Effect of antecedent-hydrological conditions on rainfall triggering of debris flows in ash-fall pyroclastic mantled slopes of Campania (southern Italy)
E. Napolitano, F Fusco, Rex L. Baum, Jonathan W. Godt, P. De Vita
2016, Landslides (13) 967-983
Mountainous areas surrounding the Campanian Plain and the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (southern Italy) are among the most risky areas of Italy due to the repeated occurrence of rainfallinduced debris flows along ash-fall pyroclastic soil-mantled slopes. In this geomorphological framework, rainfall patterns, hydrological processes taking place within multi-layered ash-fall pyroclastic deposits and...
Effect of permafrost thaw on the dynamics of lakes recharged by ice-jam floods: case study in Yukon Flats, Alaska
Steve M. Jepsen, Michelle Ann Walvoord, Clifford I. Voss, Jennifer R. Rover
2016, Hydrological Processes (30) 1782-1795
Large river floods are a key water source for many lakes in fluvial periglacial settings. Where permeable sediments occur, the distribution of permafrost may play an important role in the routing of floodwaters across a floodplain. This relationship is explored for lakes in the discontinuous permafrost of Yukon Flats, interior...
Principles underlying the epizootiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in Pacific herring and other fishes throughout the North Pacific Ocean
Paul K. Hershberger, Kyle A. Garver, James R. Winton
2016, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (73) 853-859
Although viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) typically occurs at low prevalence and intensity in natural populations of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and other marine fishes in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, epizootics of the resulting disease (VHS) periodically occur, often in association with observed fish kills. Here we identify a list...
Water availability and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, USA
Claudia C. Faunt, Michelle Sneed, Jonathan A. Traum, Justin T. Brandt
2016, Hydrogeology Journal (24) 675-684
The Central Valley in California (USA) covers about 52,000 km2 and is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This agriculture relies heavily on surface-water diversions and groundwater pumpage to meet irrigation water demand. Because the valley is semi-arid and surface-water availability varies substantially, agriculture relies heavily on local...
The conservation genetics juggling act: Integrating genetics and ecology, science and policy
Susan M. Haig, Mark P. Miller, Renee Bellinger, Hope M. Draheim, Dacey Mercer, Thomas D. Mullins
2016, Evolutionary Applications (9) 181-195
The field of conservation genetics, when properly implemented, is a constant juggling act integrating molecular genetics, ecology, and demography with applied aspects concerning managing declining species or implementing conservation laws and policies. This young field has grown substantially since the 1980’s following development of the polymerase chain reaction and now...
Drifting to oblivion? Rapid genetic differentiation in an endangered lizard following habitat fragmentation and drought
Amy G. Vandergast, Dustin A. Wood, Andrew R. Thompson, Mark Fisher, Cameron W. Barrows, Tyler J. Grant
2016, Diversity and Distributions (22) 344-357
Aim The frequency and severity of habitat alterations and disturbance are predicted to increase in upcoming decades, and understanding how disturbance affects population integrity is paramount for adaptive management. Although rarely is population genetic sampling conducted at multiple time points, pre- and post-disturbance comparisons may provide one of...
Moisture and temperature controls on nitrification differ among ammonia oxidizer communities from three alpine soil habitats
Brooke B. Osborne, Jill Baron, Matthew D. Wallenstein
2016, Frontiers of Earth Science (10) 1-12
Climate change is altering the timing and magnitude of biogeochemical fluxes in many high elevation ecosystems. The consequent changes in alpine nitrification rates have the potential to influence ecosystem scale responses. In order to better understand how changing temperature and moisture conditions may influence ammonia oxidizers and nitrification activity, we...
Application of a fluidized bed reactor charged with aragonite for control of alkalinity, pH and carbon dioxide in marine recirculating aquaculture systems
Paul S Wills, Timothy Pfeiffer, Richard Baptiste, Barnaby J. Watten
2016, Aquacultural Engineering (70) 81-85
Control of alkalinity, dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO2), and pH are critical in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in order to maintain health and maximize growth. A small-scale prototype aragonite sand filled fluidized bed reactor was tested under varying conditions of alkalinity and dCO2 to develop and model the response of dCO2 across...
Egg laying sequence influences egg mercury concentrations and egg size in three bird species: Implications for contaminant monitoring programs
Joshua T. Ackerman, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Mark P. Herzog, Julie L. Yee, C. Alex Hartman
2016, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (35) 1458-1469
Bird eggs are commonly used in contaminant monitoring programs and toxicological risk assessments, but intra-clutch variation and sampling methodology could influence interpretability. We examined the influence of egg laying sequence on egg mercury concentrations and burdens in American avocets, black-necked stilts, and Forster's terns. The average decline in mercury concentrations...
