Comparison of three different methods to merge multiresolution and multispectral data: Landsat TM and SPOT panchromatic
P.S. Chavez Jr., S.C. Sides, J.A. Anderson
1991, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (57) 295-303
The merging of multisensor image data is becoming a widely used procedure because of the complementary nature of various data sets. Ideally, the method used to merge data sets with high-spatial and high-spectral resolution should not distort the spectral characteristics of the high-spectral resolution data. This paper compares the results...
Low intensity of the geomagnetic field in early Jurassic time
M. Perrin, M. Prevot, E. A. Mankinen
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 14197-14210
From a large collection of Jurassic continental tholeiites cropping out in Europe and Africa, we selected 90 samples for paleointensity determinations. The samples were carefully selected to avoid any secondary magnetizations, especially viscous magnetization. Use of the Thellier method reveals that magnetic property changes due to...
Application of an iterative least-squares waveform inversion of strong-motion and teleseismic records to the 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake
S. Hartzell, C. Mendoza
1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (81) 305-331
An iterative least-squares technique is used to simultaneously invert the strong-motion records and teleseismic P waveforms for the 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake to deduce the rupture history. The effects of using different data sets and different parametrizations of the problem (linear versus nonlinear) are considered. A consensus of all the...
The effects of noise due to random undetected tilts and paleosecular variation on regional paleomagnetic directions
G.J. Calderone, R.F. Butler
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 3973-3977
Random tilting of a single paleomagnetic vector produces a distribution of vectors which is not rotationally symmetric about the original vector and therefore not Fisherian. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on two types of vector distributions: (1) distributions of vectors formed by perturbing a single...
Wasatch fault zone, Utah - segmentation and history of Holocene earthquakes
Michael N. Machette, Stephen F. Personius, Alan R. Nelson, David P. Schwartz, William R. Lund
1991, Journal of Structural Geology (13) 151-164
The Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) forms the eastern boundary of the Basin and Range province and is the longest continuous, active normal fault (343 km) in the United States. It underlies an urban corridor of 1.6 million people (80% of Utah's population) representing the largest earthquake risk in the interior...
Spatial Data Transfer Standard and efforts to develop a federal Profile for Vector Data
Matthew H. McDermott, Anthony DeWitt
1991, Conference Paper, GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention
The ongoing efforts to create a more accessible and user friendly Spatial Data Transfer Standard include the development of a Profile for Vector Data and the development of a library of public domain software tools to support the encoding and decoding process. A profile is, in effect, a limited subset...
Application of uphole data from petroleum seismic surveys to groundwater investigations, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
D. Woodward, C.M. Menges
1991, Geoexploration (27) 193-212
Velocity data from uphole surveys were used to map the water table and the contact at the base dune sand/top alluvium as part of a joint National Drilling Company-United States Geological Survey Ground Water Research Project in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. During 1981–1983, a reconnaissance seismic survey was...
Accuracy of selected techniques for estimating ice-affected streamflow
John F. Walker
1991, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (117) 697-712
This paper compares the accuracy of selected techniques for estimating streamflow during ice‐affected periods. The techniques are classified into two categories—subjective and analytical—depending on the degree of judgment required. Discharge measurements have been made at three streamflow‐gauging sites in Iowa during the 1987–88 winter and used to establish a baseline...
Densities of liquids and vapors in boiling NaCl-H2O solutions: a PVTx summary from 300° to 500°C
James L. Bischoff
1991, American Journal of Science (291) 309-338
Experimental data for densities of liquids and vapors on the two-phase surface of the system NaCl-H2O were compiled and evaluated to provide a complete summary between 300° and 500°C. The results are added to a previously published PTx summary compiled in the same manner to provide a PVTx summary of...
Solution of the one-dimensional consolidation theory equation with a pseudospectral method
N. Sepulveda
Anon, editor(s)
1991, Conference Paper, IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)
The one-dimensional consolidation theory equation is solved for an aquifer system using a pseudospectral method. The spatial derivatives are computed using Fast Fourier Transforms and the time derivative is solved using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The computer model calculates compaction based on the void ratio changes accumulated during the simulated...
National aerial photography program as a geographic information system resource
Donald L. Light
1991, Conference Paper, GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention
The National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) is jointly funded by Federal agencies and States that choose to participate in a 50-50 cost sharing cooperative arrangement. The NAPP is designed to acquire black-and-white (B&W) or color infrared (CIR) photography at a scale of 1:40,000. The status of NAPP flying, now going...
New method for calculating a mathematical expression for streamflow recession
Albert T. Rutledge
1991, Conference Paper
An empirical method has been devised to calculate the master recession curve, which is a mathematical expression for streamflow recession during times of negligible direct runoff. The method is based on the assumption that the storage-delay factor, which is the time per log cycle of streamflow recession, varies linearly with...
Organic matter variations in transgressive and regressive shales
M.A. Pasley, W.A. Gregory, G.F. Hart
1991, Organic Geochemistry (17) 483-509
Organic matter in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale adjacent to the Tocito Sandstone in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico was characterized using organic petrology and organic geochemistry. Differences in the organic matter found in these regressive and transgressive offshore marine sediments have been documented and assessed within a...
