In-situ stress and fracture permeability in a fault-hosted geothermal reservoir at Dixie Valley, Nevada
Stephen Hickman, Colleen Barton, Mark Zoback, Roger Morin, John Sass, Richard Benoit
Anon, editor(s)
1997, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
As part of a study relating fractured rock hydrology to in-situ stress and recent deformation within the Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, borehole televiewer logging and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were conducted in a 2.7-km-deep geothermal production well (73B-7) drilled into the Stillwater fault zone. Borehole televiewer logs from well 73B-7...
Excavation of red squirrel middens by grizzly bears in the whitebark pine zone
D.J. Mattson, Daniel P. Reinhart
1997, Journal of Applied Ecology (34) 926-940
Whitebark pine seeds Pinus albicaulis are an important food of grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis bears wherever whitebark pine is abundant in the contiguous United States of America; availability of seeds affects the distribution of bears, and the level of conflict between bears and humans. Almost all of the seeds consumed...
Long-term limnological data from the larger lakes of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
E.C. Theriot, S.C. Fritz, Robert E. Gresswell
1997, Arctic and Alpine Research (29) 304-314
Long-term limnological data from the four largest lakes in Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone, Lewis, Shoshone, Heart) are used to characterize their limnology and patterns of temporal and spatial variability. Heart Lake has distinctively high concentrations of dissolved materials, apparently reflecting high thermal inputs. Shoshone and Lewis lakes have the highest...
Use of remote-sensing techniques to survey the physical habitat of large rivers
Thomas A. Edsall, Thomas E. Behrendt, Gary Cholwek, Jeffery W. Frey, Gregory W. Kennedy, Stephen B. Smith
Thomas A. Edsall, Thomas E. Behrendt, Gary Cholwek, Jeffrey W. Frey, Gregory W. Kennedy, Stephen B. Smith, editor(s)
1997, Report
Remote-sensing techniques that can be used to quantitatively characterize the physical habitat in large rivers in the United States where traditional survey approaches typically used in small- and medium-sized streams and rivers would be ineffective or impossible to apply. The state-of-the-art remote-sensing technologies that we discuss here include side-scan...
Effects of road management on movement and survival of Roosevelt elk
Eric K. Cole, Michael D. Pope, Robert G. Anthony
1997, Journal of Wildlife Management (61) 1115-1126
Road closures frequently are used to manage for Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), but no studies have evaluated the effects of limited vehicle access on movements and survival of Roosevelt elk (C. elaphus roosevelti). We studied movements and survival of female Roosevelt elk before Road Management Areas (RMA) were...
Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus radiometric calibration
B. L. Markham, Wayne C. Boncyk, D. L. Helder, J. L. Barker
1997, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (23) 318-332
Landsat-7 is currently being built and tested for launch in 1998. The Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor for Landsat-7, a derivative of the highly successful Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors on Landsats 4 and 5, and the Landsat-7 ground system are being built to provide enhanced radiometric calibration performance. In...
The multi-channel infrared sea truth radiometric calibrator (MISTRC)
M.J. Suarez, W. J. Emery, G.A. Wick
1997, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (42) 22-25
A new multichannel infrared sea truth radiometer has been designed and built to improve validation of satellite-determined sea surface temperature. Horizontal grid polarized filters installed on the shortwave channels are very effective in reducing reflected solar radiation and in improving the noise characteristics. The system uses a continuous (every other...
NDVI, C3 and C4 production, and distributions in Great Plains grassland land cover classes
L.L. Tieszen, Bradley C. Reed, Norman B. Bliss, Bruce K. Wylie, Benjamin D. DeJong
1997, Ecological Applications (7) 59-78
The distributions of C3 and C4 grasses were used to interpret the distribution, seasonal performance, and potential production of grasslands in the Great Plains of North America. Thirteen major grassland seasonal land cover classes were studied with data from three distinct sources. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from...
Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso
P. K. Thornton, W. T. Bowen, A. C. Ravelo, P. W. Wilkens, G. Farmer, J. Brock, J. E. Brink
1997, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (83) 95-112
Early warning of impending poor crop harvests in highly variable environments can allow policy makers the time they need to take appropriate action to ameliorate the effects of regional food shortages on vulnerable rural and urban populations. Crop production estimates for the current season can be obtained using crop simulation...
Gradients, vegetation and climate: spatial and temporal dynamics in the Olympic Mountains, USA
David L. Peterson, Edward G. Schreiner, Nelsa M. Buckingham
1997, Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters (6) 7-17
The steep environmental gradients of mountains result in the juxtaposition of diverse vegetation associations with narrow ecotones because life zones are compressed. Variation in geologic substrate, landforms, and soils, in combination with steep environmental gradients, create habitat diversity across spatial scales from 106 ha to <10 m2. This leads to...
The IGBP-DIS global 1km land cover data set, DISCover: First results
Thomas R. Loveland, A.S. Belward
1997, International Journal of Remote Sensing (18) 3289-3295
The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS) is co-ordinating the development of global land data sets from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The first is a 1 km spatial resolution land cover product 'DISCover', based on monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index composites from 1992 and 1993....
Soil, plant, and structural considerations for surface barriers in arid environments: Application of results from studies in the Mojave Desert near Beatty, Nevada
Brian J. Andraski, David E. Prudic
U.S. National Research Council, editor(s)
1997, Book chapter, Barrier technologies for environmental management: Summary of a workshop
The suitability of a waste-burial site depends on hydrologic processes that can affect the near-surface water balance. In addition, the loss of burial trench integrity by erosion and subsidence of trench covers may increase the likelihood of infiltration and percolation, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the site in isolating waste....
Long time-series of turbid coastal water using AVHRR: An example from Florida Bay, USA
R. P. Stumpf, M.L. Frayer
1997, Conference Paper, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
The AVHRR can provide information on the reflectance of turbid case II water, permitting examination of large estuaries and plumes from major rivers. The AVHRR has been onboard several NOAA satellites, with afternoon overpasses since 1981, offering a long time-series to examine changes in coastal water. We are using AVHRR...
Spatial analysis of temperature (BHT/DST) data and consequences for heat-flow determination in sedimentary basins
A. Forster, D. F. Merriam, J.C. Davis
1997, Conference Paper, International Journal of Earth Sciences
Large numbers of bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) and temperatures measured during drill-stem tests (DSTs) are available in areas explored for hydrocarbons, but their usefulness for estimating geothermal gradients and heat-flow density is limited. We investigated a large data set of BHT and DST measurements taken in boreholes in the American Midcontinent,...
Population genetic studies of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus): A summary of available data and interpretation of results
Kim T. Scribner, G.W. Garner, Steven C. Amstrup, M.A. Cronin
Andrew E. Dizon, Susan J. Chivers, William F. Perrin, editor(s)
1997, Book chapter, Molecular Genetics of Marine Mammals: Special Publication 3
A summary of existing population genetics literature is presented for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and interpreted in the context of the species' life-history characteristics and regional heterogeneity in environmental regimes and movement patterns. Several nongenetic data sets including morphology, contaminant levels, geographic variation in reproductive characteristics, and the location and...
Population genetic studies of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris): A review and interpretation of available data
Kim T. Scribner, James L. Bodkin, Brenda E. Ballachey, Steven R. Fain, Matthew A. Cronin, Maria D. Sanchez
Andrew E. Dixon, Susan J. Chivers, William F. Perrin, editor(s)
1997, Conference Paper, Molecular genetics of marine mammals: Incorporating the proceedings of a workshop on the analysis of genetic data to address problems of stock identity as related to management of marine mammals
Current information about the utility of genetic markers for estimating population structuring in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) is reviewed. Analyses of spatial population structuring with biochemical and molecular genetic markers are discussed in the context of the species' ecology and history of exploitation. Studies that have used a diversity of...
Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA
T. S. Dyman, R. G. Tysdal, W. J. Perry Jr., J. D. Obradovich, J. C. Haley, D. J. Nichols
1997, Cretaceous Research (18) 751-766
An40Ar/39Ar age of 85.81 Ma±0.22 my was obtained on sanidine from a volcanic procellanite bed near the top of the 2135+m-thick Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation in the Lima Peaks area of southwestern Montana. This early Santonian age, combined with previously determined age data including a palynological age of Cenomanian for...
Relationships among in-situ stress, fractures and faults, and fluid flow: Monterey formation, Santa Maria basin, California
T. Finkbeiner, C. A. Barton, Mark D. Zoback
1997, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (81) 1975-1999
We used borehole televiewer (BHTV) data from four wells within the onshore and offshore Santa Maria basin, California, to investigate the relationships among fracture distribution, orientation, and variation with depth and in-situ stress. Our analysis of stress-induced well-bore breakouts shows a uniform northeast maximum horizontal stress (SH max) orientation in...
In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada
S.H. Hickman, C. A. Barton, Mark D. Zoback, R. Morin, J. Sass, R. Benoit
1997, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts (34) 414
Borehole televiewer and hydrologic logging and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were carried out in a 2.7-km-deep geothermal production well (73B-7) drilled into the Stillwater fault zone. Precision temperature and spinner flowmeter logs were also acquired in well 73B-7, with and without simultaneously injecting water into the well. Localized perturbations to...
The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes
G. L. Choy, J. Zednik
1997, Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica (41) 45-63
In terms of seismically radiated energy or moment release, the earthquake of 20 January 1990 in the Manjil Basin-Alborz Mountain region of Iran is the second largest strike-slip earthquake to have occurred in an intracontinental setting in the past decade. It caused enormous loss of life and the virtual destruction...
Data-collection methods and quality-assurance/quality-control procedures used in the study of episodic stream acidification and its effect on fish and aquatic invertebrates in four Catskill Mountain streams, New York, 1988-90
Anthony J. Ranalli, Barry P. Baldigo, Debra Horan-Ross, Ronald V. Allen
1997, Open-File Report 93-137
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted a 20-month study during 1988-90 to evaluate the effects of episodic acidification on fish and aquatic invertebrates in pristine headwater streams in the Catskill Mountains of New York. The study was part of the Episodic Response Project,...
Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in microcosms
Allen C. Kane, Timothy P. Wilson, Jeffrey M. Fischer
1997, Conference Paper, In situ and on-site bioremediation: Papers from the Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, New Orleans, April 28-May 1, 1997
Laboratory microcosms were used to determine the concentrations of oxygen (O2) and methane (CH4) that optimize trichloroethylene (TCE) biodegradation in sediment and ground-water samples from a TCE-contaminated aquifer at Picatinny Arsenal, Morris County, New Jersey. The mechanism for degradation is the cometabolic activity of methanotrophic bacteria. The laboratory data will...
Trout production dynamics and water quality in Minnesota streams
T.J. Kwak, T.F. Waters
1997, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (126) 35-48
We sampled fish assemblages and quantified production dynamics of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in 13 southeastern Minnesota streams during 1988–1990 to examine the influence of water quality on fish populations in fertile trout streams. Fish assemblages in 15 stream reaches were abundant,...
Vertical accretion and shallow subsidence in a mangrove forest of southwestern Florida, U.S.A
Donald R. Cahoon, J.C. Lynch
1997, Mangroves and Salt Marshes (1) 173-186
Simultaneous measurements of vertical accretion from artificial soil marker horizons and soil elevation change from sedimentation-erosion table (SET) plots were used to evaluate the processes related to soil building in range, basin, and overwash mangrove forests located in a low-energy lagoon which recieves minor inputs of terregenous sediments. Vertical accretion...
DDE poisoning in an adult bald eagle
D.K. Garcelon, N. J. Thomas
1997, Journal of Wildlife Diseases (33) 299-303
A 12-year-old female bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was found in May 1993 on Santa Catalina Island, California (USA), in a debilitated condition, exhibiting ataxia and tremors; it died within hours. On necropsy, the bird was emaciated but had no evidence of disease or...
