New structural and stratigraphic insights for northwestern Pakistan from field and Landsat Thematic Mapper data
J. Robinson, R. Beck, E. Gnos, R.K. Vincent
2000, Geological Society of America Bulletin (112) 364-374
The remote Waziristan region of northwestern Pakistan includes outcrops of the India-Asia suture zone. The excellent exposure of the Waziristan ophiolite and associated sedimentary lithosomes and their inaccessibility made the use of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data desirable in this study. Landsat TM data were used to create a spectral...
Seismic anisotropy of the shallow crust at the Juan de Fuca Ridge
J. Almendros, A.H. Barclay, W.S.D. Wilcock, G.M. Purdy
2000, Geophysical Research Letters (27) 3109-3112
Microearthquake data recorded on four ocean bottom seismometers are used to study shear-wave splitting on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The covariance matrix decomposition method is used to determine the sensor orientation from explosive shot data and to estimate the anisotropy parameters for 238 earthquake records....
An updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast
D.L. Nikitina, J.E. Pizzuto, R.A. Schwimmer, K.W. Ramsey
2000, Marine Geology (171) 7-20
We present an updated Holocene sea-level curve for the Delaware coast based on new calibrations of 16 previously published radiocarbon dates (Kraft, 1976; Belknap and Kraft, 1977) and 22 new radiocarbon dates of basal peat deposits. A review of published and unpublished 137Cs and 210Pb analyses, and tide gauge data...
Walnut creek watershed monitoring project, Iowa: Monitoring water quality in response to prairie restoration
K. E. Schilling, C. A. Thompson
2000, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (36) 1101-1114
Land use and surface water data for nitrogen and pesticides (1995 to 1997) are reported for the Walnut Creek Watershed Monitoring Project, Jasper County Iowa. The Walnut Creek project was established in 1995 as a nonpoint source monitoring program in relation to watershed habitat restoration and agricultural management changes implemented...
Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California
R.S. Oremland, P.R. Dowdle, S. Hoeft, J.O. Sharp, J.K. Schaefer, L.G. Miller, Blum J. Switzer, R. L. Smith, N.S. Bloom, D. Wallschlaeger
2000, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (64) 3073-3084
The stratified (meromictic) water column of alkaline and hypersaline Mono Lake, California, contains high concentrations of dissolved inorganic arsenic (~200 ??mol/L). Arsenic speciation changes from arsenate [As (V)] to arsenite [As (III)] with the transition from oxic surface waters (misolimnion) to anoxic bottom waters (monimolimnion). A radioassay was devised to...
High levels of MHC class II allelic diversity in lake trout from Lake Superior
M.O. Dorschner, T. Duris, C.R. Bronte, M. K. Burnham-Curtis, R.B. Phillips
2000, Journal of Heredity (91) 359-363
Sequence variation in a 216 bp portion of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II B1 domain was examined in 74 individual lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from different locations in Lake Superior. Forty-three alleles were obtained which encoded 71-72 amino acids of the mature protein. These sequences were compared with previous...
Relations of habitat-specific algal assemblages to land use and water chemistry in the Willamette Basin, Oregon
K.D. Carpenter, I.R. Waite
2000, Conference Paper, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Benthic algal assemblages, water chemistry, and habitat were characterized at 25 stream sites in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, during low flow in 1994. Seventy-three algal samples yielded 420 taxa - Mostly diatoms, blue-green algae, and green algae. Algal assemblages from depositional samples were strongly dominated by diatoms (76% mean relative...
Hydrological responses to dynamically and statistically downscaled climate model output
R.L. Wilby, L.E. Hay, W.J. Gutowski Jr., R.W. Arritt, E.S. Takle, Z. Pan, G.H. Leavesley, M.P. Clark
2000, Geophysical Research Letters (27) 1199-1202
Daily rainfall and surface temperature series were simulated for the Animas River basin, Colorado using dynamically and statistically downscaled output from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis. A distributed hydrological model was then applied to the downscaled data. Relative to raw NCEP output, downscaled...
Classification methods for monitoring Arctic sea ice using OKEAN passive/active two-channel microwave data
Gennady I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas
2000, Remote Sensing of Environment (73) 307-322
This paper presents methods for classifying Arctic sea ice using both passive and active (2-channel) microwave imagery acquired by the Russian OKEAN 01 polar-orbiting satellite series. Methods and results are compared to sea ice classifications derived from nearly coincident Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer...
