Ranges of North American breeding birds: visualizing long-term population changes in North American breeding birds
Jeff Price
1995, Report
These maps show changes in the distribution and abundance patterns of some North American birds for the last 20 years. For each species there are four maps, each representing the average distribution and abundance pattern over the five-year periods 1970-1974, 1975-1979, 1980-1984, and 1985-1989. The maps are based on data collected...
Topography of closed depressions, scarps, and grabens in the North Tharsis region of Mars: implications for shallow crustal discontinuities and graben formation
Philip A. Davis, Kenneth L. Tanaka, Matthew P. Golombek
1995, Icarus (114) 403-422
Using Viking Orbiter images, detailed photoclinometric profiles were obtained across 10 irregular depressions, 32 fretted fractures, 49 troughs and pits, 124 solitary scarps, and 370 simple grabens in the north Tharsis region of Mars. These data allow inferences to be made on the shallow crustal structure of this region. The...
Estimation of rod scale errors in geodetic leveling
Michael R. Craymer, Petr Vaníček, Robert O. Castle
1995, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (100) 15129-15145
Comparisons among repeated geodetic levelings have often been used for detecting and estimating residual rod scale errors in leveled heights. Individual rod-pair scale errors are estimated by a two-step procedure using a model based on either differences in heights, differences in section height differences, or differences in section tilts. It...
Shorebirds: East of the 105th meridian
Brian A. Harrington
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
The North American group of shorebirds includes 48 kinds of sandpipers, plovers, and their allies, many of which live for most of the year in coastal marine habitats; other live principally in nonmarine habitats including grasslands, freshwater wetlands, and even second-growth woodlands. Most North American shorebirds are highly migratory, while...
Seabirds in Alaska
Scott A. Hatch, John F. Piatt
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
About 100 million seabirds reside in marine waters of Alaska during some part of the year. Perhaps half this population is composed of 50 species of nonbreeding residents, visitors, and breeding species that use marine habitats only seasonally (Gould et al. 1982). Another 30 species include 40-60 million individuals that...
Arctic nesting geese: Alaskan populations
Jerry W. Hupp, Robert A. Stehn, Craig R. Ely, Dirk V. Derksen
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
North American populations of most goose species have remained stable or have increased in recent decades (USFWS and Canadian Wildlife Service 1986). Some populations, however, have declined or historically have had small numbers of individuals, and thus are of special concern. Individual populations of geese should be maintained to ensure...
Demography of birds in a neotropical forest: Effects of allometry, taxonomy, and ecology
J. D. Brawn, James R. Karr, James D. Nichols
1995, Ecology (76) 41-51
Comparative demographic studies of terrestrial vertebrates have included few samples of species from tropical forests. We analyzed 9 yr of mark—recapture data and estimated demographic parameters for 25 species of birds inhabiting lowland forests in central Panama. These species were all songbirds (Order Passeriformes) ranging in mass from 7 to...
Deep tunnel detection using crosshole radar tomography
Ken Hauser, Michael Jackson, John Lane, Richard Hodges
1995, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the symposium on the Application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems: SAGEEP '95
As part of continuing research aimed at the detection of subsurface tunnels and voids, the U.S. Bureau of Mines recently completed a cooperative study with the U.S. Geological Survey at a surface gold mine in the Black Hills mining district of South Dakota. The occurrence of older, poorly mapped mine workings in...
Winter population trends of selected songbirds
Terry L. Root, Larry McDaniel
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
Many studies have found significant changes, primarily declines, in populations of breeding birds throughout the United States. Most studies have focused on birds that migrate to the Neotropics for winter. Speculations about causes of observed declines have primarily implicated habitat fragmentation and loss (e.g. deforestation) in Central and South America....
Evaluation of viscoplastic slope movement based on triaxial tests
Wylie W. -H. Wong, Carlton L. Ho, Richard M. Iverson, Cynthia Hovind
1995, Book chapter, Clay and shale slope instability
Viscoplastic soil parameters are used in a nonlinear viscoplastic constitutive model to predict time-dependent displacement of slow-moving landslides. The viscoplastic material parameters are determined by a novel method that uses a standard triaxial apparatus. This method employs data obtained from consolidated drained triaxial tests and consolidated drained stress-controlled strain-rate tests....
Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water: Field examples from the USA and Germany
S. Drenkard, Niel Plummer, Eurybiades Busenberg, P. Schlosser, M. Stute, H. Dorr
1995, Book chapter, Contaminated soil '95: Soils & environment
The transient tracers tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) are well suited for tracing and age-dating young ground water. Their detection in ground water indicates waters recharged within the past 30 (3H/3He, CFC-113) to 50 (CFC-11, CFC-12) years, or ground water mixtures that contain at least a portion of...
Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada
1995, Book
A three-dimensional model of moisture flow within the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This site-scale model covers and area of about 34 km2 and is bounded by major faults to the north, east and...
Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California
Gary H. Girty, Richard E. Hanson, Melissa S. Girty, Richard A. Schweickert, David S. Harwood, Aaron S. Yoshinobu, Kevin A. Bryan, June E. Skinner, Chris A. Hill
David M. Miller, Cathy Busby, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera
Pre-Cretaceous rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada are subdivided from west to east into the Smartville, central, Feather River peridotite, and eastern belts. Cretaceous and younger sedimentary rocks form the western boundary of the Smartville belt, but various reverse-fault segments of the Foothills fault system separate the other belts. The...
Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean
James L. Bodkin, Ronald J. Jameson, James A. Estes
Edward T. LaRoe, Gaye S. Farris, Catherine E. Puckett, Peter D. Doran, Michael J. Mac, editor(s)
1995, Book chapter, Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems
About 250 years ago sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were distributed continuously from central Baja California, north and west along the Pacific Rim to Machatka Peninsula in Russia, and south along the Kuril Island to northern Japan (Kenyon 1969; Fig. 1a). Several hundred thousand sea otters may have occurred in the...
USGS supports ecosystem management in the San Francisco bay and delta
Frederic H. Nichols
1995, Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter (Summer 1995) 10-11
In the past several years, the Department of the Interior has ,l?laced particular emphasis on "ecosystem management" - the integration of scientific knowledge of ecological relationships with resource management practices to sustain ecological, cultural, and economic systems in broad habitat areas; eg., forest, desert, and aquatic habitats. The goal of...
Evaluating growth of the Porcupine Caribou Herd using a stochastic model
Noreen E. Walsh, Brad Griffith, Thomas R. McCabe
1995, Journal of Wildlife Management (59) 262-272
Estimates of the relative effects of demographic parameters on population rates of change, and of the level of natural variation in these parameters, are necessary to address potential effects of perturbations on populations. We used a stochastic model, based on survival and reproduction estimates of the Porcupine Caribou (Rangifer tarandus...
A device for simultaneously measuring nest attendance and nest temperature in waterfowl
Paul L. Flint, Margaret C. MacCluskie
1995, Journal of Field Ornithology (66) 515-521
Previous studies of waterfowl have measured nest attendance and nest temperature separately using a variety of methods. A device was developed that monitors nest attendance and temperature simultaneously. The device consists of an artificial egg with a microswitch that records nest attendance and a thermistor probe that records temperature. Data...
Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH3-N) in sewage effluent to Chironomus riparius: II. Using a generalized linear model
D.P. Monda, D.L. Galat, S.E. Finger, M.S. Kaiser
1995, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (28) 385-390
Toxicity of un-ionized ammonia (NH3-N) to the midge, Chironomus riparius was compared, using laboratory culture (well) water and sewage effluent (≈0.4 mg/L NH3-N) in two 96-h, static-renewal toxicity experiments. A generalized linear model was used for data analysis. For the first and second experiments, respectively, LC50 values were...
A computer model of long-term salinity in San Francisco Bay: Sensitivity to mixing and inflows
R.J. Uncles, D. H. Peterson
1995, Environment International (21) 647-656
A two-level model of the residual circulation and tidally-averaged salinity in San Francisco Bay has been developed in order to interpret long-term (days to decades) salinity variability in the Bay. Applications of the model to biogeochemical studies are also envisaged. The model has been used to simulate daily-averaged salinity in...
Seasonal land-cover regions of the United States
Thomas R. Loveland, James W. Merchant, Jesslyn F. Brown, Donald O. Ohlen, Bradley C. Reed, Paul Olson, John Hutchinson
1995, Annals of the Association of American Geographers (85) 339-355
Global-change investigations have been hindered by deficiencies in the availability and quality of land-cover data. The U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have collaborated on the development of a new approach to land-cover characterization that attempts to address requirements of the global-change research community and others interested in...
A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis
Steven W. Running, Thomas R. Loveland, Lars L. Pierce, R.R. Nemani, E. Raymond Hunt Jr.
1995, Remote Sensing of Environment (51) 39-48
This article proposes a simple new logic for classifying global vegetation. The critical features of this classification are that 1) it is based on simple, observable, unambiguous characteristics of vegetation structure that are important to ecosystem biogeochemistry and can be measured in the field for validation, 2) the structural characteristics...
Increasing frequency of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic North Pacific
Martin D. Robards, John F. Piatt, Kenton D. Wohl
1995, Marine Pollution Bulletin (30) 151-157
We examined gut contents of 1799 seabirds comprising 24 species collected in 1988-1990 to assess the types and quantities of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic waters of Alaska. Of the 15 species found to ingest plastic, most were surface-feeders (shearwaters, petrels, gulls) or plankton-feeding divers (auklets, puffins)....
Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis: Steady state case
Claire R. Tiedeman, Paul A. Hsieh, Sarah B. Christian
1995, Water Resources Research (31) 27-37
A method is developed to analyze steady horizontal flow to a well pumped from a confined aquifer composed of two homogeneous zones with contrasting transmissivities. Zone 1 is laterally unbounded and encloses zone 2, which is elliptical in shape and is several orders of magnitude more transmissive than zone 1....
Salmon escapement estimates into the Togiak River using sonar, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 1987, 1988, and 1990
David B. Irving, James E. Finn, James P. Larson
1995, USFWS Alaska Fisheries Technical Report 31
We began a three year study in 1987 to test the feasibility of using sonar in the Togiak River to estimate salmon escapements. Current methods rely on periodic aerial surveys and a counting tower at river kilometer 97. Escapement estimates are not available until 10 to 14 days after the...
Continuous flow measurements using ultrasonic velocity meters - an update
Rick Oltmann
1995, Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter (Autumn 1995) 22-25
An article in the summer 1993 Newsletter described USGS work to continously monitor tidal flows in the delta using ultrasonic velocity meters. This article updates progress since 1993, including new installations, results of data analysis, damage during this year's high flows, and the status of each site....
