Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 1285-1294
A main problem encountered in radiometric calibration of satellite image data is correcting for atmospheric effects. Without this correction, an image digital number (DN) cannot be converted to a surface reflectance value. In this paper the accuracy of a calibration procedure, which includes a correction for atmospheric scattering, is tested....
Idealized debris flow in flume with bed driven by a conveyor belt
Chi-Hai Ling, Cheng-lung Chen
1989, Conference Paper
The generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model is used to derive the theoretical expressions of two-dimensional velocities and surface profile for debris flow established in a flume with bed driven by a conveyor belt. The rheological parameters of the GVF model are evaluated through the comparison of theoretical results with measured...
Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of coalified gymnosperm xylem tissue from Australian brown coals
Patrick G. Hatcher, Harry E. Lerch, Anne L. Bates, T.V. Verheyen
1989, Organic Geochemistry (14) 145-155
We report here on the use of solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to contrast the average chemical composition of modern degraded gymnosperm woods with fossil gymnosperm woods from Australian brown coals (Miocene). We first established the quantitative nature of the NMR techniques for these samples so that the conventional...
Morphology and growth history of Delgada Fan: Implications for the Neogene evolution of Point Arena Basin and the Mendocino Triple Junction
D.E. Drake, D.A. Cacchione, J.V. Gardner, D. S. McCulloch, D. Masson
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 3139-3158
Long-range side scan (GLORIA) sonographs and seismic reflection data acquired during a survey of the western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in 1984, coupled with information from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites, provide new insights into the growth and evolution of the Delgada Fan. Construction of the fan commenced in the...
Use of the variable gain settings on SPOT
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 195-201
Often the brightness or digital number (DN) range of satellite image data is less than optimal and uses only a portion of the available values (0 to 255) because the range of reflectance values is small. Most imaging systems have been designed with only two gain settings, normal and high....
Spectral analysis and filtering techniques in digital spatial data processing
Jeng-Jong Pan
1989, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (55) 1203-1207
A filter toolbox has been developed at the EROS Data Center, US Geological Survey, for retrieving or removing specified frequency information from two-dimensional digital spatial data. This filter toolbox provides capabilities to compute the power spectrum of a given data and to design various filters in the frequency domain. Three...
Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81
David J. Shultz
1989, Water Supply Paper 2234-J
On an annual basis, river-supplied nitrate is the predominant form of nitrogen supplied to the tidal Potomac River from external sources. Much of the nitrate is associated with high flows that have rapid transit times through the tidal river. The Blue Plains Sewage-Treatment Plant (STP) at Washington, D.C., is the...
A terracing operator for physical property mapping with potential field data
L. Cordell, A. E. McCafferty
1989, Geophysics (54) 621-634
The terracing operator works iteratively on gravity or magnetic data, using the sense of the measured field's local curvature, to produce a field comprised of uniform domains separated by abrupt domain boundaries. The result is crudely proportional to a physical-property function defined in one (profile case) or two (map case)...
Basin-scale relations via conditioning
B.M. Troutman, M.R. Karlinger, D.P. Guertin
1989, Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics (3) 111-133
A rainfall-runoff model is used in conjunction with a probabilistic description of the input to this model to obtain simple regression-like relations for basin runoff in terms of basin and storm characteristics. These relations, similar to those sought in regionalization studies, are computed by evaluating the conditional distribution of model...
Determination of sensible heat flux over sparse canopy using thermal infrared data
William P. Kustas, B. J. Choudhury, M. S. Moran, R. J. Reginato, R. D. Jackson, L. W. Gay, H. L. Weaver
1989, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (44) 197-216
Surface temperatures, Ts, were estimated for a natural vegetative surface in Owens Valley, California, with infrared thermometric observations collected from an aircraft. The region is quite arid and is composed primarily of bushes (∼30%) and bare soil (∼70%). Application of the bulk transfer equation for the estimation of sensible heat, H, gave...
Some significant records from instrumented structures in California - USGS program
M. Çelebi, E. Safak, R. Maley
1989, Conference Paper
The main objective in seismic instrumentation of structures is to facilitate response studies that lead to improved understanding of the dynamic behavior and the potential for damage to structures under seismic loading. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to review the status of the programs for strong-motion instrumentation of...
Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction
P. Segall
1989, Geology (17) 942-946
Seismicity is correlated in space and time with production from some oil and gas fields where pore pressures have declined by several tens of megapascals. Reverse faulting has occurred both above and below petroleum reservoirs, and normal faulting has occurred on the flanks of at...
Response of selected binomial coefficients to varying degrees of matrix sparseness and to matrices with known data interrelationships
A.W. Archer, C.G. Maples
1989, Mathematical Geology (21) 741-753
Numerous departures from ideal relationships are revealed by Monte Carlo simulations of widely accepted binomial coefficients. For example, simulations incorporating varying levels of matrix sparseness (presence of zeros indicating lack of data) and computation of expected values reveal that not only are all common coefficients influenced by zero data, but...
