Seed harvesting is influenced by associational effects in mixed seed neighbourhoods, not just by seed density
Steven M. Ostoja, Eugene W. Schupp, Susan Durham, Robert C. Klinger
2013, Functional Ecology (27) 775-785
Rodents frequently forage in a density-dependent manner, increasing harvesting in patches with greater seed densities. Although seldom considered, seed harvesting may also depend on the species identities of other individuals in the seed neighbourhood. When the seed harvest of a focal species increases in association with another...
Chalcopyrite—bearer of a precious, non-precious metal
Bryn E. Kimball
2013, Geology Today (29) 30-35
The mineral chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the world's most abundant source of copper, a metal component in virtually every piece of electrical equipment. It is the main copper mineral in several different ore deposit types, the most important of which are porphyry deposits. Chalcopyrite is unstable at the Earth's surface, so...
Nyamulagira’s magma plumbing system inferred from 15 years of InSAR
Christelle Wauthier, Valerie Cayol, Michael P. Poland, Francois Kervyn, Nicolas D’Oreye, Andrew Hooper, Sergei Samsonov, Kristy Tiampo, Benoit Smets
D. M. Pyle, T.A. Mather, J. Biggs, editor(s)
2013, Book chapter, Remote Sensing of Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes: Integrating Observation and Modelling
Nyamulagira, located in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo on the western branch of the East African rift, is Africa’s most active volcano, with an average of one eruption every 3 years since 1938. Owing to the socio-economical context of that region, the volcano lacks ground-based geodetic measurements...
Constraints on behaviour of a mining‐induced earthquake inferred from laboratory rock mechanics experiments
Arthur F. McGarr, Malcolm J. S. Johnston, M. Boettcher, V. Heesakkers, Z. Reches
2013, Conference Paper, Proc. 8th International Symposium on Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines
On December 12, 2004, an earthquake of magnitude 2.2, located in the TauTona Gold Mine at a depth of about 3.65 km in the ancient Pretorius fault zone, was recorded by the in-mine borehole seismic network, yielding an excellent set of ground motion data recorded at hypocentral distances of several...
Desert fires fueled by native annual forbs: Effects of fire on communities of plants and birds in the Lower Sonoran Desert of Arizona
Todd C. Esque, Robert H. Webb, Cynthia S.A. Wallace, Charles van Riper III, Chris McCreedy, Lindsay A. Smythe
2013, Southwestern Naturalist (58) 223-233
In 2005, fire ignited by humans swept from Yuma Proving Grounds into Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, burning ca. 9,255 ha of Wilderness Area. Fuels were predominantly the native forb Plantago ovata. Large fires at low elevations were rare in the 19th and 20th centuries, and fires fueled by native...
Management guidelines for enhancing Cerulean Warbler breeding habitat in Appalachian hardwood forests
Petra Wood, James Sheehan, Patrick D. Keyser, David A. Buehler, Jeff Larkin, Amanda D. Rodewald, Scott H. Stoleson, T. Bently Wigley, Jeremy Mizel, Than J. Boves, Greg George, Marja H. Bakermans, Tiffany A. Beachy, Andrea Evans, Molly E. McDermott, Felicity L. Newell, Kelly A. Perkins, Matt White
2013, Report
The Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) is a migratory songbird that breeds in mature deciduous forests of eastern North America. Cerulean Warblers (hereafter, ceruleans) require heavily forested landscapes for nesting and, within Appalachian forests, primarily occur on ridge tops and steep, upper slopes. They are generally associated with oakdominated (Quercus spp.)...
Estimating abundance of adult striped bass in reservoirs using mobile hydroacoustics
Joseph E. Hightower, J. Christopher Taylor, Donald J. Degan
2013, American Fisheries Society Symposium (80) 279-289
Hydroacoustic surveys have proven valuable for estimating reservoir forage fish abundance but are more challenging for adult predators such as striped bass Morone saxatilis. Difficulties in assessing striped bass in reservoirs include their low density and the inability to distinguish species with hydroacoustic data alone. Despite these difficulties, mobile hydroacoustic...
Tagging methods for estimating population size and mortality rates of inland striped bass populations
Joseph E. Hightower, Kenneth H. Pollock
2013, American Fisheries Society Symposium (80) 249-262
Striped bass Morone saxatilis in inland reservoirs play an important role ecologically and in supporting recreational fishing. To manage these populations, biologists need information about abundance and mortality. Abundance estimates can be used to assess the effectiveness of stocking programs that maintain most reservoir striped bass populations. Mortality estimates can...
