A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set
Roy A. Walters, Francisco Werner
1989, Advances in Water Resources (12) 184-193
Using the region of the English Channel and the southern bight of the North Sea, we systematically compare the results of two independent finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics. The model intercomparison provides a means for increasing our understanding of the relevant physical processes in the region in question as...
Air permeability and trapped-air content in two soils
David A. Stonestrom, Jacob Rubin
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 1959-1969
To improve understanding of hysteretic air permeability relations, a need exists for data on the water content dependence of air permeability, matric pressure, and air trapping (especially for wetting-drying cycles). To obtain these data, a special instrument was designed. The instrument is a combination of a gas permeameter (for air...
Geographic information system/watershed model interface
Gary T. Fisher
1989, Conference Paper
Geographic information systems allow for the interactive analysis of spatial data related to water-resources investigations. A conceptual design for an interface between a geographic information system and a watershed model includes functions for the estimation of model parameter values. Design criteria include ease of use, minimal equipment requirements, a generic...
Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction
P. Segall
1989, Geology (17) 942-946
Seismicity is correlated in space and time with production from some oil and gas fields where pore pressures have declined by several tens of megapascals. Reverse faulting has occurred both above and below petroleum reservoirs, and normal faulting has occurred on the flanks of at...
On numerical modeling of one-dimensional geothermal histories
R. A. Haugerud
1989, Computers & Geosciences (15) 825-836
Numerical models of one-dimensional geothermal histories are one way of understanding the relations between tectonics and transient thermal structure in the crust. Such models can be powerful tools for interpreting geochronologic and thermobarometric data. A flexible program to calculate these models on a microcomputer is available and examples of its...
Shaded relief map of US topography from digital elevations
R.J. Pike, G.P. Thelin
1989, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union (70) 843-853
Much geologic and geophysical information that lies encoded within land surface form can be revealed by image processing large files of digitized elevations in fast machines and mapping the results. This convergence of computers, analytic software, data, and output devices has created exciting opportunities for automating...
Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 1285-1294
A main problem encountered in radiometric calibration of satellite image data is correcting for atmospheric effects. Without this correction, an image digital number (DN) cannot be converted to a surface reflectance value. In this paper the accuracy of a calibration procedure, which includes a correction for atmospheric scattering, is tested....
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of coalified gymnosperm xylem tissue from Australian brown coals
Patrick G. Hatcher, Harry E. Lerch, Anne L. Bates, T.V. Verheyen
1989, Organic Geochemistry (14) 145-155
We report here on the use of solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to contrast the average chemical composition of modern degraded gymnosperm woods with fossil gymnosperm woods from Australian brown coals (Miocene). We first established the quantitative nature of the NMR techniques for these samples so that the conventional...
Geologic implications of topographic, gravity, and aeromagnetic data in the northern Yukon-Koyukuk province and its borderlands, Alaska
J. W. Cady
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 15821-15841
The northern Yukon-Koyukuk province is characterized by low elevation and high Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies in contrast to the adjacent Brooks Range and Ruby geanticline. Using newly compiled digital topographic, gravity, and aeromagnetic maps, I have divided the province into three geophysical domains. The Koyukuk domain, which is nearly...
A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data
L. Cordell, A. E. McCafferty
1989, Geophysics (54) 621-634
The terracing operator works iteratively on gravity or magnetic data, using the sense of the measured field's local curvature, to produce a field comprised of uniform domains separated by abrupt domain boundaries. The result is crudely proportional to a physical-property function defined in one (profile case) or two (map case)...
A satellite-based digital data system for low-frequency geophysical data
S. Silverman, C. Mortensen, M. Johnston
1989, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (79) 189-198
A reliable method for collection, display, and analysis of low-frequency geophysical data from isolated sites, which can be throughout North and South America and the Pacific Rim, has been developed for use with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system. Geophysical data primarily intended for earthquake hazard and crustal deformation...
Development of a benthic invertebrate objective for mesotrophic Great Lakes waters
Trefor B. Reynoldson, Donald W. Schloesser, Bruce A. Manny
1989, Journal of Great Lakes Research (15) 669-686
A biological indicator of mesotrophic conditions should (1) provide an appropriate and interpretable objective; (2) be achievable if corrective measures are taken (i.e., it should be within the expected environmental range of the system); and (3) allow measurement of progress toward the objective. Historical data from the Great Lakes suggest...
Estimating carcass fat and protein in northern pintails during the nonbreeding season
Michael R. Miller
1989, Journal of Wildlife Management (53) 123-129
I used northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected from August through March 1979-82 in the Sacramento Valley, California to derive equations to predict ether-extracted carcass fat, carcass protein, and skeletal lean dry weight. Ether-extracted carcass fat was best predicted by total fat depot weight (wet skin, abdominal fat, and intestinal fat)...
Sightability adjustment methods for aerial surveys of wildlife populations
R.K. Steinhorst, M.D. Samuel
1989, Biometrics (45) 415-425
Aerial surveys are routinely conducted to estimate the abundance of wildlife species and the rate of population change. However, sightability of animal groups is acknowledged as a significant source of bias in these estimates. Recent research has focused on the development of sightability models to predict the probability of sighting...