Aquatic pollution increases use of terrestrial prey subsidies by stream fish
Johanna M. Kraus, Justin F. Pomeranz, Andrew S. Todd, David M. Walters, Travis S. Schmidt, Richard B. Wanty
2016, Journal of Applied Ecology (53) 44-53
Stream food webs are connected with their riparian zones through cross-ecosystem movements of energy and nutrients. The use and impact of terrestrial subsidies on aquatic consumers is determined in part by in situ biomass of aquatic prey. Thus, stressors such as aquatic pollutants that greatly reduce aquatic secondary production could increase...
Growth of common brackish marsh macrophytes under altered hydrology and salinity regimes
Rebecca J. Howard, Janelda M. Biagas, Larry K. Allain
2016, Wetlands (36) 11-20
Coastal marsh plants are increasingly subject to physicochemical stressors under rising sea levels, and the maintenance of marsh ecological functions can depend on the ability of individual species and communities to tolerate or adapt to altered conditions. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to identify hydrology and salinity effects on growth...
Evidence that sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) complete their life cycle within a tributary of the Laurentian Great Lakes by parasitizing fishes in inland lakes
Nicholas S. Johnson, Michael B. Twohey, Scott M. Miehls, Tim A Cwalinski, Neal A Godby, Aude Lochet, Jeffrey W. Slade, Aaron K. Jubar, Michael J. Siefkes
2016, Journal of Great Lakes Research (42) 90-98
The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) invaded the upper Laurentian Great Lakes and feeds on valued fish. The Cheboygan River, Michigan, USA, is a large sea lamprey producing tributary to Lake Huron and despite having a renovated dam 2 km from the river mouth that presumably blocks sea lamprey spawning migrations,...
Flexible risk metrics for identifying and monitoring conservation-priority species
Jessica C. Stanton, Brice X. Semmens, Patrick C. McKann, Tom Will, Wayne E. Thogmartin
2016, Ecological Indicators (61) 683-692
Region-specific conservation programs should have objective, reliable metrics for species prioritization and progress evaluation that are customizable to the goals of a program, easy to comprehend and communicate, and standardized across time. Regional programs may have vastly different goals, spatial coverage, or management agendas, and one-size-fits-all schemes may not always...
Density dependence, whitebark pine, and vital rates of grizzly bears
Frank T. van Manen, Mark A. Haroldson, Daniel D. Bjornlie, Michael R. Ebinger, Daniel J. Thompson, Cecily M. Costello, Gary C. White
2016, Journal of Wildlife Management (80) 300-313
Understanding factors influencing changes in population trajectory is important for effective wildlife management, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Annual population growth of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA has slowed from 4.2–7.6% during 1983–2001 to 0.3–2.2% during 2002–2011. Substantial changes in availability of...
Implications of climate change on the heat budget of lentic systems used for power station cooling: Case study Clinton Lake, Illinois
Juan C Quijano, P. Ryan Jackson, Santiago Santacruz, Viviana M Morales, Marcelo H. Garcia
2016, Environmental Science & Technology (50) 478-488
We use a numerical model to analyze the impact of climate change--in particular higher air temperatures--on a nuclear power station that recirculates the water from a reservoir for cooling. The model solves the hydrodynamics, the transfer of heat in the reservoir, and the energy balance at the surface. We use...
Towards understanding resprouting at the global scale
Juli G. Pausas, R. Brandon Pratt, Jon E. Keeley, Anna L. Jacobsen, Aaron R. Ramirez, Alberto Vilagrosa, Susana Paula, Iolana N. Kanekua-Pia, Stephen D. Davis
2016, New Phytologist (209) 945-954
Understanding and predicting plant response to disturbance is of paramount importance in our changing world. Resprouting ability is often considered a simple qualitative trait and used in many ecological studies. Our aim is to show some of the complexities of resprouting while highlighting cautions that need be taken in using...
Profiles of reservoir properties of oil-bearing plays for selected petroleum provinces in the United States
Philip A. Freeman, Emil D. Attanasi
2016, Open-File Report 2015-1195
Profiles of reservoir properties of oil-bearing plays for selected petroleum provinces in the United States were developed to characterize the database to be used for a potential assessment by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of oil that would be technically recoverable by the application of enhanced oil recovery methods using...