Convection in a volcanic conduit recorded by bubbles
Rebecca J. Carey, Michael Manga, Wim Degruyter, Helge M. Gonnermann, Donald Swanson, Bruce F. Houghton, Tim R. Orr, Matthew R. Patrick
2013, Geology (41) 395-398
Microtextures of juvenile pyroclasts from Kīlauea’s (Hawai‘i) early A.D. 2008 explosive activity record the velocity and depth of convection within the basaltic magma-filled conduit. We use X-ray microtomography (μXRT) to document the spatial distribution of bubbles. We find small bubbles (radii from 5 μm to 70 μm) in a halo...
Tree-ring records of variation in flow and channel geometry
M.F. Merigliano, J.M. Friedman, M. L. Scott
2013, Book chapter, Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences; Treatise on geomorphology, Volume 12
We review the use of tree rings to date flood disturbance, channel change, and sediment deposition, with an emphasis on rivers in semi-arid landscapes in the western United States. As watershed area decreases and aridity increases, large floods have a more pronounced and sustained effect on channel width and location,...
Effects of acidic deposition and soil acidification on sugar maple trees in the Adirondack Mountains, New York
Timothy J. Sullivan, Gregory B. Lawrence, Scott W. Bailey, Todd C. McDonnell, G.T. McPherson
2013, Report
This study documents the effects of acidic deposition and soil acid-base chemistry on the growth, regeneration, and canopy condition of sugar maple (SM) trees in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Sugar maple is the dominant canopy species throughout much of the northern hardwood forest in the State. A field...
Management of wetlands for wildlife
Matthew J. Gray, Heath M. Hagy, J. Andrew Nyman, Joshua D. Stafford
2013, Book chapter
Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems that provide habitat for a diversity of wildlife species and afford various ecosystem services. Managing wetlands effectively requires an understanding of basic ecosystem processes, animal and plant life history strategies, and principles of wildlife management. Management techniques that are used differ depending on target species,...
Evaluation of habitat quality for selected wildlife species associated with back channels.
James T. Anderson, Andrew K. Zadnik, Petra Bohall Wood, Kerry Bledsoe
2013, Open Journal Of Ecology (3) 301-310
The islands and associated back channels on the Ohio River, USA, are believed to provide critical habitat features for several wildlife species. However, few studies have quantitatively evaluated habitat quality in these areas. Our main objective was to evaluate the habitat quality of back and main channel areas for several...
The PRISM (Pliocene Palaeoclimate) reconstruction: Time for a paradigm shift
Harry J. Dowsett, Marci M. Robinson, Danielle K. Stoll, Kevin M. Foley, Andrew L. A. Johnson, Mark Williams, Christina Riesselman
2013, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (371) 1-24
Global palaeoclimate reconstructions have been invaluable to our understanding of the causes and effects of climate change, but single-temperature representations of the oceanic mixed layer for data–model comparisons are outdated, and the time for a paradigm shift in marine palaeoclimate reconstruction is overdue. The new paradigm in marine palaeoclimate reconstruction...
On the identification of a Pliocene time slice for data–model comparison
Alan M. Haywood, Aisling M. Dolan, Steven J. Pickering, Harry J. Dowsett, Erin L. McClymont, Caroline L. Prescott, Ulrich Salzmann, Daniel J. Hill, Stephen J. Hunter, Daniel J. Lunt, James O. Pope, Paul J. Valdes
2013, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (371) 1-21
The characteristics of the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP: 3.264–3.025 Ma BP) have been examined using geological proxies and climate models. While there is agreement between models and data, details of regional climate differ. Uncertainties in prescribed forcings and in proxy data limit the utility of the interval to understand the dynamics of...
Autumn monitoring of resident avifauna on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands
Clint W. Boal, Joseph M. Wunderle Jr., Wayne J. Arendt
2013, Ornitologia Neotropical (24) 335-343
Although the Caribbean region is considered a biodiversity hotspot and a priority for ecological conservation efforts, little information exists on population trends of West Indian landbirds. We combined avian survey data collected from three studies spanning a 16-year period on a small island with a minimal human presence in the...