Low sulfur content in submarine lavas: An unreliable indicator of subaerial eruption
A. S. Davis, D.A. Clague, M. S. Schulz, J.R. Hein
1991, Geology (19) 750-753
Low S content (<250 ppm) has been used to identify subaerially erupted Hawaiian and Icelandic lavas. Large differences in S content of submarine-erupted lavas from different tectonic settings indicate that the behavior of S is complex. Variations in S abundance in undegassed, submarine-erupted...
Possible tectonomagnetic effect observed from mid-1989, to mid-1990, in Long Valley Caldera, California
R.J. Mueller, M.J.S. Johnston, J. O. Langbein
1991, Geophysical Research Letters (18) 601-604
Precise measurements of local magnetic fields have been obtained with a differentially connected array of three proton magnetometers in the Long Valley caldera region since 1984. Two magnetometers are located inside the caldera with a third reference magnetometer located 26km southeast of the caldera. After correction...
Aerial videotape mapping of coastal geomorphic changes
Karolien Debusschere, Shea Penland, Karen A. Westphal, P. Douglas Reimer, Randolph A. McBride
1991, Conference Paper, Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management
An aerial geomorphic mapping system was developed to examine the spatial and temporal variability in the coastal geomorphology of Louisiana. Between 1984 and 1990 eleven sequential annual and post-hurricane aerial videotape surveys were flown covering periods of prolonged fair weather, hurricane impacts and subsequent post-storm recoveries. A coastal geomorphic classification...
Sedimentation and tectonics of the Sylhet trough, Bangladesh
S. Y. Johnson, Nur Alam
1991, Geological Society of America Bulletin (103) 1513-1527
The Sylhet trough, a sub-basin of the Bengal Basin in northeastern Bangladesh, contains a thick fill (12 to 16 km) of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata that record its tectonic evolution. Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and petrographic data collected from outcrops, cores, well logs, and seismic lines are here used to reconstruct...
A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States
W.M. Alley, P. Cohen
1991, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences (17) 17-22
Beginning in 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey began an effort to develop a National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The basic premise underlying this initiative is that a better understanding of the quality of water resources across the country, both surface- and groundwater, is needed to develop effective programs and policies to...
Circum-Pacific seismic potential: 1989-1999
S.P. Nishenko
1991, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (135) 169-259
The seismic potential for 96 segments of simple plate boundaries around the circum-Pacific region is presented in terms of the conditional probability for the occurrence of either large or great interplate earthquakes during the next 5, 10, and 20 years (i.e., 1989-1994, 1989-1999 and 1989-2009). This study represents the first...
Seismicity and detection/location threshold in the southern Great Basin seismic network
J. Gomberg
1991, Journal of Geophysical Research (96) 16401-16414
A spatially varying model of the detection/location capabilities of the Southern Great Basin seismic network (SGBSN) has been derived that is based on simple empirical relations and statistics. This permits use of almost all the catalog data gathered; instead of ignoring data that are below...
Sources and magnitude of bias associated with determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental samples
Robert P. Eganhouse, R. W. Gossett
1991, Analytical Chemistry (63) 2130-2137
Recently compiled data on the composition of commercial Aroclor mixtures and ECD (electron capture detector) response factors for all 209 PCB congeners are used to develop estimates of the bias associated with determination of polychlorinated blphenyis. During quantitation of multlcomponent peaks by congener-specific procedures error is introduced because of variable...
Use of the Priestley-Taylor evaporation equation for soil water limited conditions in a small forest clearcut
Alan L. Flint, S.W. Childs
1991, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (56) 247-260
The Priestley-Taylor equation, a simplification of the Penman equation, was used to allow calculations of evapotranspiration under conditions where soil water supply limits evapotranspiration. The Priestley-Taylor coefficient, α, was calculated to incorporate an exponential decrease in evapotranspiration as soil water content decreases. The method is appropriate for use when detailed...
Data standardization. The key to effective management
C. Russell Wagner
1991, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Effective management of the nation's water resources is dependent upon accurate and consistent hydrologic information. Before the emergence of environmental concerns in the 1960's, most hydrologic information was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and other Federal agencies that used fairly consistent methods and equipment. In the past quarter century,...
Use of sediment-trace element geochemical models for the identification of local fluvial baseline concentrations
A. J. Horowitz, K. A. Elrick, C. R. Demas, D.K. Demcheck
1991, Conference Paper, IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)
Studies have demonstrated the utility of fluvial bed sediment chemical data in assesing local water-quality conditions. However, establishing local background trace element levels can be difficult. Reference to published average concentrations or the use of dated cores are often of little use in small areas of diverse local petrology, geology,...
Estimates of velocity structure and source depth using multiple P waves from aftershocks of the 1987 Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes
J. Mori
1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (81) 508-523
Event record sections, which are constructed by plotting seismograms from many closely spaced earthquakes recorded on a few stations, show multiple free-surface reflections (PP, PPP, PPPP) of the P wave in the Imperial Valley, California. The relative timing of these arrivals is used to estimate the strength of the P-wave...
