Stanford-USGS shrimp-RG ion microprobe: A new approach to determining the distribution of trace elements in coal
A. Kolker, J. L. Wooden, H.M. Persing, R. A. Zielinski
2000, ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints (45) 542-546
The distribution of Cr and other trace metals of environmental interest in a range of widely used U.S. coals was investigated using the Stanford-USGS SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe . Using the oxygen ion source, concentrations of Cr (11 to 176 ppm), V (23 to 248 ppm), Mn (2 to 149 ppm),...
Carbonate ions and arsenic dissolution by groundwater
M.-J. Kim, J. Nriagu, S. Haack
2000, Environmental Science & Technology (34) 3094-3100
Samples of Marshall Sandstone, a major source of groundwater with elevated arsenic levels in southeast Michigan, were exposed to bicarbonate ion under controlled chemical conditions. In particular, effects of pH and redox conditions on arsenic release were evaluated. The release of arsenic from the aquifer rock was strongly related to...
Using structural equation modeling to investigate relationships among ecological variables
Z.A. Malaeb, J.Kevin Summers, B.H. Pugesek
2000, Environmental and Ecological Statistics (7) 93-111
Structural equation modeling is an advanced multivariate statistical process with which a researcher can construct theoretical concepts, test their measurement reliability, hypothesize and test a theory about their relationships, take into account measurement errors, and consider both direct and indirect effects of variables on one another. Latent variables are theoretical...
Vegetation composition and structure of southern coastal plain pine forests: An ecological comparison
C.W. Hedman, S.L. Grace, S.E. King
2000, Forest Ecology and Management (134) 233-247
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems are characterized by a diverse community of native groundcover species. Critics of plantation forestry claim that loblolly (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) forests are devoid of native groundcover due to associated management practices. As a result of these practices, some believe that ecosystem...
Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions
J.A. Davis, D.B. Kent, J.A. Coston, K.M. Hess, J.L. Joye
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 119-134
A field investigation of multispecies reactive transport was conducted in a well‐characterized, sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The aquifer is characterized by regions of differing chemical conditions caused by the disposal of secondary sewage effluent. Ten thousand liters of groundwater with added tracers (Br, Cr(VI), and EDTA...
Combining accuracy assessment of land-cover maps with environmental monitoring programs
S.V. Stehman, R.L. Czaplewski, S.M. Nusser, L. Yang, Z. Zhu
2000, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (64) 115-126
A scientifically valid accuracy assessment of a large-area, land-cover map is expensive. Environmental monitoring programs offer a potential source of data to partially defray the cost of accuracy assessment while still maintaining the statistical validity. In this article, three general strategies for combining accuracy assessment and environmental monitoring protocols are...
Landslide triggering by rain infiltration
Richard M. Iverson
2000, Water Resources Research (36) 1897-1910
Landsliding in response to rainfall involves physical processes that operate on disparate timescales. Relationships between these timescales guide development of a mathematical model that uses reduced forms of Richards equation to evaluate effects of rainfall infiltration on landslide occurrence, timing, depth, and acceleration in diverse situations. The longest pertinent timescale...
Late summer survival of adult female and juvenile spectacled eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Paul L. Flint, J. Barry, J.A. Morse, T.F. Fondell
2000, Waterbirds (23) 292-297
We used radio-telemetry to examine survival of adult female and juvenile Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) from 30 days after hatch until departure from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) during 1997-1999. Juvenile survival was 71.4%; adult female survival was 88.5%. Mink (Mustella vison) were the most common predator identified for both adults...
Gap analysis: Concepts, methods, and recent results
M.D. Jennings
2000, Landscape Ecology (15) 5-20
Rapid progress is being made in the conceptual, technical, and organizational requirements for generating synoptic multi-scale views of the earth's surface and its biological content. Using the spatially comprehensive data that are now available, researchers, land managers, and land-use planners can, for the first time, quantitatively place landscape units -...
Uncertain nest fates in songbird studies and variation in Mayfield estimation
J.C. Manolis, D. E. Andersen, F.J. Cuthbert
2000, The Auk (117) 615-626
Determining whether nesting attempts are successful can be difficult. Yet, current protocols for estimating nesting success do not address how uncertain nest fates should be handled. We examined the problem of nest-fate uncertainty as it relates to Mayfield estimation of nesting success and in analyses of factors that influence success....
Schaben field, Kansas: Improving performance in a Mississippian shallow-shelf carbonate
Scott L. Montgomery, E. K. Franseen, S. Bhattacharya, P. Gerlach, A. Byrnes, W. Guy, T.R. Carr
2000, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (84) 1069-1086
Schaben field (Kansas), located along the northeastern shelf of the Hugoton embayment, produces from Mississippian carbonates in erosional highs immediately beneath a regional unconformity. Production comes from depths of around 4400 ft (1342 m) in partially dolomitized shelf deposits. A detailed reservoir characterization/simulation study, recently performed as part of a...
Using imaging spectroscopy to map acidic mine waste
G.A. Swayze, K. S. Smith, R. N. Clark, S. J. Sutley, R.M. Pearson, J.S. Vance, P. L. Hageman, Paul H. Briggs, A. L. Meier, M.J. Singleton, S. Roth
2000, Environmental Science & Technology (34) 47-54
The process of pyrite oxidation at the surface of mine waste may produce acidic water that is gradually neutralized as it drains away from the waste, depositing different Fe-bearing secondary minerals in roughly concentric zones that emanate from mine-waste piles. These Fe-bearing minerals are indicators of the geochemical conditions under...
The northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part II: Exhumation history and detachment faulting
V. Pease, D. Foster, J. Wooden, P. O'Sullivan, J. Argent, C. Fanning
2000, Geological Society Special Publication (164) 199-238
Thermochronologic and thermobarometric data reveal the timing, distribution and intensity of thermal events associated with detachment faulting in the Sacramento Mountains metamorphic core complex. In the northwest Sacramento Mountains, cooling rates of c. 100°C Ma−1 are associated with Late Cretaceous plutonism followed by cooling of the crust by thermal conduction....
Classification methods for monitoring Arctic sea ice using OKEAN passive/active two-channel microwave data
Gennady I. Belchansky, David C. Douglas
2000, Remote Sensing of Environment (73) 307-322
This paper presents methods for classifying Arctic sea ice using both passive and active (2-channel) microwave imagery acquired by the Russian OKEAN 01 polar-orbiting satellite series. Methods and results are compared to sea ice classifications derived from nearly coincident Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer...
Molecular analysis of population genetic structure and recolonization of rainbow trout following the Cantara spill
J.L. Nielsen, Erika L. Heine, Christina A. Gan, Monique C. Fountain
2000, California Fish and Game (86) 21-40
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and allelic frequency data for 12 microsatellite loci were used to analyze population genetic structure and recolonization by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, following the 1991 Cantara spill on the upper Sacramento River, California. Genetic analyses were performed on 1,016 wild rainbow trout collected between...
The United States Board on Geographic Names: Standardization or regulation?
R.L. Payne
2000, Names (48) 177-192
The United States Board on Geographic Names was created in 1890 to standardize the use of geographic names on federal maps and documents, and was established in its present form in 1947 by public law. The Board is responsible for geographic name usage and application throughout the federal government and...
Liquefaction evidence for the strength of ground motions resulting from Late Holocene Cascadia subduction earthquakes, with emphasis on the event of 1700 A.D.
S. F. Obermeier, S.E. Dickenson
2000, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (90) 876-896
During the past decade, paleoseismic studies done by many researchers in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest have shown that regional downdropping and subsequent tsunami inundation occurred in response to a major earthquake along the Cascadia subduction zone. This earthquake occurred almost certainly in 1700 A.D., and is believed...
Development of a grid-cell topographic surface for Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia
Cynthia S. Loftin, Wiley Rasberry, Wiley M. Kitchens
2000, Wetlands (20) 487-499
The Okefenokee Swamp is a 160,000 ha freshwater wetland in Southeast Georgia, USA that developed in a landscape basin. Hydrologic variability across the swamp suggests that water-surface elevations are not uniform across the swamp. The topographic surface map discussed herein was developed to describe the swamp topography at local to...
Macroinvertebrate assemblages on woody debris and their relations with environmental variables in the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin River drainages, California
L. R. Brown, J. T. May
2000, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (64) 311-329
Data from 25 sites were used to evaluate associations between macroinvertebrate assemblages on large woody debris (snags) and environmental variables in the lower San Joaquin and Sacramento River drainages in California as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Samples were collected from 1993 to 1995...
The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer
Bruce M. Jakosky, Michael T. Mellon, Hugh H. Kieffer, Phillip R. Christensen, E. Stacy Varnes, Steven W. Lee
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets (105) 9643-9652
We have used Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer thermal emission measurements to derive the thermal inertia of the Martian surface at the ∼100-km spatial scale. We have validated the use of nighttime-only measurements to derive thermal inertia as well as the use of a single wavelength band versus...
Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the San Francisco Bay area
J.A. Hole, T.M. Brocher, S.L. Klemperer, T. Parsons, H.M. Benz, K.P. Furlong
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 13859-13874
Seismic travel times from the northern California earthquake catalogue and from the 1991 Bay Area Seismic Imaging Experiment (BASIX) refraction survey were used to obtain a three-dimensional model of the seismic velocity structure of the San Francisco Bay area. Nonlinear tomography was used to simultaneously invert for both velocity and...
Dating of major normal fault systems using thermochronology: An example from the Raft River detachment, Basin and Range, western United States
M.L. Wells, L.W. Snee, A.E. Blythe
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 16303-16327
Application of thermochronological techniques to major normal fault systems can resolve the timing of initiation and duration of extension, rates of motion on detachment faults, timing of ductile mylonite formation and passage of rocks through the crystal-plastic to brittle transition, and multiple events of extensional unroofing. Here we determine the...
The enigma of the Arthur's Pass, New Zealand, earthquake: 1. Reconciling a variety of data for an unusual earthquake sequence
R.E. Abercrombie, T.H. Webb, R. Robinson, P.J. McGinty, J.J. Mori, R.J. Beavan
2000, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (105) 16119-16137
The 1994 Arthur's Pass earthquake (MW6.7) is the largest in a recent sequence of earthquakes in the central South Island, New Zealand. No surface rupture was observed, the aftershock distribution was complex, and routine methods of obtaining the faulting orientation of this earthquake proved contradictory. We use a range of...
Sequential dome-collapse nuées ardentes analyzed from broadband seismic data, Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
A. Brodscholl, S.B. Kirbani, B. Voight
2000, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (100) 363-369
During the sequential dome collapse of Merapi Volcano on 22 November 1994, a broadband seismic station on the western slope was the only operational seismic equipment that provided continuous on-scale recording of the event. According to visual and seismic observations, the collapse activity lasted about 10 h. We divide the...
Precipitation areal-reduction factor estimation using an annual-maxima centered approach
W.H. Asquith, J.S. Famiglietti
2000, Journal of Hydrology (230) 55-69
The adjustment of precipitation depth of a point storm to an effective (mean) depth over a watershed is important for characterizing rainfall-runoff relations and for cost-effective designs of hydraulic structures when design storms are considered. A design storm is the precipitation point depth having a specified duration and frequency (recurrence...
