Unconventional shallow biogenic gas systems
G. W. Shurr, J.L. Ridgley
2002, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (86) 1939-1969
Unconventional shallow biogenic gas falls into two distinct systems that have different attributes. Early-generation systems have blanketlike geometries, and gas generation begins soon after deposition of reservoir and source rocks. Late-generation systems have ringlike geometries, and long time intervals separate deposition of reservoir and source rocks from gas generation. For...
The National Biological Information Infrastructure as an E-Government tool
R. Sepic, K. Kase
2002, Government Information Quarterly (19) 407-424
Coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a Web-based system that provides access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. Although it was begun in 1993, predating any formal E-Government initiative, the NBII typifies the E-Government concepts outlined in the President's...
Global petroleum resources: A view to the future
Thomas S. Ahlbrandt, P.J. McCabe
2002, Geotimes (47) 14-18
It is necessary to periodically reassess petroleum resources, not only because new data become available and better geologic models are developed; but also because many non-geologic factors determine which part of the crustal abundance of petroleum will be economic and acceptable over the foreseeable future. In 2000, the U.S. Geological...
The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (Gavia immer) chicks
F. Fournier, W. H. Karasov, K.P. Kenow, M.W. Meyer, R. K. Hines
2002, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology (133) 703-714
We compared the toxicokinetics of methylmercury in captive common loon chicks during two time intervals to assess the impact of feather growth on the kinetics of mercury. We also determined the oral bioavailability of methylmercury during these trials to test for age-related changes. The blood concentration-time curves for individuals dosed...
Achieving sub-pixel geolocation accuracy in support of MODIS land science
R.E. Wolfe, M. Nishihama, A.J. Fleig, J.A. Kuyper, David P. Roy, James C. Storey, F.S. Patt
2002, Remote Sensing of Environment (83) 31-49
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was launched in December 1999 on the polar orbiting Terra spacecraft and since February 2000 has been acquiring daily global data in 36 spectral bands—29 with 1 km, five with 500 m, and two with 250 m nadir pixel dimensions. The Terra satellite has...
Integrated management of waterbirds: Beyond the conventional
R.M. Erwin
2002, Waterbirds (25) 5-12
Integrated waterbird management over the past few decades has implicitly referred to methods for managing wetlands that usually attempt to enhance habitat for taxonomic groups such as shorebirds and wading birds, in addition to waterfowl, the traditional focus group. Here I describe five elements of integration in management: taxonomic, spatial,...
Processes of lithosphere evolution: New evidence on the structure of the continental crust and uppermost mantle
I.M. Artemieva, Walter D. Mooney, E. Perchuc, H. Thybo
2002, Tectonophysics (358) 1-15
We discuss the structure of the continental lithosphere, its physical properties, and the mechanisms that formed and modified it since the early Archean. The structure of the upper mantle and the crust is derived primarily from global and regional seismic tomography studies of Eurasia and from global and regional data...
A reconnaissance method for delineation of tracts for regional-scale mineral-resource assessment based on geologic-map data
Gary L. Raines, Mark J. Mihalasky
2002, Natural Resources Research (11) 241-248
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is proposing to conduct a global mineral-resource assessment using geologic maps, significant deposits, and exploration history as minimal data requirements. Using a geologic map and locations of significant pluton-related deposits, the pluton-related-deposit tract maps from the USGS national mineral-resource assessment have been reproduced with GIS-based...
Groundwater vulnerability: Interactions of chemical and site properties
F. Worrall, T. Besien, D.W. Kolpin
2002, Science of the Total Environment (299) 131-143
This study brings together extensive, multi-annual groundwater monitoring datasets from the UK and Midwestern US to test the relative importance of site (e.g. land use, soil and aquifer type) and chemical factors (e.g. solubility in water) and between and within year variations in controlling groundwater contamination by pesticides. ANOVA (general...
