Mines, prospects, and occurrences of metallic (excluding gold), pegmatite, and rare-earth mineral commodities in the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina
John P. D’Agostino, Alan Jon Zupan, Arthur H. Maybin III, Charlotte E. Abrams, Jerry M. German
1994, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2215-B
All of the known mines, prospects, and occurrences of metallic (excluding gold, pegmatite, and rare-earth mineral commodities for the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle are tabulated in this report. The table lists, in consecutive order for each county (fig. 1), the map number of each item, which correlates and locates...
Clastic metasediments of the Early Proterozoic Broken Hill Group, New South Wales, Australia: Geochemistry, provenance, and metallogenic significance
J. F. Slack, B.P.J. Stevens
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 3633-3652
Whole-rock analyses of samples of pelite, psammite, and psammopelite from the Early Proterozoic Broken Hill Group (Willyama Supergroup) in the Broken Hill Block, New South Wales, Australia, reveal distinctive geochemical signatures. Major-element data show high Al2O3 and K2O, low MgO and Na2O,...
Geology and geochemistry of Summitville, Colorado: An epithermal acid sulfate deposit in a volcanic dome
J. E. Gray, M.F. Coolbaugh
1994, Economic Geology (89) 1906-1923
Geologic studies during recent open-pit mining at Summitville, Colorado, have provided new information on an epithermal acid sulfate Au-Ag-Cu deposit formed in a volcanic dome. Geologic mapping, geochemical studies of whole-rock samples from blast holes, and geologic and geochemical traverse studies refine the details of the evolution of the Summitville...
Hydrothermal alteration in oceanic ridge volcanics: A detailed study at the Galapagos Fossil Hydrothermal Field
W.I. Ridley, M.R. Perfit, I.R. Josnasson, M.F. Smith
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 2477-2494
The Galapagos Fossil Hydrothermal Field is composed of altered oceanic crust and extinct hydrothermal vents within the eastern Galapagos Rift between 85°49′W and 85°55′W. The discharge zone of the hydrothermal system is revealed along scarps, thus providing an opportunity to examine the uppermost mineralized, and highly altered interior parts of...
Principal reference section for part of the Eocene Ghazij Formation, Moghal Mine area, Mach coal field, Balochistan, Pakistan
Edward A. Johnson, Peter D. Warwick, Intizar H. Khan, Mohsin A. Kazim
1994, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2263-D
The information presented on this sheet was collected as part of a joint U.S. Geological Survey-Geological Survey of Pakistan program sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development. As a project within this program, the coal-bearing Ghazij Formation (Eocene) was investigated in the northeastern part of Balochistan cast and south...
Uranium-Series Ages of Marine Terrace Corals from the Pacific Coast of North America and Implications for Last-Interglacial Sea Level History
D.R. Muhs, G. L. Kennedy, T. K. Rockwell
1994, Quaternary Research (42) 72-87
Few of the marine terraces along the Pacific coast of North America have been dated using uranium-series techniques. Ten terrace sequences from southern Oregon to southern Baja California Sur have yielded fossil corals in quantities suitable for U-series dating by alpha spectrometry. U-series-dated terraces representing the ???80,000 yr sea-level high...
Geochemistry and hydrology of a calcareous fen within the Savage Fen wetlands complex, Minnesota, USA
S.C. Komor
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 3353-3367
Savage Fen is a wetlands complex at the base of north-facing bluffs in the Minnesota River Valley. The complex includes 27.8 hectares of calcareous fen that host rare calciphile plants whose populations are declining in Minnesota. Water and sediment compositions in the calcareous fen were studied to gain a better...
Response of slimy sculpins to predation by juvenile lake trout in southern Lake Ontario
Randall W. Owens, Roger A. Bergstedt
1994, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society (123) 28-36
Abundance and biomass of slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus declined in Lake Ontario at depths most frequently occupied by juvenile lake trout Salvelinus namaycush (<70 m), but not at greater depths, during 1980–1987. The abundance of juvenile lake trout increased at depths less than 70 m between 1980 and 1987, and...