Local scour at bridge abutments
David C. Froehlich
1989, Conference Paper
Comparison of local scour depths at bridge abutments computed using different equations yields a large variation in predicted values. To consolidate the fragmented results of previous investigations and assemble the most comprehensive data set possible, reported laboratory measurements of local scour at the end of an obstruction protruding from the...
Sightability adjustment methods for aerial surveys of wildlife populations
R.K. Steinhorst, M.D. Samuel
1989, Biometrics (45) 415-425
Aerial surveys are routinely conducted to estimate the abundance of wildlife species and the rate of population change. However, sightability of animal groups is acknowledged as a significant source of bias in these estimates. Recent research has focused on the development of sightability models to predict the probability of sighting...
Peak outflow from a breached embankment dam
David C. Froehlich
1989, Conference Paper
A relation for rapidly predicting the peak outflow rate from a breached embankment dam has been presented. The prediction equation is based on reliable data from 19 embankment dam failures and requires as input the volume of water in the reservoir at the time a breach begins to form, and...
Air permeability and trapped-air content in two soils
David A. Stonestrom, Jacob Rubin
1989, Water Resources Research (25) 1959-1969
To improve understanding of hysteretic air permeability relations, a need exists for data on the water content dependence of air permeability, matric pressure, and air trapping (especially for wetting-drying cycles). To obtain these data, a special instrument was designed. The instrument is a combination of a gas permeameter (for air...
Spatial patterns of aftershocks of shallow focus earthquakes in California and implications for deep focus earthquakes
A.J. Michael
1989, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (94) 5615-5626
Previous workers have pioneered statistical techniques to study the spatial distribution of aftershocks with respect to the focal mechanism of the main shock. Application of these techniques to deep focus earthquakes failed to show clustering of aftershocks near the nodal planes of the main shocks. To better understand the behavior...
Hydrologic data of the Nashua and Souhegan River basins, Massachusetts
B. P. Hansen, R. A. Brackley, V. A. de Lima
1989, Open-File Report 87-221
No abstract available....
Climate variability in an estuary: Effects of riverflow on San Francisco Bay
David H. Peterson, Daniel R. Cayan, John F. Festa, Frederic H. Nichols, Roy A. Walters, James V. Slack, Stephen E. Hager, Laurence E. Schemel
David H. Peterson, editor(s)
1989, Book chapter, Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas
A simple conceptual model of estuarine variability in the context of climate forcing has been formulated using up to 65 years of estimated mean-monthly delta flow, the cumulative freshwater flow to San Francisco Bay from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River, and salinity observations near the mouth, head, mid-estuary, and coastal...
Selected ground-water data, Chester County, Pennsylvania
Ronald A. Sloto
1989, Open-File Report 87-217
Hydrologic data for Chester County, Pennsylvania are given for 3,010 wells and 32 springs. Water levels are given for 48 observation wells measured monthly during 1936-86. Chemical analyses of ground water are given for major ions, physical properties, nutrients, metals and other trace constituents, volatile organic compounds, acid organic compounds,...
Survival analysis in telemetry studies: The staggered entry design
Kenneth H. Pollock, Scott R. Winterstein, Christine M. Bunck, Paul D. Curtis
1989, Journal of Wildlife Management (53) 7-15
The estimation of survival distributions for radio-tagged animals is important to wildlife ecologists. Allowance must be made for animals being lost (or censored) due to radio failure, radio loss, or emigration of the animal from the study area. The Kaplan-Meier procedure (Kaplan and Meier 1958), widely used in medical studies...
Comparison of methods for estimating flood magnitudes on small streams in Georgia
Glen W. Hess, McGlone Price
1989, Water Resources Bulletin (25) 149-154
The U.S. Geological Survey has collected flood data for small, natural streams at many sites throughout Georgia during the past 20 years. Flood-frequency relations were developed for these data using four methods: (1) observed (log-Pearson Type III analysis) data, (2) rainfall-runoff model, (3) regional regression equations, and (4) map-model combination....
Nearshore bars and the break-point hypothesis
A. H. Sallenger Jr., Peter A. Howd
1989, Coastal Engineering (12) 301-313
The set of hypotheses calling for bar formation at the break point was tested with field data. During two different experiments, waves were measured across the surf zone coincident with the development of a nearshore bar. We use a criterion, based on the wave height to depth ratio, to determine...
Porosity development in coastal carbonate aquifers
W. E. Sanford, Leonard F. Konikow
1989, Geology (17) 249-252
Geochemical mixing theory suggests that the mixing of seawater and calcite-saturated fresh ground water can result in a solution that is undersaturated with respect to calcite. Previous studies of the mixing of such waters in carbonate rocks along certain coastlines have indicated that...
