Making the transition to the third era of natural resources management
Nathan L. Stephenson
2015, The George Wright Forum (31) 227-235
We are entering the third era of National Park Service (NPS) natural resources management— an era defined by rapid and unprecedented global changes. This third era promises to overturn not only some of our most fundamental assumptions about parks and protected areas, but also many of the ideals we currently...
Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large-scale dam removal
Amy Draut, Andrew C. Ritchie
2015, River Research and Applications (31) 42-61
Removal of two dams 32 m and 64 m high on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, provided the first opportunity to examine river response to a dam removal and controlled sediment influx on such a large scale. Although many recent river-restoration efforts have included dam removal, large dam removals have...
Depletion of florfenicol amine in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) maintained in a recirculating aquaculture system following Aquaflor®-medicated feed therapy
Mark P. Gaikowski, Melissa K. Whitsel, Shawn Charles, Susan M. Schleis, Louis S. Crouch, Richard G. Endris
2015, Aquaculture Research (46) 1842-1857
Aquaflor® [50% w w−1 florfenicol (FFC)], is approved for use in freshwater‐reared warmwater finfish which include tilapia Oreochromis spp. in the United States to control mortality from Streptococcus iniae. The depletion of florfenicol amine (FFA), the marker residue of FFC, was evaluated after feeding FFC‐medicated feed to deliver a nominal 20 mg FFC kg−1 BW d−1 dose (1.33× the label use of...
USGS46 Greenland ice core water – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water
Tyler B. Coplen, Haiping Qi, Lauren V. Tarbox, Jennifer M. Lorenz, Bryan Buck
2015, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research (38) 153-157
Ice core from Greenland was melted, filtered, homogenised, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and calibrated by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference material (RM), USGS46, is intended as one of two secondary isotopic reference waters for daily normalisation of stable hydrogen (δ2H) and stable...
Occupancy patterns of mammals and lentic amphibians in the Elwha River riparian zone before dam removal
Kurt J. Jenkins, Nathan Chelgren, K.A. Sager-Fradkin, P.J. Happe, M. J. Adams
2015, River Research and Applications (31) 193-206
The downstream transport of sediments and organics and upstream migration of anadromous fishes are key ecological processes in unregulated riverine ecosystems of the North Pacific coast, but their influence on wildlife habitats and populations is poorly documented. Removal of two large hydroelectric dams in Washington’s Elwha Valley provides an unprecedented...
Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios
Kristin B. Byrd, Jamie L. Ratliff, Anne Wein, Norman B. Bliss, Benjamin M. Sleeter, Terry L. Sohl, Zhengpeng Li
2015, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (20) 439-465
We examined opportunities for avoided loss of wetland carbon stocks in the Great Plains of the United States in the context of future agricultural expansion through analysis of land-use land-cover (LULC) change scenarios, baseline carbon datasets and biogeochemical model outputs. A wetland map that classifies wetlands according to carbon pools...
Blood from a turnip: tissue origin of low-coverage shotgun sequencing libraries affects recovery of mitogenome sequences
F. Keith Barker, Sara Oyler-McCance, Diana F. Tomback
2015, Mitochondrial DNA (26) 384-388
Next generation sequencing methods allow rapid, economical accumulation of data that have many applications, even at relatively low levels of genome coverage. However, the utility of shotgun sequencing data sets for specific goals may vary depending on the biological nature of the samples sequenced. We show that the ability to...
Land use and management change under climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies: a U.S. case study
Jianhong E. Mu, Anne Wein, Bruce McCarl
2015, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (20) 1041-1054
We examine the effects of crop management adaptation and climate mitigation strategies on land use and land management, plus on related environmental and economic outcomes. We find that crop management adaptation (e.g. crop mix, new species) increases Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 1.7 % under a more severe climate projection...
The precarious persistence of the endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA
Adam R. Backlin, Cynthia J. Hitchcock, Elizabeth A. Gallegos, Julie L. Yee, Robert N. Fisher
2015, Oryx (49) 157-164
We conducted surveys for the Endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa throughout southern California to evaluate the current distribution and status of the species. Surveys were conducted during 2000–2009 at 150 unique streams and lakes within the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Palomar mountains of southern California....