Effects of dam removal on Tule Fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington
James R. Hatten, Thomas R. Batt, Joseph J. Skalicky, Rod Engle, Gary J. Barton, Ryan L. Fosness, Joe Warren
2016, River Research and Applications (32) 1481-1492
Condit Dam is one of the largest hydroelectric dams ever removed in the USA. Breached in a single explosive event in October 2011, hundreds-of-thousands of cubic metres of sediment washed down the White Salmon River onto spawning grounds of a threatened species, Columbia River tule fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha....
A model for the interaction of frog population dynamics with Batrachochytrium dendrobaties, Janthinobacterium lividium and temperature and its implication for chytridiomycosis management
Azmy S. Ackleh, Jacoby Carter, Vinodh K. Chellamuthu, Baoling Ma
2016, Ecological Modelling (320) 158-169
Chytridiomycosis is an emerging disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) that poses a serious threat to frog populations worldwide. Several studies have shown that inoculation of bacterial species Janthinobacterium lividum (Jl) can mitigate the impact of the disease. However, there are many questions regarding this interaction. A mathematical model of a...
Multi-decadal trends in spring arrival of avian migrants to the central Arctic coast of Alaska: Effects of environmental and ecological factors
David H. Ward, J. Helmericks, Jerry W. Hupp, L. McManus, Michael Budde, David C. Douglas, K.D. Tape
2016, Journal of Avian Biology (47) 197-207
Warming in the Arctic has caused the transition from winter to summer to occur weeks earlier over the last half century, yet little is known about whether avian migrants have altered their timing of arrival on breeding areas to match this earlier seasonal transition. Over a 50-yr period, we examined...
Response of Schoenoplectus acutus and Schoenoplectus californicus at different life-history stages to hydrologic regime
Taylor M Sloey, Rebecca J. Howard, Mark W. Hester
2016, Wetlands (36) 37-46
For wetland restoration success to be maximized, restoration managers need better information regarding how the frequency, depth, and duration of flooding affect soil chemistry and the survival, growth, and morphology of targeted plant species. In a greenhouse study we investigated the impact of four different flooding durations (0 %, 40 %, 60 %,...
A quantitative framework for estimating risk of collision between marine mammals and boats
Julien Martin, Quentin Sabatier, Timothy A. Gowan, Christophe Giraud, Eliezer Gurarie, Scott Calleson, Joel G. Ortega-Ortiz, Charles J. Deutsch, Athena Rycyk, Stacie M. Koslovsky
2016, Methods in Ecology and Evolution (7) 42-50
Speed regulations of watercraft in protected areas are designed to reduce lethal collisions with wildlife but can have economic consequences. We present a quantitative framework for investigating the risk of deadly collisions between boats and wildlife. We apply encounter rate theory to demonstrate how marine mammal-boat encounter rate can be used...
Deep divergence and structure in the Tropical Oceanic Pacific: a multilocus phylogeography of a widespread gekkonid lizard (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gehyra oceanica)
Maria A. Tonione, Robert N. Fisher, Catherine Zhu, Craig Moritz
2016, Journal of Biogeography (43) 268-278
Aim The islands of the Tropical Oceanic Pacific (TOP) host both local radiations and widespread, colonizing species. The few phylogeographical analyses of widespread species often point to recent human-aided expansions through the Pacific, suggesting that the communities are recently assembled. Here we apply multilocus data to infer biogeographical...
A generalizable energetics-based model of avian migration to facilitate continental-scale waterbird conservation
Eric V. Lonsdorf, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Sarah Jacobi, Jorge Coppen, Amelie Y. Davis, Timothy J. Fox, Patricia J. Heglund, Rex Johnson, Tim Jones, Kevin P. Kenow, James E. Lyons, Kirsten E. Luke, Shannon Still, Brian G. Tavernia
2016, Ecological Applications (26) 1136-1153
Conserving migratory birds is made especially difficult because of movement among spatially disparate locations across the annual cycle. In light of challenges presented by the scale and ecology of migratory birds, successful conservation requires integrating objectives, management, and monitoring across scales, from local management units to ecoregional and flyway administrative...
Effects of freezing on white perch Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789): Implications for multivariate morphometrics
Patrick Kocovsky
2016, Journal of Applied Ichthyology (32) 92-96
This study tested the hypothesis that duration of freezing differentially affects whole-body morphometrics of a derived teleost. Whole-body morphometrics are frequently analyzed to test hypotheses of different species, or stocks within a species, of fishes. Specimens used for morphometric analyses are typically fixed or preserved prior to analysis, yet little...
