The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth
D. Abbott, Walter D. Mooney
1995, Reviews of Geophysics (33) 231-242
The problem of the origin of the continental crust can be resolved into two fundamental questions: (1) the location and mechanisms of initial mantle extraction of the primitive crust and (2) the processes by which this primitive crust is converted into the continental crust that presently exists....
Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation programs for wildlife vertebrates
F. Joshua Dein, Kathryn A. Converse, Christy Wolf
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Captive propagation, introduction, and translocation (relocation) programs for many animals have been undertaken by federal, state, and private agencies for more than 20 years. These programs help aid the recovery of endangered and threatened species, reestablish lost species, augment declining populations, increase recreational opportunities, reduce nuisance species, and introduce non-native...
World class base and precious metal deposits; a quantitative analysis
Donald A. Singer
1995, Economic Geology (90) 88-104
Over 62 percent of the 193,000 metric tons of gold discovered to date is located in four countries and more than 68 percent occurs in four types of mineral deposits. About 55 percent of the 1,740,000 metric tons of silver found is in four countries and 45 percent is in...
Black-Footed Ferrets
D. Biggins, J. L. Godbey
1995, Report, Our Living Resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) was a charter member of endangered species lists for North America, recognized as rare long before the passage of Endangered Species Act of...
Correlation of Ordovician rocks of northern Alaska
Anita G. Harris, Julie A. Dumoulin, John E. Repetski, Claire Carter
John D. Cooper, Mary L. Droser, Stanley C. Finney, editor(s)
1995, Conference Paper, Ordovician odyssey: Short papers for the seventh international symposium on the Ordovician system (SEPM Book 77)
The Ordovician sequences presented in this report were chosen to cover a range of depositional and structural settings found in northern Alaska. Consequently, the quality of lithostratigraphic, paleontologic, and sedimentologic data is variable. Until 1982, Ordovician rocks in northern Alaska were known only from a few, widely separated localities. Since...
Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota
Lawrence D. Igl, Douglas H. Johnson
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
The status of migratory bird populations in North America has received increased attention in recent years. Much of this consideration has been on Neotropical migrants, especially those associated with eastern forests. The status of migratory bird populations in the Great Plains has received far less attention. During the past quarter-century,...
Effects of fire on threatened and endangered plants: an annotated bibliography
Amy Hessl, Susan Spackman
1995, Information and Technology Report 2
This bibliography presents basic information about the effects of fm on plants that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service lists as endangered or threatened or as category-one (Cl) candidates for federal listing. We searched 23 databases for publications, unpublished reports, and records with pertinent information; summarized and compiled information on...
Timing of breeding and molting in six species of Hawaiian honeycreepers
C.J. Ralph, S.G. Fancy
1994, Condor (96) 151-161
The timing of breeding and molting was studied in six species of Hawaiian honeycreepers with differing food habits on the Island of Hawaii. The availability of nectar was highly seasonal, whereas insect abundance was relatively constant throughout the year. All six species of honeycreeper had extended breeding and molting periods...
Habitat use by an endangered riverine fish and implications for species protection
C.S. Robbins
1994, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (3) 177-178
We investigated habitat specificity of the amber darter (Percina antesella Williams & Etnier 1977), an imperiled fish from restricted portions of 2 rivers in the southeastern United States. Foraging amber darters occupied a narrow range of riffle habitat, consistently avoiding areas < 20 cm deep and with velocity <...
The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part I. History, physiography, botany, and isle descriptions
A.K. Kepler, C. B. Kepler
1994, Atoll Research Bulletin No. 397.
conclusion: Lushly wooded Caroline Atoll, with the majority of its 39 islets (399 ha of land) either in near-pristine condition or having recovered remarkably from past disturbance, is one of the least spoiled atolls in the Pacific. Uninhabited, it harbors plant ecosystems and breeding seabirds (Pt. II) of...
The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part II. Seabirds, other terrestrial animals, and conservation
C. B. Kepler, A.K. Kepler, D. H. Ellis
1994, Atoll Research Bulletin No. 398.
conclusion: Lushly wooded Caroline Atoll, with the majority of its 39 islets (399 ha of land) either in near-pristine condition or having recovered remarkably from past disturbance, is one of the least spoiled atolls in the Pacific. Uninhabited, it harbors plant ecosystems and breeding seabirds (Pt. II) of...
Effects of water-control structures on hydrologic and water-quality characteristics in selected agricultural drainage canals in eastern North Carolina
M.W. Treece Jr., M.L. Jaynes
1994, Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4226
November of water into and out of tidally affected canals in eastern North Carolina was documented before and after the installation of water-control structures. Water levels in five of the canals downstream from the water-control structures were controlled primarily by water-level fluctuations in estuarine receiving waters. Water-control structures also altered...
Nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in waters of the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1970-90
L. H. Tornes, M. E. Brigham
1994, Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4231
Available data on nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), suspended sediment, and pesticides in the Red River of the North Basin, a study unit under the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, are reviewed. These data were collected by several agencies during 1970-90. Nutrient concentrations in surface water are higher...
