The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks
A. F. White, A.E. Blum, T.D. Bullen, D.V. Vivit, M. Schulz, J. Fitzpatrick
1999, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (63) 3277-3291
The effects of climatic temperature variations (5-35??C) on chemical weathering are investigated both experimentally using flow-through columns containing fresh and weathered granitoid rocks and for natural granitoid weathering in watersheds based on annual solute discharge. Although experimental Na and Si effluent concentrations are significantly higher in the fresh relative to...
Estimation of nitrate contamination of an agro-ecosystem outwash aquifer using a nitrogen mass-balance budget
L.J. Puckett, T.K. Cowdery, D. L. Lorenz, J.D. Stoner
1999, Journal of Environmental Quality (28) 2015-2025
A mass-balance budget of N cycling was developed for an intensive agricultural area in west-central Minnesota to better understand NO3/- contamination of ground water in the Otter Tail outwash aquifer. Fertilizer, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and animal feed were the N sources, and crop harvests, animal product exports, volatilization from...
Integrated foraminiferal biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the querecual formation (Cretaceous), Eastern Venezuela
S. Crespo De Cabrera, W.V. Sliter, I. Jarvis
1999, Journal of Foraminiferal Research (29) 487-499
An integrated foraminiferal biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy is presented for the Lower to Upper Cretaceous Querecual Formation exposed on Chimana Grande Island, Eastern Venezuela. The formation consists of >450 m alternating foraminiferal and organic-rich carbonates and laminated mudrocks, and is considered the main hydrocarbon source rock for the eastern Venezuela Basin....
Development and corroboration of a bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) feeding on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River
J.H. Petersen, D.L. Ward
1999, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (128) 784-801
A bioenergetics model was developed and corroborated for northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis, an important predator on juvenile salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. Predictions of modeled predation rate on salmonids were compared with field data from three areas of John Day Reservoir (Columbia River). To make bioenergetics model estimates of predation...
Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future
Thomas W. Swetnam, Craig D. Allen, Julio L. Betancourt
1999, Ecological Applications (9) 1189-1206
Applied historical ecology is the use of historical knowledge in the management of ecosystems. Historical perspectives increase our understanding of the dynamic nature of landscapes and provide a frame of reference for assessing modern patterns and processes. Historical records, however, are often too brief or fragmentary to be useful, or...
Age and thermal history of the Geysers plutonic complex (felsite unit), Geysers geothermal field, California: A 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb study
G. B. Dalrymple, M. Grove, O.M. Lovera, T.M. Harrison, J. B. Hulen, M. A. Lanphere
1999, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (173) 285-298
Sixty-nine ion microprobe spot analyses of zircons from four granite samples from the plutonic complex that underlies the Geysers geothermal field yield 207Pb/206Pb vs. 238U/206Pb concordia ages ranging from 1.13 ?? 0.04 Ma to 1.25 ?? 0.04 (1??) Ma. The weighted mean of the U/Pb model ages is 1.18 ??...
Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils
I. Klich, L.P. Wilding, L.R. Drees, E. R. Landa
1999, Soil Science Society of America Journal (63) 1274-1283
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is recognized by the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available technology for the containment of contaminated soils and other hazardous wastes that cannot be destroyed by chemical, thermal, or biological means. Despite the increased use of S/S technologies, little research has been conducted on the weathering and...
Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California
T. Parsons, P. E. Hart
1999, Geology (27) 839-842
The San Francisco Bay area is crossed by several right-lateral strike-slip faults of the San Andreas fault zone. Fault-plane reflections reveal that two of these faults, the San Andreas and Hayward, dip toward each other below seismogenic depths at 60° and 70°, respectively,...
Effects of southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans on red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis reproductive success
K. S. Laves, Susan C. Loeb
1999, Animal Conservation (2) 295-303
Anecdotal data gathered from many populations suggest that southern flying squirrel (SFS, Glaucomys volans) use of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker's (RCW, Picoides borealis) nest and roost cavities may negatively affect RCW populations. We conducted a controlled experiment to determine the effects of SFSs on RCW reproductive success. During the 1994 and 1995...
Comparison of temporal trends in ambient and compliance trace element and PCB data in pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, 1985-1995
J. Anderson, J. Perry
1999, Environmental Management (24) 497-507
The Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring has suggested studies on ambient (in-stream) and compliance (wastewater) data to determine if monitoring can be reduced locally or nationally. The similarity in temporal trends between retrospective ambient and compliance water-quality data collected from Pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, was determined for...
Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management
D. L. Schmoldt, David L. Peterson, Robert E. Keane, J. M. Lenihan, D. McKenzie, David R. Weise, D. V. Sandberg
1999, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-455
A team of fire scientists and resource managers convened 17-19 April 1996 in Seattle, Washington, to assess the effects of fire disturbance on ecosystems. Objectives of this workshop were to develop scientific recommendations for future fire research and management activities. These recommendations included a series of numerically ranked scientific and...
Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols
G.E. Granato, K.P. Smith
1999, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (19) 81-89
Robowell is an automated process for monitoring selected ground water quality properties and constituents by pumping a well or multilevel sampler. Robowell was developed and tested to provide a cost-effective monitoring system that meets protocols expected for manual sampling. The process uses commercially available electronics, instrumentation, and hardware, so it...
Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in southern Texas
L.D. Igl, B.M. Ballard
1999, Condor (101) 771-782
We report on the habitat associations of 21 species of grassland birds overwintering in or migrating through southern Texas, during 1991-1992 and 1992-1993. Ninety percent of our grassland bird observations were made during winter and spring, and only 10% occurred during fall. Grassland species made up a high proportion of...