Survival and behavioral effects of exposure to a hydrokinetic turbine on juvenile Atlantic salmon and adult American shad
Theodore R. Castro-Santos, Alex Haro
2015, Estuaries and Coasts (38) 203-214
This paper describes a series of experiments designed to measure the effect of exposure to a full-scale, vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine on downstream migrating juvenile Atlantic salmon (N=75) and upstream migrating adult American shad (N=208). Controlled studies were performed in a large-scale, open-channel flume, and all individuals approached the turbine...
A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10
Matthew R. Patrick, John L. Smellie
2015, Antarctic Science (25) 475-500
Of the more than twenty historically active volcanoes in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic region only two, to our knowledge, host any ground-based monitoring instruments. Moreover, because of their remoteness, most of the volcanoes are seldom visited, thus relegating the monitoring of volcanism in this region almost entirely to satellites. In...
The use of wavenumber normalization in computing spatially averaged coherencies (KRSPAC) of microtremor data from asymmetric arrays
M.W. Asten, William J. Stephenson, Stephen H. Hartzell
2015, Conference Paper
The SPAC method of processing microtremor noise observations for estimation of Vs profiles has a limitation that the array has circular or triangular symmetry in order to allow spatial (azimuthal) averaging of inter-station coherencies over a constant station separation. Common processing methods allow for station separations to vary by typically...
Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water-table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario
Martha L. Carlson Mazur, Michael J. Wiley, Douglas A. Wilcox
2015, Ecohydrology (7) 378-390
The use of diurnal water-table fluctuation methods to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) and groundwater flow is of increasing interest in ecohydrological studies. Most studies of this type, however, have been located in riparian wetlands of semi-arid regions where groundwater levels are consistently below topographic surface elevations and precipitation events are infrequent....
Pathologic and physiologic effects associated with long-term intracoelomic transmitters in captive Siberian sturgeon
S. Shaun Boone, Stephen J. Divers, Alvin C. Camus, Douglas C. Peterson, Cecil A. Jennings, James L. Shelton, Sonia M. Hernandez
2015, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (33) 869-877
Intracoelomic transmitters are commonly used to evaluate migratory patterns, distribution, and habitat use of many species of fish. Currently, transmitter implantation relies mostly on the assumption that transmitters do not cause any adverse physiological or pathological effects on the animal. To investigate these effects, we surgically implanted 60 Siberian Sturgeon...
Evaluation of four suture materials for surgical incision closure in Siberian sturgeon
S. Shaun Boone, Sonia M. Hernandez, Alvin C. Camus, Douglas C. Peterson, Cecil A. Jennings, James L. Shelton, Stephen J. Divers
2015, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (142) 649-659
The visual and microscopic tissue reactions to the absorbable monofilament Monocryl, absorbable monofilament triclosan-coated Monocryl-Plus, absorbable multifilament Vicryl, and nonabsorbable monofilament Prolene were evaluated for their use of surgical closure in Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Postoperative assessments were conducted at 1, 2, 8, 12, and 26 and 55 weeks to visually...
Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus shale gas development, Tioga County, Pennsylvania
John Williams, Dennis W. Risser, Clifford H. Dodge
2015, Open-File Report 15-24.0
An integrated analysis of core, geophysical logs, gas isotopes, and specific-depth water-quality samples from the Cherry Flats test hole was used to characterize the stratigraphy, water-bearing zones, and groundwater quality at a site in southern Tioga County, Pennsylvania. The study was completed as a cooperative effort between the Pennsylvania Department...
Sequence stratigraphic framework of upper pliocene to holocene sediments of the Los Angeles Basin, California: Implications for aquifer architecture
Kenneth D. Ehman, Brian D. Edwards, Daniel J. Ponti
2015, Book
Executive Summary Groundwater provides more than one-third of the municipal water supply for the coastal Los Angeles Basin and defining the aquifer architecture is a high priority for ground-water managers. Sequence stratigraphy, the state-of-the-art method for delineating reservoir geometry and continuity in the petroleum industry, is now being incorporated into ground water...
