Hydrological and chemical estimates of the water balance of a closed-basin lake in north central Minnesota
James W. LaBaugh, Thomas C. Winter, Donald O. Rosenberry, Paul F. Schuster, Michael M. Reddy, George R. Aiken
1997, Water Resources Research (33) 2799-2812
Chemical mass balances for sodium, magnesium, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, and oxygen 18 were used to estimate groundwater seepage to and from Williams Lake, Minnesota, over a 15-month period, from April 1991 through June 1992. Groundwater seepage to the lake and seepage from the lake to groundwater were determined independently...
Crustal deformation in southern California using SAR interferometry
G. Peltzer, P. Rosen, F. Rogez, K. Hudnut
1997, European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP 545-548
By combining pairs of ERS-1/2 SAR images of Southern California spanning long time intervals (1-4 years), we were able to measure the rate of slow deformation processes along faults activated during the Landers 1992 earthquake. Interferograms revealed several centimeters of post-seismic rebound in step-overs of the 1992 break, with a...
An interactive program for computer-aided map design, display, and query: EMAPKGS2
G.W. Pouch
1997, Computers & Geosciences (23) 259-266
EMAPKGS2 is a user-friendly, PC-based electronic mapping tool for use in hydrogeologic exploration and appraisal. EMAPKGS2 allows the analyst to construct maps interactively from data stored in a relational database, perform point-oriented spatial queries such as locating all wells within a specified radius, perform geographic overlays, and export the data...
Nest materials as a source of genetic data for avian ecological studies
John M. Pearce, R.L. Fields, Kim T. Scribner
1997, Journal of Field Ornithology (68) 471-481
We examined the utility of feathers and egg shell membranes, deposited in the nests of Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri), as a source of DNA for genetic studies at both the population and individual level. The potential for feather DNA contamination as a result of female behavioral interactions (e.g. nest parasitism),...
A dynamic balance between magma supply and eruption rate at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
R.P. Denlinger
1997, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (102) 18091-18100
The dynamic balance between magma supply and vent output at Kilauea volcano is used to estimate both the volume of magma stored within Kilauea volcano and its magma supply rate. Throughout most of 1991 a linear decline in volume flux from the Kupaianaha vent on Kilauea's east rift zone was...
Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks on Mount Rainier, Washington, with Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data
J.K. Crowley, D. R. Zimbelman
1997, Geology (25) 559-562
Mount Rainier has produced numerous Holocene debris flows, the largest of which contain clays and other minerals derived from hydrothermally altered rocks on the volcano's edifice. Imagery from an advanced airborne sensor was used to map altered rocks at Mount Rainier and demonstrates...
Watershed responses to climate change at Glacier National Park
D.B. Fagre, P.L. Comanor, J.D. White, F. Richard Hauer, S. W. Running
1997, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (33) 755-765
We have developed an approach which examines ecosystem function and the potential effects of climatic shifts. The Lake McDonald watershed of Glacier National Park was the focus for two linked research activities: acquisition of baseline data on hydrologic, chemical and aquatic organism attributes that characterize this pristine northern rocky mountain...
Agricultural chemicals in alluvial aquifers in Missouri after the 1993 flood
D. C. Heimann, J.M. Richards, D.H. Wilkison
1997, Journal of Environmental Quality (26) 361-371
Intense rains produced flooding during the spring and summer of 1993 over much of the midwestern USA including many agricultural areas of Missouri. Because of potential contamination from floodwater, an investigation was conducted to determine the changes in concentrations of agricultural chemicals in water samples...
GSLIB-style programs for discriminant analysis and regionalized classification
Geoffrey C. Bohling
1997, Computers & Geosciences (23) 739-761
Discriminant analysis is a statistical technique used to predict the group membership of a set of multivariate observations, each of which is assumed to arise from one of a set of distinct classes or groups. Each group is characterized by a certain distribution in multivariate space, and group allocations are...
Evaluation of unconfined-aquifer parameters from pumping test data by nonlinear least squares
M. Heidari, A. Moench
1997, Journal of Hydrology (192) 300-313
Nonlinear least squares (NLS) with automatic differentiation was used to estimate aquifer parameters from drawdown data obtained from published pumping tests conducted in homogeneous, water-table aquifers. The method is based on a technique that seeks to minimize the squares of residuals between observed and calculated drawdown subject to bounds that...
Multiphase flow modeling of a crude-oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution
Leslie A. Dillard, Hedeff I. Essaid, William N. Herkelrath
1997, Water Resources Research (33) 1617-1632
Fluid saturation, particle-size distribution, and porosity measurements were obtained from 269 core samples collected from six boreholes along a 90-m transect at a subregion of a crude-oil spill site, the north pool, near Bemidji, Minnesota. The oil saturation data, collected 11 years after the spill, showed an irregularly shaped oil...
Geomorphic considerations for erosion prediction
W. R. Osterkamp, T.J. Toy
1997, Environmental Geology (29) 152-157
Current soil-erosion prediction technology addresses processes of rainsplash, overland-flow sediment transport, and rill erosion in small watersheds. The effects of factors determining sediment yield from larger-scale drainage basins, in which sediment movement is controlled by the combined small-scale processes and a complex set of channel and other basin-scale sediment-delivery processes,...
Effects of unsaturated zone on aquifer test analysis in a shallow-aquifer system
K. J. Halford
1997, Groundwater (35) 512-522
A comparison between two hypothetical flow models of an unconfined aquifer, one saturated and the other variably saturated, indicates that the variably saturated model which explicitly models drainage from the unsaturated zone provides a better conceptual framework for analyzing unconfined aquifer test data and better estimates of the lateral and...
Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies
Anne K. O’Brien, Karen C. Rice, Owen P. Bricker, Margaret M. Kennedy, R. Todd Anderson
1997, Hydrological Processes (11) 719-744
The importance of mineral weathering was assessed and compared for five mid-Atlantic watersheds receiving similar atmospheric inputs but underlain by differing bedrock. Annual solute mass balances and volume-weighted mean solute concentrations were calculated for each watershed for each year of record. In addition, primary and secondary mineralogy were determined for...
Dynamics of water-table fluctuations in an upland between two prairie-pothole wetlands in North Dakota
Donald O. Rosenberry, Thomas C. Winter
1997, Journal of Hydrology (191) 266-289
Data from a string of instrumented wells located on an upland of 55 m width between two wetlands in central North Dakota, USA, indicated frequent changes in water-table configuration following wet and dry periods during 5 years of investigation. A seasonal wetland is situated about 1.5 m higher than a...
Rotational reflectance of dispersed vitrinite from the Arkoma basin
D.W. Houseknecht, C.M.B. Weesner
1997, Organic Geochemistry (26) 191-206
Rotational reflectance of dispersed vitrinite provides superior documentation of thermal maturity and a capability for interpreting relative timing between thermal and kinematic events in Arkoma Basin strata characterized by vitrinite reflectances up to 5%. Rotational reflectance (R(rot)) is a more precise and less ambiguous index of thermal maturity than maximum...
Combined-sewer overflow data and methods of sample collection for selected sites, Detroit, Michigan
M.J. Sweat, J.R. Wolf
1997, Open-File Report 96-646
The discharge of untreated sewage is illegal in Michigan unless permitted under Act 245 due to public health concerns. In October, 1992, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR, now the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality) issued a discharge permit to Detroit authorizing discharge from the City's 78 combined-sewer overflows...
Continents as lithological icebergs: The importance of buoyant lithospheric roots
D.H. Abbott, R. Drury, Walter D. Mooney
1997, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (149) 15-27
An understanding of the formation of new continental crust provides an important guide to locating the oldest terrestrial rocks and minerals. We evaluated the crustal thicknesses of the thinnest stable continental crust and of an unsubductable oceanic plateau and used the...
Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: report of the subcommittee on zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on new Minerals and Mineral names
D.S. Coombs, A. Alberti, T. Armbruster, G. Artioli, C. Colella, E. Galli, Joel D. Grice, F. Liebau, J.A. Mandarino, H. Minato, E.H. Nickel, E. Passaglia, D.R. Peacor, S. Quartieri, R. Rinaldi, M. Ross, R.A. Sheppard, E. Tillmanns, G. Vezzalini
1997, Canadian Mineralogist (35) 1571-1606
This report embodies recommendations on zeolite nomenclature approved by the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. In a working definition of a zeolite mineral used for this review, structures containing an interrupted framework of tetrahedra are accepted where other zeolitic properties prevail, and complete substitution by...
Changes in breeding bird populations in North Dakota: 1967 to 1992-93
L.D. Igl, Douglas H. Johnson
1997, The Auk (114) 74-92
We compared breeding bird populations in North Dakota using surveys conducted in 1967 and 1992-93. In decreasing order, the five most frequently occurring species were Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris), Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus). The five most abundant...
Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States
H.M. Benz, A. Frankel, D.M. Boore
1997, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (87) 606-619
Measurements of the Fourier amplitude spectra of Lg phases recorded at high frequency (0.5 to 14.0 Hz) by broadband seismic stations are used to determine regional attenuation relationships for southern California, the Basin and Range Province, the central United States, and the northeastern United States...
Soil, plant, and structural considerations for surface barriers in arid environments: Application of results from studies in the Mojave Desert near Beatty, Nevada
Brian J. Andraski, David E. Prudic
U.S. National Research Council, editor(s)
1997, Book chapter, Barrier technologies for environmental management: Summary of a workshop
The suitability of a waste-burial site depends on hydrologic processes that can affect the near-surface water balance. In addition, the loss of burial trench integrity by erosion and subsidence of trench covers may increase the likelihood of infiltration and percolation, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the site in isolating waste....
A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts
S.G. Fancy
1997, Pacific Science (51) 107-114
An approach for calculating bird densities from variable circular-plot counts is described. The approach differs from previous methods in that data from several surveys are pooled and detection distances are adjusted as if all distances were recorded by a single observer under a given set of field conditions. Adjustments for...
Toward a comprehensive catalog of global historical seismicity
A. Villasenor, Eric A. Bergman, T.M. Boyd, E.R. Engdahl, D.W. Frazier, M.M. Harden, J.L. Orth, R.L. Parkes, K. M. Shedlock
1997, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (78) 581-582
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) have initiated a project to locate more accurately all earthquakes recorded by instruments during the period 1900 to 1963. Seismicity for this period (hereafter referred to as historical seismicity, following Lee et al. [1988])...
Shifting sources and transport paths for the late Quaternary Escanaba Trough sediment fill (northeast Pacific)
G.G. Zuffa, R. De Rosa, W. R. Normark
1997, Giornale di Geologia (59) 35-53
Escanaba Trough, which forms the southernmost part of the axial valley of the actively spreading Gorda Ridge, is filled with several hundred meters of sediment of presumed late Quaternary age. Surficial sediment samples from gravity cores, deeper samples (as much as 390 m) from Site 35 of the Deep Sea...