A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps
R.W. Jibson, E. L. Harp, J. A. Michael
2000, Engineering Geology (58) 271-289
The 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake is the first earthquake for which we have all of the data sets needed to conduct a rigorous regional analysis of seismic slope instability. These data sets include: (1) a comprehensive inventory of triggered landslides, (2) about 200 strong-motion records of the mainshock, (3) 1:24...
Sexing adult black-legged kittiwakes by DNA, behavior, and morphology
P.G.R. Jodice, Richard B. Lanctot, V.A. Gill, D.D. Roby, Scott A. Hatch
2000, Waterbirds (23) 405-415
We sexed adult Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) using DNA-based genetic techniques, behavior and morphology and compared results from these techniques. Genetic and morphology data were collected on 605 breeding kittiwakes and sex-specific behaviors were recorded for a sub-sample of 285 of these individuals. We compared sex classification based on both...
Evaluation of ground-penetrating radar to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in fractured rocks: Results of numerical modeling and physical experiments
J.W. Lane Jr., M. L. Buursink, F.P. Haeni, R.J. Versteeg
2000, Ground Water (38) 929-938
The suitability of common-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in bedrock fractures was evaluated using numerical modeling and physical experiments. The results of one- and two-dimensional numerical modeling at 100 megahertz indicate that GPR reflection amplitudes are relatively insensitive to fracture apertures ranging from 1 to 4 mm....
Alachlor transformation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms under variable oxygen and nutrient conditions
D.W. Graham, M.K. Miley, F. Denoyelles, Val H. Smith, E.M. Thurman, R. Carter
2000, Water Research (34) 4054-4062
Alachlor is one of the most commonly used herbicides in both Europe and North America. Because of its toxic properties, its fate and attenuation in natural waters is practically important. This paper assesses factors that affect alachlor decay rate in aquatic systems using field-scale experimental units. In particular, we used...
Preface paper to the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program special issue
D.C. Goodrich, A. Chehbouni, B. Goff, B. MacNish, T. Maddock, S. Moran, W.J. Shuttleworth, D. G. Williams, C. Watts, L.H. Hipps, D.I. Cooper, J. Schieldge, Y.H. Kerr, H. Arias, M. Kirkland, R. Carlos, P. Cayrol, W. Kepner, B. Jones, R. Avissar, A. Begue, J.-M. Bonnefond, G. Boulet, B. Branan, J.P. Brunel, L.C. Chen, T. Clarke, M.R. Davis, H. DeBruin, G. Dedieu, E. Elguero, W.E. Eichinger, J. Everitt, J. Garatuza-Payan, V.L. Gempko, H. Gupta, C. Harlow, O. Hartogensis, M. Helfert, C. Holifield, D. Hymer, A. Kahle, T. Keefer, S. Krishnamoorthy, J.-P. Lhomme, J.-P. Lagouarde, Seen D. Lo, D. Luquet, R. Marsett, B. Monteny, W. Ni, Y. Nouvellon, R. Pinker, C. Peters, D. Pool, J. Qi, S. Rambal, J. Rodriguez, F. Santiago, E. Sano, S.M. Schaeffer, M. Schulte, R. Scott, X. Shao, K.A. Snyder, S. Sorooshian, C.L. Unkrich, M. Whitaker, I. Yucel
2000, Conference Paper, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
The Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere Program (SALSA) is a multi-agency, multi-national research effort that seeks to evaluate the consequences of natural and human-induced environmental change in semi-arid regions. The ultimate goal of SALSA is to advance scientific understanding of the semi-arid portion of the hydrosphere-biosphere interface in order to provide reliable information...
Regional interdisciplinary paleoflood approach to assess extreme flood potential
Robert D. Jarrett, Edward M. Tomlinson
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 2957-2984
In the past decade, there has been a growing interest of dam safety officials to incorporate a risk‐based analysis for design‐flood hydrology. Extreme or rare floods, with probabilities in the range of about 10−3 to 10−7 chance of occurrence per year, are of continuing interest to the hydrologic and engineering communities for...
Updated population metadata for United States historical climatology network stations
T.W. Owen, K. P. Gallo
2000, Journal of Climate (13) 4028-4033
The United States Historical Climatology Network (HCN) serial temperature dataset is comprised of 1221 high-quality, long-term climate observing stations. The HCN dataset is available in several versions, one of which includes population-based temperature modifications to adjust urban temperatures for the "heat-island" effect. Unfortunately, the decennial population metadata file is not...