Deep-Water Acoustic Anomalies from Methane Hydrate in the Bering Sea
Warren T. Wood, Ginger A. Barth, David W. Scholl, Nina Lebedeva-Ivanova
2015, Report, NRL Review
A recent expedition to the central Bering Sea, one of the most remote locations in the world, has yielded observations confirming gas and gas hydrates in this deep ocean basin. Significant sound speed anomalies found using inversion of pre-stack seismic data are observed in association with variable seismic amplitude anomalies in...
Limnology of the Green Lakes Valley: Phytoplankton ecology and dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry at a long-term ecological research site
Matthew P. Miller, Diane M. McKnight
2015, Plant Ecology and Diversity (8) 689-702
Background: Surface waters are the lowest points in the landscape, and therefore serve as excellent integrators and indicators of changes taking place in the surrounding terrestrial and atmospheric environment.Aims: Here we synthesise the findings of limnological studies conducted during the past 15 years in streams and lakes in the Green...
East versus West: organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico
Stacy S. Vander Pol, Daniel W. Anderson, Patrick G.R. Jodice, Joyce E. Stuckey
2015, Science of the Total Environment (438) 527-532
Brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) were listed as endangered in the United States in 1970, largely due to reproductive failure and mortality caused by organochlorine contaminants, such as DDT. The southeast population, P.o. carolinensis, was delisted in 1985, while the west coast population, P.o. californicus, was not delisted until 2009. As fish-eating coastal...
Climate-induced changes in lake ecosystem structure inferred from coupled neo- and paleoecological approaches
Jasmine E. Saros, Jeffery R. Stone, Gregory T. Pederson, Krista Slemmons, Trisha Spanbauer, Anna Schliep, Douglas Cahl, Craig E. Williamson, Daniel R. Engstrom
2015, Ecology (93) 2155-2164
Over the 20th century, surface water temperatures have increased in many lake ecosystems around the world, but long-term trends in the vertical thermal structure of lakes remain unclear, despite the strong control that thermal stratification exerts on the biological response of lakes to climate change. Here we used both neo-...
Visualizing impact structures using high-resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs: A case study of two structures in Missouri
Michael P. Finn, Gary W. Krizanich, Kevin R. Evans, Melissa R. Cox, Kristina H. Yamamoto
2015, Surveying and Land Information Science (72) 87-97
Evidence suggests that a crypto-explosive hypothesis and a meteorite impact hypothesis may be partly correct in explaining several anomalous geological features in the middle of the United States. We used a primary geographic information science (GIScience) technique of creating a digital elevation model (DEM) of two of these features that...
How to build and teach with QuakeCaster: an earthquake demonstration and exploration tool
Kelsey Linton, Ross S. Stein
2015, Open-File Report 2011-1158
QuakeCaster is an interactive, hands-on teaching model that simulates earthquakes and their interactions along a plate-boundary fault. QuakeCaster contains the minimum number of physical processes needed to demonstrate most observable earthquake features. A winch to steadily reel in a line simulates the steady plate tectonic motions far from the plate...
Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants)
Colin P. Groves, David M. Leslie Jr., Brent A. Huffman, Raul Valdez, Khushal Habibi, Paul Weinberg, James Burton, Peter Jarman, William Robichaud
2015, Book chapter, Handbook of Mammals of the World, Vol. II Hoofed Mammals
Probably the single most eye-catching aspect of the current volume is the explosion of species recognized in the family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World listed 143 species in 50 genera of Bovidae. That list, prepared by the late Peter Grubb, was...
An interpolation method for stream habitat assessments
Kenneth R. Sheehan, Stuart A. Welsh
2015, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (29) 1-9
Interpolation of stream habitat can be very useful for habitat assessment. Using a small number of habitat samples to predict the habitat of larger areas can reduce time and labor costs as long as it provides accurate estimates of habitat. The spatial correlation of stream habitat variables such as substrate...
