9 and Viking images of...
Mapping apparent stress and energy radiation over fault zones of major earthquakes
Art McGarr, Joe B. Fletcher
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 1633-1646
Using published slip models for five major earthquakes, 1979 Imperial Valley, 1989 Loma Prieta, 1992 Landers, 1994 Northridge, and 1995 Kobe, we produce maps of apparent stress and radiated seismic energy over their fault surfaces. The slip models, obtained by inverting seismic and geodetic data, entail the division of the...
Ancient and modern subduction zone contributions to the mantle sources of lavas from the Lassen region of California inferred from Lu-Hf isotopic systematics
L. E. Borg, Janne Blichert-Toft, Michael A. Clynne
2002, Journal of Petrology (43) 705-723
Hafnium isotopic compositions have been determined on a suite of calc-alkaline and high-alumina-olivine tholeiitic lavas from the Lassen region of California and are used, in conjunction with previously published mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic data, to constrain their petrogenesis. Positive correlation between εHf values and geochemical indices of the modern subduction component...
Chemical transport from paired agricultural and restored prairie watersheds
Keith E. Schilling
2002, Journal of Environmental Quality (31) 1184-1193
A five-year record of streamflow and chemical sampling data was evaluated to assess the effects of large-scale prairie restoration on transport of NO3–N, Cl, and SO4 loads from paired 5000-ha watersheds located in Jasper County, Iowa. Water quality conditions monitored during land use conversion from row crop agriculture to native prairie...
Supporting user-defined granularities in a spatiotemporal conceptual model
V. Khatri, S. Ram, R.T. Snodgrass, G. M. O’Brien
2002, Conference Paper, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence
Granularities are integral to spatial and temporal data. A large number of applications require storage of facts along with their temporal and spatial context, which needs to be expressed in terms of appropriate granularities. For many real-world applications, a single granularity in the database is insufficient. In order to support...
Preliminary Results of a High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Identify Buried Faults at Dixie Valley, Nevada
R.P. Smith, V. J. S. Grauch, D.D. Blackwell
2002, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Preliminary results from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey (200 m line spacing) acquired in Dixie Valley early in 2002 provide confirmation of intra-basin faulting based on subtle surface indications. In addition the data allow identification of the locations and trends of many faults that have not been recognized at the surface,...
Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA
David M. Mushet, Ned H. Euliss Jr., Terry L. Shaffer
2002, Wetlands (22) 126-138
Floristic quality assessment is potentially an important tool for conservation efforts in the northern Great Plains of North America, but it has received little rigorous evaluation. Floristic quality assessments rely on coefficients assigned to each plant species of a region’s flora based on the conservatism of each species relative to...
Alpha1-antitrypsin polymorphism and systematics of eastern North American wolves
L. David Mech, Nicholas E. Federoff
2002, Canadian Journal of Zoology (80) 961-963
We used data on the polymorphic status of α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) to study the relationship of Minnesota wolves to the gray wolf (Canis lupus), which was thought to have evolved in Eurasia, and to red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans), which putatively evolved in North America. Recent evidence had...
Changes to Monterey Bay beaches from the end of the 1982-83 El Niño through the 1997-98 El Niño
J.R. Dingler, T. E. Reiss
2002, Marine Geology (181) 249-263
The shoreline of Monterey Bay, CA, USA demarcates the landward extent of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Along the length of that shoreline, nine beaches were profiled 34 times between 1983 and 1998. The resulting data set provides an understanding of processes that affect beach volume, width, and shape....
Comparisons of likelihood and machine learning methods of individual classification
B. Guinand, A. Topchy, K.S. Page, M. K. Burnham-Curtis, W.F. Punch, K.T. Scribner
2002, Journal of Heredity (93) 260-269
Classification methods used in machine learning (e.g., artificial neural networks, decision trees, and k-nearest neighbor clustering) are rarely used with population genetic data. We compare different nonparametric machine learning techniques with parametric likelihood estimations commonly employed in population genetics for purposes of assigning individuals to their population...
GPS in pioneering dynamic monitoring of long-period structures
M. Çelebi, A. Sanli
2002, Earthquake Spectra (18) 47-61
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with 10-20-Hz sampling rates allows scientifically justified dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures. The displacement response of a simulated tall building in real time and permanent deployment of GPS units at the roof of a building are described. To the authors' best knowledge,...
Asymptotic approximations to posterior distributions via conditional moment equations
J.L. Yee, W.O. Johnson, F.J. Samaniego
2002, Biometrika (89) 755-767
We consider asymptotic approximations to joint posterior distributions in situations where the full conditional distributions referred to in Gibbs sampling are asymptotically normal. Our development focuses on problems where data augmentation facilitates simpler calculations, but results hold more generally. Asymptotic mean vectors are obtained as simultaneous solutions to fixed point...
Anthropogenic vs. natural pollution: An environmental study of an industrial site under remediation (Naples, Italy)
M. Tarzia, B. de Vivo, R. Somma, R. A. Ayuso, R.A.R. McGill, R.R. Parrish
2002, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (2) 45-56
Heavy metal concentrations and Pb isotopic composition were determined in the soils, slags, scums and landfill materials from a shut down industrial (brownfield) site. This was the second largest integrated steelworks in Italy, and is now under remediation by a Government project. It is located in the outskirts of Napoli...
Scaup migration patterns in North Dakota relative to temperatures and water conditions
J. E. Austin, D. A. Granfors, M. A. Johnson, S. C. Kohn
2002, Journal of Wildlife Management (66) 874-882
Greater (Aythya marila) and lesser scaup (A. affinis) have protracted spring migrations. Migrants may still be present on southern breeding areas when the annual Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Surveys (WBPHS) are being conducted. Understanding factors affecting the chronology and rate of spring migration is important for the interpretation of...