Complex effusive events at Kilauea as documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras
A.J.L. Harris, C.R. Thornber
1999, Bulletin of Volcanology (61) 382-395
GOES provides thermal data for all of the Hawaiian volcanoes once every 15 min. We show how volcanic radiance time series produced from this data stream can be used as a simple measure of effusive activity. Two types of radiance trends in these time series can be used to monitor...
Brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison: Quantitative serology and infection
T.J. Roffe, Jack C. Rhyan, K. Aune, L.M. Philo, D.R. Ewalt, T. Gidlewski, S.G. Hennager
1999, Journal of Wildlife Management (63) 1132-1137
We collected complete sets of tissues, fluids, and swabs (approx 30) from 37 Yellowstone National Park (YNP) female bison (Bison bison) killed as a result of management actions by the Montana Department of Livestock and YNP personnel. Our goal was to establish the relation between blood tests demonstrating an animal...
Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus)
F.A. Parrish, T. L. Martinelli-Liedtke
1999, Pacific Science (53) 361-366
Data on the nutritional status of spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) were collected on the commercial trapping grounds of Necker Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in the summers of 1991, 1994, and 1995. Glycogen levels measured in abdominal tissue of intermolt males were used as an index of nutritional health of the...
An integrated environmental assessment of the US mid-atlantic region
James D. Wickham, K. Bruce Jones, Kurt H. Riitters, Robert V. O’Neill, R.D. Tankersley, Elizabeth R. Smith, Anne Neale, D.J. Chaloud
1999, Environmental Management (24) 553-560
Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. We developed a simple method to provide an integrated assessment of environmental conditions and estimate cumulative impacts across a large region, by combining data on land-cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography. The integrated...
Nevada STORMS project: Measurement of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surfaces
M.S. Gustin, S. Lindberg, F. Marsik, A. Casimir, R. Ebinghaus, G. Edwards, C. Hubble-Fitzgerald, R. Kemp, H. Kock, T. Leonard, J. London, M. Majewski, C. Montecinos, J. Owens, M. Pilote, L. Poissant, P. Rasmussen, F. Schaedlich, D. Schneeberger, W. Schroeder, J. Sommar, R. Turner, A. Vette, D. Wallschlaeger, Z. Xiao, H. Zhang
1999, Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres (104) 21831-21844
Diffuse anthropogenic and naturally mercury-enriched areas represent long-lived sources of elemental mercury to the atmosphere. The Nevada Study and Tests of the Release of Mercury From Soils (STORMS) project focused on the measurement of mercury emissions from a naturally enriched area. During the project, concurrent measurements of mercury fluxes from...
Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake
C. Mendoza, S. Hartzell
1999, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (89) 1338-1344
Broadband teleseismic P waves have been analyzed to recover the rupture history of the large (MS 7.4) Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, shallow interplate thrust earthquake of 9 October 1995. Ground-displacement records in the period range of 1-60 sec are inverted using a linear, finite-fault waveform inversion procedure that...
A siphon gage for monitoring surface-water levels
Timothy D. McCobb, Denis R. LeBlanc, Roy S. Socolow
1999, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (35) 1141-1146
A device that uses a siphon tube to establish a hydraulic connection between the bottom of an onshore standpipe and a point at the bottom of a water body was designed and tested for monitoring surface-water levels. Water is added to the standpipe to a level sufficient to drive a...
Observations of turbulence in a partially stratified estuary
M.T. Stagey, Stephen G. Monismith, J.R. Burau
1999, Journal of Physical Oceanography (29) 1950-1970
The authors present a field study of estuarine turbulence in which profiles of Reynolds stresses were directly measured using an ADCP throughout a 25-h tidal day. The dataset that is discussed quantifies turbulent mixing for a water column in northern San Francisco Bay that experiences a sequence of states that...
Seasonal movements, migration, and range sizes of subadult and adult Bamforth Lake California Gulls
B.H. Pugesek, K.L. Diem, C.L. Cordes
1999, Waterbirds (22) 29-36
We investigated seasonal migration patterns of three age classes of California Gulls (Larus californicus). Using band recovery data and reported sightings of patagially marked gulls, we constructed location maps for fledglings, one to two-year-old gulls, and breeding-age adult gulls during five time periods: spring migration, breeding season, early and late...
Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation
Jonathan M. Friedman, Gregor T. Auble
1999, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management (15) 463-476
To explore how high flows limit the streamward extent of riparian vegetation we quantified the effects of sediment mobilization and extended inundation on box elder (Acer negundo) saplings along the cobble-bed Gunnison River in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument, Colorado, USA. We counted and aged box elders in...
Volatile organic compounds in untreated ambient groundwater of the United States, 1985-1995
P. J. Squillace, M.J. Moran, W.W. Lapham, C. V. Price, R.M. Clawges, J.S. Zogorski
1999, Environmental Science & Technology (33) 4176-4187
As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, an assessment of 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in untreated, ambient groundwater of the conterminous United States was conducted based on samples collected from 2948 wells between 1985 and 1995. The samples represent urban and rural areas...
Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake
S. Hartzell, S. Harmsen, A. Frankel, S. Larsen
1999, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (89) 1484-1504
This article compares techniques for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion in the near field of a finite fault by comparing synthetics with the strong-motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Based on this comparison, a preferred methodology is presented. Ground-motion-simulation...