Assessing the Kansas water-level monitoring program: An example of the application of classical statistics to a geological problem
J.C. Davis
2000, The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon (75) 116-121
Geologists may feel that geological data are not amenable to statistical analysis, or at best require specialized approaches such as nonparametric statistics and geostatistics. However, there are many circumstances, particularly in systematic studies conducted for environmental or regulatory purposes, where traditional parametric statistical procedures can be beneficial. An example is...
Test of a modified habitat suitability model for bighorn sheep
L. C. Zeigenfuss, F. J. Singer, M.A. Gudorf
2000, Restoration Ecology (8) 38-46
Translocation of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is time, labor, and cost intensive and, therefore, high levels of success are desirable. We tested a widely used habitat suitability model against translocation success and then modified it to include additional factors which improved its usefulness in predicting appropriate...
Reproductive longevity and fecundity associated with nonannual spawning in cui-ui
G.G. Scoppettone, P.H. Rissler, M.E. Buettner
2000, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (129) 658-669
The cui-ui Chasmistes cujus, a long-lived (40 years or more) and highly fecund catostomid, is often prevented from spawning in drought years. We studied the effect of cui-ui age on egg viability and the effect of nonannual spawning on fecundity in relation to length, age, and growth rate. Egg hatching...
Standardizing the nomenclature of Martian impact crater ejecta morphologies
Nadine G. Barlow, Joseph M. Boyce, Francois M. Costard, Robert A. Craddock, James B. Garvin, Susan E.H. Sakimoto, Ruslan O. Kuzmin, David J. Roddy, Laurence A. Soderblom
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (105) 26733-26738
The Mars Crater Morphology Consortium recommends the use of a standardized nomenclature system when discussing Martian impact crater ejecta morphologies. The system utilizes nongenetic descriptors to identify the various ejecta morphologies seen on Mars. This system is designed to facilitate communication and collaboration between researchers. Crater morphology databases will be...
Carbonate ions and arsenic dissolution by groundwater
M.-J. Kim, J. Nriagu, S. Haack
2000, Environmental Science & Technology (34) 3094-3100
Samples of Marshall Sandstone, a major source of groundwater with elevated arsenic levels in southeast Michigan, were exposed to bicarbonate ion under controlled chemical conditions. In particular, effects of pH and redox conditions on arsenic release were evaluated. The release of arsenic from the aquifer rock was strongly related to...
Macroinvertebrate assemblages on woody debris and their relations with environmental variables in the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages, California
L. R. Brown, J. T. May
2000, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (64) 311-329
Data from 25 sites were used to evaluate associations between macroinvertebrate assemblages on large woody debris (snags) and environmental variables in the lower San Joaquin and Sacramento River drainages in California as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Samples were collected from 1993 to 1995...
Volcano geodesy: Challenges and opportunities for the 21st century
D. Dzurisin
2000, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (358) 1547-1566
Intrusions of magma beneath volcanoes deform the surrounding rock and, if the intrusion is large enough, the overlying ground surface. Numerical models generally agree that, for most eruptions, subsurface volume changes are sufficient to produce measurable deformation at the surface. Studying this deformation can help to determine the location, volume,...
Microsatellites: Evolutionary and methodological background and empirical applications at individual, population, and phylogenetic levels
Kim T. Scribner, John M. Pearce
Allan J. Baker, editor(s)
2000, Book chapter, Molecular methods in ecology
The recent proliferation and greater accessibility of molecular genetic markers has led to a growing appreciation of the ecological and evolutionary inferences that can be drawn from molecular characterizations of individuals and populations (Burke et al. 1992, Avise 1994). Different techniques have the ability to target DNA sequences which have...
Pollen-based biomes for Beringia 18,000, 6000 and 0 14C yr BP
M. E. Edwards, P. M. Anderson, L.B. Brubaker, T. A. Ager, A.A. Andreev, N.H. Bigelow, L.C. Cwynar, Wendy R. Eisner, S. P. Harrison, F.-S. Hu, D. Jolly, A.V. Lozhkin, G. M. MacDonald, Cary J. Mock, J.C. Ritchie, A.V. Sher, R.W. Spear, J.W. Williams, G. Yu
2000, Journal of Biogeography (27) 521-554
The objective biomization method developed by Prentice et al. (1996) for Europe was extended using modern pollen samples from Beringia and then applied to fossil pollen data to reconstruct palaeovegetation patterns at 6000 and 18,000 14C yr BP. The predicted modern distribution of tundra, taiga and cool conifer forests in...