A synthesis of post-glacial diatom records from Lake Baikal
J. Platt Bradbury, E. Bezrukova, G. Chernyaeva, S.M. Colman, G. Khursevich, J.W. King, Ye. V. Likoshway
1994, Journal of Paleolimnology (10) 213-252
The biostratigraphy of fossil diatoms contributes important chronologic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic information from Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia. Diatoms are the dominant and best preserved microfossils in the sediments, and distinctive assemblages and species provide inter-core correlations throughout the basin at millennial to centennial scales, in both high and...
Biostratigraphic constraints on formation and timing of accretion in a subduction complex: An example from the Franciscan Complex of Northern California
Y. Isozaki, M. Clark Blake Jr.
1994, Journal of Geology (102) 283-296
The determination of the total age coverage of pelagic bedded chert is particularly important in studies of ancient accretionary complexes because the time span represents the minimum travel time of an oceanic plate before accretion at an island arc or continental margin. The Yolla Bolly terrane of the Franciscan Complex...
Are all prey created equal? A review and synthesis of differential predation on prey in substandard condition
Matthew G. Mesa, Thomas P. Poe, Dena M. Gadomski, James H. Petersen
1994, Journal of Fish Biology (45) 81-96
Our understanding of predator-prey interactions in fishes has been influenced largely by research assuming that the condition of the participants is normal. However, fish populations today often reside in anthropogenically altered environments and are subjected to many kinds of stressors, which may reduce their ecological performance by adversely affecting their...
Diagenesis of diatomite from the Kolubara Coal Basin, Baroševac, Serbia
J. Obradovic, James R. Hein, J. Djurdjevic
1994, Geological Journal (29) 209-217
Diatomite associated with the Kolubara Coal Basin was studied to better understand early stage silica diagenesis of shallow water deposits. The Kolubara Basin consists of Neogene siliciclastic rocks, diatomite, marlstone and rare carbonates. Palaeozoic metamorphic and Mesozoic sedimentary and igneous basement rocks are transgressively overlain by Upper Miocene sandstone, siltstone,...
Habitat use by an endangered riverine fish and implications for species protection
B. J. Freeman, Mary C. Freeman
1994, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (3) 49-58
We investigated habitat specificity of the amber darter (Percina antesella Williams & Etnier 1977), an imperiled fish from restricted portions of 2 rivers in the southeastern United States. Foraging amber darters occupied a narrow range of riffle habitat, consistently avoiding areas < 20 cm deep and with velocity < 10 cm....
A new species of Hymenocallis (Amaryllidaceae) in the Florida Panhandle
Gerald L. Smith, Melanie R. Darst
1994, Novon (4) 396-399
A new species of spider-lily, Hymenocallis godfreyi, is described and illustrated. It is a rare endemic that occurs in the St. Marks and Wakulla Rivers, Florida. Its striking features are contrasted to an allied species Hymenocallis rotata (Ker-Gawler) Herbert....
How permeable are clays and shales?
C. E. Neuzil
1994, Water Resources Research (30) 145-150
The permeability of argillaceous formations, although rarely measured and poorly understood, is commonly a critical parameter in analyses of subsurface flow. Data now available suggest a regular relation between permeability and porosity in clays and shales and permeabilities that, even at large scales, are significantly lower than usually...
Wildlife association with human‐altered water sources in semiarid vegetation communities
D.W. Burkett, B.C. Thompson
1994, Conservation Biology (8) 682-690
Based on common use in wildlife management, we hypothesized that human‐constructed water sources influence faunal communities detectably compared to similar habitats that lack water. We examined 20 wildlife water units and 20 paired comparison sites without water from April to August 1992 in semiarid southern New Mexico to assess animal...
Habitat use by an endangered riverine fish and implications for species protection
B. J. Freeman, Mary Freeman
1994, Ecology of Freshwater Fish (3) 49-58
We investigated habitat specificity of the amber darter (Percina antesella Williams & Etnier 1977), an imperiled fish from restricted portions of 2 rivers in the southeastern United States. Foraging amber darters occupied a narrow range of riffle habitat, consistently avoiding areas < 20 cm deep and with velocity < 10 cm....
Fate and pathways of injection-well effluent in the Florida Keys
Eugene A. Shinn, Ronald S. Reese, Christopher D. Reich
1994, Open-File Report 94-276
Twenty-four wells (21 locations) were core drilled into the limestone beneath the Keys, reef tract, and outer reefs to determine if sewage effluents injected in Class V wells onshore are reaching offshore reef areas via underground flow. These wells were fitted with PVC casings and well screens and were...
National standards and guidelines for pesticides in water, sediment, and aquatic organisms
L.H. Nowell, E.A. Resek
1994, Book chapter, Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology
The effects of pesticides1 on water quality commonly are assessed by comparing measured concentrations of individual pesticide compounds in the environment with concentrations that have been determined to have potential adverse effects on humans, aquatic organisms, or other beneficial uses of water. Direct evaluation of the adverse effects of every pesticide...
Straight-line drift fences and pitfall traps
Paul Stephen Corn
1994, Book chapter, Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians
Straight-line drift fences typically are short barriers (5-15 m) that direct animals traveling on the substrate surface into traps places at the ends of or beside the barriers. Traps (described below) can be pitfalls, funnel traps, or a combination of the two. Drift fences with pitfall or funnel traps and...