Geochemistry of the 1989-1990 eruption of redoubt volcano: Part I. Whole-rock major- and trace-element chemistry
C.J. Nye, S.E. Swanson, V.F. Avery, T. P. Miller
1994, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (62) 429-452
The 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano produced medium-K calc-alkaline andesite and dacite of limited compositional range (58.2-63.4% SiO2) and entrained quenched andesitic inclusions (55% SiO2) which bear chemical similarities to the rest of the ejecta. The earliest (December 15) magmas are pumiceous, often compositionally banded, and the majority is relatively...
Hornblende-melt trace-element partitioning measured by ion microprobe
T. W. Sisson
1994, Chemical Geology (117) 331-344
Trace-element abundances were measured in situ by ion microprobe in five samples of hornblende and melt ranging from basaltic andesite to high-silica rhyolite. Except for one sample, for which quench overgrowth or disequilibrium is suspected, the abundance ratios show systematic inter-element and inter-sample variations, and probably approach true partition coefficients....
Principal reference section for part of the Eocene Ghazij Formation, Sarawan River area, Johan coal field, Balochistan, Pakistan
Edward A. Johnson, Peter D. Warwick, Intizar H. Khan, Asif N. Rana, Mohsin A. Kazim
1994, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2263-E
The information presented on this sheet was collected as part of a joint U.S. Geological Survey-Geological Survey of Pakistan program sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development. As a project within this program, the coal-bearing Ghazij Formation (Eocene) was investigated in the northeastern part of Balochistan cast and south...
Fractionation of families of major, minor, and trace metals across the melt-vapor interface in volcanic exhalations
T. K. Hinkley, M.-F. Le Cloarec, G. Lambert
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 3255-3263
Chemical families of metals fractionate systematically as they pass from a silicate melt across the interface with the vapor phase and on into a cooled volcanic plume. We measured three groups of metals in a small suite of samples collected on filters from the plumes of Kilauea (Hawaii, USA), Etna...
Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987
John O. Helgesen, Lloyd E. Stullken, A. T. Rutledge
1994, Water Supply Paper 2381-C
Ground-water quality was assessed in a 5,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas that is susceptible to nonpoint-source contamination from agricultural and petroleum-production activities. Of particular interest was the presence of agricultural chemicals and petroleum-derived hydrocarbons that might have been associated with brines that formerly were disposed...
Composition and origin of hydrothermal ironstones from central Pacific seamounts
J.R. Hein, Y. Hsueh-Wen, S.H. Gunn, A. E. Gibbs, W. Chung-ho
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 179-189
Ironstones recovered from five Late Cretaceous seamounts in the central Pacific region probably formed during late-stage edifice-building volcanism. Ironstones are dense and compact with the appearance of brown chert. The ironstones are characterized by a goethite mineralogy with FeOOH contents up to 88%, extreme fractionation of Fe and Mn, low...
Geomorphic change caused by outburst floods and debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington, with emphasis on Tahoma Creek valley
J. S. Walder, C. L. Driedger
1994, Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4093
Debris flows have caused rapid geomorphic change in several glacierized drainages on Mount Rainier, Washington. Nearly all of these flows began as glacial outburst floods, then transformed to debris flows by incorporating large masses of sediment in channel reaches where streams have incised proglacial sediments and stagnant glacier ice. This...
Titanium, vanadium, and niobium mineralization and alkali metasomatism from the Magnet Cove complex, Arkansas
M.J.K. Flohr
1994, Economic Geology (89) 105-130
The Christy Ti-V-Nb deposit is hosted by the Arkansas Novaculite, adjacent to the carbonatite-alkaline Magnet Cove Complex. Mineralized rock contains up to 8 wt percent Ti, 2.68 wt percent V, and 0.124 wt percent Nb. Minor amounts of Li and Mo are present, and there is evidence for the preferential...