Pre-eruptive magmatic conditions at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, 2006: Evidence from amphibole geochemistry and textures
Sarah De Angelis, Jessica D Larsen, Michelle L. Coombs
2013, Journal of Petrology (54) 1939-1961
Variations in the geochemistry and texture of amphibole phenocrysts erupted from Augustine Volcano in 2006 provide new insights into pre- and syn-eruptive magma storage and mixing. Amphiboles are rare but present in all magma compositions (low- to high-silica andesites) from the 3 month long eruption. Unzoned magnesiohornblende in the high-...
A simple device for measuring the minimum current velocity to maintain semi-buoyant fish eggs in suspension
Julia S. Mueller, Brandon D. Cheek, Qingman Chen, Jillian R. Groeschel, Shannon K. Brewer, Timothy B. Grabowski
2013, Prairie Naturalist (45) 84-89
Pelagic broadcast spawning cyprinids are common to Great Plains rivers and streams. This reproductive guild produces non-adhesive semi-buoyant eggs that require sufficient current velocity to remain in suspension during development. Although studies have shown that there may be a minimum velocity needed to keep the eggs in suspension, this velocity...
Riparian restoration in the context of Tamarix control in the western United States: Chapter 23
Patrick B. Shafroth, David M. Merritt, Mark K. Briggs, Vanessa B. Beauchamp, Kenneth D. Lair, Michael L. Scott, Anna Sher
Anna Sher, Martin F. Quigley, editor(s)
2013, Book chapter
This chapter focuses on the restoration of riparian systems in the context of Tamarix control—that is, Tamarix-dominated sites are converted to a replacement vegetation type that achieves specific management goals and helps return parts of the system to a desired and more natural state or dynamic. It reviews research related...
Integrated hydrologic modeling of a transboundary aquifer system —Lower Rio Grande
Randall T. Hanson, Wolfgang Schmid, Jacob E. Knight, Thomas Maddock III
2013, Conference Paper, MODFLOW and more 2013--Translating science into practice
For more than 30 years the agreements developed for the aquifer systems of the lower Rio Grande and related river compacts of the Rio Grande River have evolved into a complex setting of transboundary conjunctive use. The conjunctive use now includes many facets of water rights, water use, and emerging...
A critique of the use of indicator-species scores for identifying thresholds in species responses
Thomas F. Cuffney, Song S. Qian
2013, Freshwater Science (32) 471-488
Identification of ecological thresholds is important both for theoretical and applied ecology. Recently, Baker and King (2010, King and Baker 2010) proposed a method, threshold indicator analysis (TITAN), to calculate species and community thresholds based on indicator species scores adapted from Dufrêne and Legendre (1997). We tested the ability of...
Watering the forest for the trees: An emerging priority for managing water in forest landscapes
Gordon E. Grant, Christina L. Tague, Craig D. Allen
2013, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (11) 314-321
Widespread threats to forests resulting from drought stress are prompting a re-evaluation of priorities for water management on forest lands. In contrast to the widely held view that forest management should emphasize providing water for downstream uses, we argue that maintaining forest health in the context of a changing climate...
Comparison of DNA preservation methods for environmental bacterial community samples
Michael A. Gray, Zoe A. Pratte, Christina A. Kellogg
2013, FEMS Microbiology Ecology (83) 468-477
Field collections of environmental samples, for example corals, for molecular microbial analyses present distinct challenges. The lack of laboratory facilities in remote locations is common, and preservation of microbial community DNA for later study is critical. A particular challenge is keeping samples frozen in transit. Five nucleic acid preservation methods...
Geologic map of the Topock 7.5’ quadrangle, Arizona and California
Keith A. Howard, Barbara E. John, Jane E. Nielson, Julia M. G. Miller, Joseph L. Wooden
2013, Scientific Investigations Map 3236
The Topock quadrangle exposes a structurally complex part of the Colorado River extensional corridor and also exposes deposits that record landscape evolution during the history of the Colorado River. Paleoproterozoic gneisses and Mesoproterozoic granitoids and intrusive sheets are exposed through tilted cross-sectional thicknesses of many kilometers. Intruding them are a...
Review of oil families and their petroleum systems of the Williston Basin
Paul G. Lillis
2013, Mountain Geologist (50) 5-31
The petroleum system concept was first applied in 1974 (Dow/Williams) to identify three oil systems in the Williston Basin, and recent studies have expanded the number to at least nine. This paper reviews the petroleum geochemistry, oil-oil, and oil-source correlations of the oil systems of the Williston Basin, providing...