Mercury and methylmercury contamination related to artisanal gold mining, Suriname
J. E. Gray, V.F. Labson, J. N. Weaver, D. P. Krabbenhoft
2002, Geophysical Research Letters (29) 20-1-20-4
Elemental Hg-Au amalgamation mining practices are used widely in many developing countries resulting in significant Hg contamination of surrounding ecosystems. We have measured total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations in sediment and water collected from artisanal Au mines and these are the first Hg speciation data from such mines in Suriname....
Magnitude estimates of two large aftershocks of the 16 December 1811 New Madrid earthquake
S. E. Hough, S. Martin
2002, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (92) 3259-3268
The three principal New Madrid mainshocks of 1811-1812 were followed by extensive aftershock sequences that included numerous felt events. Although no instrumental data are available for either the mainshocks or the aftershocks, available historical accounts do provide information that can be used to estimate magnitudes and locations for the large...
Plotting equation for Gaussian percentiles and a spreadsheet program for generating probability plots
J. H. Balsillie, Joseph F. Donoghue, K. M. Butler, J. L. Koch
2002, Journal of Sedimentary Research (72) 929-933
Two-dimensional plotting tools can be of invaluable assistance in analytical scientific pursuits, and have been widely used in the analysis and interpretation of sedimentologic data. We consider, in this work, the use of arithmetic probability paper (APP). Most statistical computer applications do not allow for the generation of APP plots,...
Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite in Mono Lake water and by a facultative, arsenite-oxidizing chemoautotroph, strain MLHE-1
Ronald S. Oremland, S.E. Hoeft, J.M. Santini, N. Bano, R.A. Hollibaugh, J.T. Hollibaugh
2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology (68) 4795-4802
Arsenite [As(III)]-enriched anoxic bottom water from Mono Lake, California, produced arsenate [As(V)] during incubation with either nitrate or nitrite. No such oxidation occurred in killed controls or in live samples incubated without added nitrate or nitrite. A small amount of biological As(III) oxidation...
Helium and carbon gas geochemistry of pore fluids from the sediment-rich hydrothermal system in Escanaba Trough
J.-I. Ishibashi, M. Sato, Y. Sano, H. Wakita, T. Gamo, Wayne C. Shanks III
2002, Applied Geochemistry (17) 1457-1466
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 169, which was conducted in 1996 provided an opportunity to study the gas geochemistry in the deeper part of the sediment-rich hydrothermal system in Escanaba Trough. Gas void samples obtained from the core liner were analyzed and their results were compared with analytical data of...
Structure and flow-induced variability of the subtidal salinity field in northern San Francisco Bay
Stephen G. Monismith, Wim Kimmerer, Jon R. Burau, Mark T. Stacey
2002, Journal of Physical Oceanography (32) 3003-3019
The structure of the salinity field in northern San Francisco Bay and how it is affected by freshwater flow are discussed. Two datasets are examined: the first is 23 years of daily salinity data taken by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation along the axis of northern San Francisco Bay; the...
High-resolution seismic-reflection investigation of the northern Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate-stability zone
A. K. Cooper, P. E. Hart
2002, Marine and Petroleum Geology (19) 1275-1293
We recorded high-resolution seismic-reflection data in the northern Gulf of Mexico to study gas and gas-hydrate distribution and their relation to seafloor slides. Gas hydrate is widely reported near the seafloor, but is described at only one deep drill site. Our data show high-reflectivity zones (HRZs) near faults, diapirs, and...
The utility of estimating net primary productivity over Alaska using baseline AVHRR data
C. J. Markon, Kim M. Peterson
2002, International Journal of Remote Sensing (23) 4571-4596
Net primary productivity (NPP) is a fundamental ecological variable that provides information about the health and status of vegetation communities. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, or NDVI, derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is increasingly being used to model or predict NPP, especially over large remote areas....