Estimating carcass fat and protein in northern pintails during the nonbreeding season
Michael R. Miller
1989, Journal of Wildlife Management (53) 123-129
I used northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected from August through March 1979-82 in the Sacramento Valley, California to derive equations to predict ether-extracted carcass fat, carcass protein, and skeletal lean dry weight. Ether-extracted carcass fat was best predicted by total fat depot weight (wet skin, abdominal fat, and intestinal fat)...
Winter raptor use of the Platte and North Platte River Valleys in south central Nebraska
G.R. Lingle
1989, Prairie Naturalist (21) 1-16
Winter distribution and abundance of raptors were monitored within the Platte and North Platte river valleys. Data were collected along 265 km of census routes along the Platte and North Platte rivers during the winters of 1978-1979 and 1979-1980. Observations recorded during the second winter involved less observation time and...
A macrophyte submodel for aquatic ecosystems
Carol Desormeau Collins, Joseph H. Wlosinski
1989, Aquatic Botany (33) 191-206
A macrophyte submodel has been incorporated and tested in CE-QUAL-R1, a one-dimensional, vertically averaged model of reservoir water quality. A quasi two-dimensional scheme was necessary to represent the spatial relationship of macrophytes in reservoirs adequately. The macrophyte processes modeled were photosynthesis, dark respiration, excretion and nonpredatory mortality. Process equations for...
Disposition of pentachlorophenol in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): Effect of inhibition of metabolism
G. R. Stehly, W. L. Hayton
1989, Aquatic Toxicology (14) 131-148
The accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were investigated in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the absence and presence of 25 mg/1 salicylamide, an inhibitor of PCP metabolism. After exposure to 5 μg/1 PCP over 1–96 h, the amount of PCP in the whole fish, its concentration in water and the...
Survival analysis in telemetry studies: The staggered entry design
Kenneth H. Pollock, Scott R. Winterstein, Christine M. Bunck, Paul D. Curtis
1989, Journal of Wildlife Management (53) 7-15
The estimation of survival distributions for radio-tagged animals is important to wildlife ecologists. Allowance must be made for animals being lost (or censored) due to radio failure, radio loss, or emigration of the animal from the study area. The Kaplan-Meier procedure (Kaplan and Meier 1958), widely used in medical studies...
Side-scan sonar mapping of lake trout spawning habitat in northern Lake Michigan
Thomas A. Edsall, Thomas P. Poe, Robert T. Nester, Charles L. Brown
1989, North American Journal of Fisheries Management (9) 269-279
Native stocks of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were virtually or completely extirpated from the lower four Great Lakes by the early 1960s. The failure of early attempts to reestablish self-sustaining populations of lake trout was attributed partly to the practice of stocking hatcheryreared juveniles at locations and over substrates that had...
Robustness of disaggregate oil and gas discovery forecasting models
E. D. Attanasi, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1989, Marine and Petroleum Geology (6) 270-276
The trend in forecasting oil and gas discoveries has been to develop and use models that allow forecasts of the size distribution of future discoveries. From such forecasts, exploration and development costs can more readily be computed. Two classes of these forecasting models are the Arps-Roberts type models and the...
Hydrologic effects on water level changes associated with episodic fault creep near Parkfield, California
E.A. Roeloffs, S.S. Burford, F. S. Riley, A.W. Records
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 12387-12402
As part of the Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction experiment, water level is monitored in a well 460 m from the main trace of the San Andreas fault on Middle Mountain, in the preparation zone of the anticipated Parkfield earthquake. The well configuration allows water level to be monitored in two...
Gopherus agassizii: Desert tortoise
Kristen H. Berry
Ian Richard Swingland, Michael W. Klemens, editor(s)
1989, Book chapter, The conservation biology of tortoises
The desert tortoise is one of four allopatric North American tortoises. It occurs in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico.Auffenberg (1976) divided the genus Gopherus (consisting of four species, G. agassizi, G. berlandieri, G.flavomarginatus, and G. polyphemus) in two osteological groups. Bramble (1982), using...
Performance and utility of satellite telemetry during field studies of free-ranging polar bears in Alaska
Gerald W. Garner, Steven C. Amstrup, David C. Douglas, Craig L. Gardner
Charles J. Amlaner Jr., editor(s)
1989, Conference Paper, Biotelemetry X: Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on biotelemetry
Satellite telemetry technology has been used during field studies of polar bears in Alaska since 1985. A total of 109 Platform Transmitter Terminals (PTT) have been deployed on free-ranging female polar bears that seasonally inhabit waters adjacent to the Alaskan coast. The PTTs transmitted locational and sensor data to TIROS-N...
Techniques for shipboard surveys of marine birds
Patrick J. Gould, Douglas J. Forsell
1989, Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 25
We describe shipboard and small boat techniques used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Alaska to survey marine birds at sea. The basis is a 10-min, 300-m-wide, strip transect taken from a platform moving at a constant speed in a constant direction. Special routines, such as instantaneous counts...