Real-time data collection of scour at bridges
David S. Mueller, Mark N. Landers
1994, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation
The record flood on the Mississippi River during the summer of 1993 provided a rare opportunity to collect data on scour of the streambed at bridges and to test data collection equipment under extreme hydraulic conditions. Detailed bathymetric and hydraulic information were collected at two bridges crossing the Mississippi River...
Short-term cold storage of Atlantic sturgeon sperm
M. N. DiLauro, W. F. Krise, M. A. Hendrix, S.E. Baker
1994, Progressive Fish-Culturist (56) 143-144
Short‐term cold storage of fish sperm with oxygen, an established fisheries technique, was successfully used to preserve milt from Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus). All milt samples stored for 5 d on ice and replenished daily with oxygen retained at least 80% motility and at least 99% viability. One sample...
Rare earth element evidence for the petrogenesis of the banded series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana, and its anorthosites
P. J. Loferski, R.J. Arculus, G.K. Czamanske
1994, Journal of Petrology (35) 1623-1649
A rare earth element (REE) study was made by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry of plagioclase separates from a variety of cumulates stratigraphically spanning the Banded series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana. Evaluation of parent liquid REE patterns, calculated on the basis of published plagioclase-liquid partition coefficients, shows that the range...
Rapid geomorphic change caused by glacial outburst floods and debris flows along Tahoma Creek, Mount Rainier, Washington, USA
J. S. Walder, C. L. Driedger
1994, Arctic and Alpine Research (26) 319-327
As part of a hazards-assessment study, we examined the nature and rate of geomorphic change caused by outburst floods and debris flows along Tahoma Creek. Mount Rainier, since 1967. Archival aerial photographs of the area proved to be a rich source of qualitative geomorphic information. On the basis of limited...
Rare earth element contents and multiple mantle sources of the transform-related Mount Edgecumbe basalts, southeastern Alaska
J.R. Riehle, J. R. Budahn, M. A. Lanphere, D. A. Brew
1994, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (31) 852-864
Pleistocene basalt of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field (MEF) is subdivided into a plagioclase type and an olivine type. Olivine basalt crops out farther inboard from the nearby Fairweather transform than plagioclase basalt. Th/La ratios of plagioclase basalt are similar to those of mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB), whereas those of olivine...
Critical and supercritical flows in two unstable, mountain rivers, Toutle river system, Washington
Andrew Simon, J. H. Hardison III
1994, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
Critical and supercritical flows are generally considered to be rare occurrences in natural river channels. This paper presents data and results pertaining to the existence of measured critical and supercritical flows at gaging stations on the North Fork Toutle River (NFT) and Toutle River main stem (TR). The data set...
Palynology, paleoclimatology and correlation of middle Miocene beds from Porcupine River (locality 90-1), Alaska
J. M. White, T. A. Ager
1994, Quaternary International (22-23) 43-77
Beds in the Upper Ramparts Canyon of the Porcupine River, Alaska (67?? 20' N, 141?? 20' W), yielded a flora rich in pollen of hardwood genera now found in the temperate climates of North America and Asia. The beds are overlain or enclosed by two basalt flows which were dated...
Herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers in the midcontinental United States, 1991
Dana W. Kolpin, Michael R. Burkart, E. Michael Thurman
1994, Water Supply Paper 2413
The occurrence and distribution of selected herbicides, atrazine metabolites, and nitrate were determined for near-surface aquifers (within 50 feet of land surface) in the corn- and soybean-producing region of the midcontinental United States. The study region included all or parts of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North...
A precise 232Th-208Pb chronology of fine-grained monazite: Age of the Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb ore deposit, China
Jingyuan Wang, M. Tatsumoto, X. Li, W. R. Premo, E. C. T. Chao
1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (58) 3155-3169
We have obtained precise Th-Pb internal isochron ages on monazite and bastnaesite for the world's largest known rare earth elements (REE)-Fe-Nb ore deposit, the Bayan Obo of Inner Mongolia, China. The monazite samples, collected from the carbonate-hosted ore zone, contain extremely small amounts of uranium (less than 10 ppm) but...