Remotely sensed geology from lander-based to orbital perspectives: Results of FIDO rover May 2000 field tests
B. Jolliff, A. Knoll, R.V. Morris, J. Moersch, H. McSween, M. Gilmore, R. Arvidson, R. Greeley, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, S. Squyres
2002, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (107)
Blind field tests of the Field Integration Design and Operations (FIDO) prototype Mars rover were carried out 7-16 May 2000. A Core Operations Team (COT), sequestered at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory without knowledge of test site location, prepared command sequences and interpreted data acquired by the rover. Instrument sensors included...
An index of biological integrity for northern Mid-Atlantic Slope drainages
R.A. Daniels, K. Riva-Murray, D.B. Halliwell, D. L. Vana-Miller, Michael D. Bilger
2002, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (131) 1044-1060
An index of biological integrity (IBI) was developed for streams in the Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehanna River drainages in the northeastern United States based on fish assemblage data from the Mohawk River drainage of New York. The original IBI, developed for streams in the U.S. Midwest, was modified to reflect...
Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations
E.R. Campagnolo, K.R. Johnson, A. Karpati, C.S. Rubin, D.W. Kolpin, M. T. Meyer, J. Emilio Esteban, R.W. Currier, K. Smith, K.M. Thu, M. McGeehin
2002, Science of the Total Environment (299) 89-95
Expansion and intensification of large-scale animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the United States has resulted in concern about environmental contamination and its potential public health impacts. The objective of this investigation was to obtain background data on a broad profile of antimicrobial residues in animal wastes and surface water and...
Use of ICP/MS with ultrasonic nebulizer for routine determination of uranium activity ratios in natural water
T. F. Kraemer, M. W. Doughten, T.D. Bullen
2002, Environmental Science & Technology (36) 4899-4904
A method is described that allows precise determination of 234U/238U activity ratios (UAR) in most natural waters using commonly available inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) instrumentation and accessories. The precision achieved by this technique (±0.5% RSD, 1 sigma) is intermediate between thermal ionization mass spectrometry (±0.25% RSD, 1...
Deep arid system hydrodynamics 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert
Michelle Ann Walvoord, Fred M. Phillips, Scott W. Tyler, Peter C. Hartsough
2002, Water Resources Research (38) 27-1-27-12
Site‐specific numerical modeling of four sites in two arid alluvial basins within the Nevada Test Site employs a conceptual model of deep arid system hydrodynamics that includes vapor transport, the role of xeric vegetation, and long‐term surface boundary transients. Surface boundary sequences, spanning 110 kyr, that best reproduce measured chloride...
Mexican native trouts: A review of their history and current systematic and conservation status
D.A. Hendrickson, H.E. Perez, L.T. Findley, W. Forbes, J.R. Tomelleri, Richard L. Mayden, J.L. Nielsen, B. Jensen, G.R. Campos, A.V. Romero, A. van der Heiden, F. Camarena, F.J. Garcia de Leon
2002, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries (12) 273-316
While biologists have been aware of the existence of native Mexican trouts for over a century, they have received little study. The few early studies that did much more than mention their existence began in the 1930s and continued into the early 1960s, focusing primarily on distributional surveys and taxonomic...
Effects of subcutaneous transmitters on reproduction, incubation behavior, and annual return rates of female wood ducks
Gary R. Hepp, T.H. Folk, Kevin M. Hartke
2002, Wildlife Society Bulletin (30) 1208-1214
Radiotransmitters attached externally to breeding waterfowl can have a variety of negative effects. Implanted transmitters can reduce potential deleterious effects; abdominal implants are used most commonly in waterfowl. Methods also have been developed to implant transmitters subcutaneously, but effects of subcutaneous implants on adult ducks have not been evaluated. In...
Information science and technology developments within the National Biological Information Infrastructure
Mike Frame, Gladys Cotter, Lisa Zolly, Janice Little
2002, Science and Technology Libraries (23) 59-72
Whether your vantage point is that of an office window or a national park, your view undoubtedly encompasses a rich diversity of life forms, all carefully studied or managed by some scientist, resource manager, or planner. A few simple calculations-the number of species, their interrelationships, and the many researchers studying...
