River basins of the United States: the Colorado
Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey
1987, Report
This leaflet, one of a series on the river basins of the United States, contains information on the Colorado River Basin, including a brief early history, a description of the physical characteristics, and other statistical data. At present, other river basins included in the series are The Columbia, The Delaware,...
Incorporating activity time in harmonic home range analysis
Michael D. Samuel, Edward O. Garton
1987, Journal of Wildlife Management (51) 254-257
The amount of time an animal spends in particular areas is an important aspect of estimating its home range and activity pattern. Calculations of home range using the harmonic mean can be modified to reflect the amount of time or the type of activity observed at each location. The...
Stratification of a cityscape using census and land use variables for inventory of building materials
G.H. Rosenfield, K. Fitzpatrick-Lins, T. L. Johnson
1987, The Annals of Regional Science (21) 22-33
A cityscape (or any landscape) can be stratified into environmental units using multiple variables of information. For the purposes of sampling building materials, census and land use variables were used to identify similar strata. In the Metropolitan Statistical Area of a cityscape, the census tract is the smallest unit for...
Phytoplankton productivity in relation to light intensity: A simple equation
D. H. Peterson, M.J. Perry, K.E. Bencala, M.C. Talbot
1987, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (24) 813-832
A simple exponential equation is used to describe photosynthetic rate as a function of light intensity for a variety of unicellular algae and higher plants where photosynthesis is proportional to (1-e−β1). The parameter β (=Ik−1">=Ik−1) is derived by a simultaneous curve-fitting method, where I is incident...
An automated technique for flow measurements from mariotte reservoirs
Jim Constantz, Fred Murphy
1987, Soil Science Society of America Journal (51) 252-254
The mariotte reservoir supplies water at a constant hydraulic pressure by self-regulation of its internal gas pressure. Automated outflow measurements from mariotte reservoirs are generally difficult because of the reservoir's self-regulation mechanism. This paper describes an automated flow meter specifically designed for use with mariotte reservoirs. The flow meter monitors...
Crustal and upper mantle structure of stable continental regions in North America and northern Europe
R.P. Masse
1987, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (125) 205-239
From an analysis of many seismic profiles across the stable continental regions of North America and northern Europe, the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure is determined. Analysis procedures include ray theory calculations and synthetic seismograms computed using reflectivity techniques. The P wave velocity structure beneath the Canadian Shield is...
Landsat Image Map Production Methods at the U. S. Geological Survey
R.D. Kidwell, D.R. Binnie, S. Martin
1987, Journal of Imaging Technology (13) 93-96
To maintain consistently high quality in satellite image map production, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed standard procedures for the photographic and digital production of Landsat image mosaics, and for lithographic printing of multispectral imagery. This paper gives a brief review of the photographic, digital, and lithographic procedures...
Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law
John R. Nimmo, J. Rubin, D.P. Hammermeister
1987, Water Resources Research (23) 124-134
A method has been developed to establish steady state flow of water in an unsaturated soil sample spinning in a centrifuge. Theoretical analysis predicts moisture conditions in the sample that depend strongly on soil type and certain operating parameters. For Oakley sand, measurements of flux, water content, and matric potential...
Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings
David V. Fitterman, Walter L. Anderson
1987, Geoexploration (24) 131-146
A general procedure for computing the effect of non-zero turn-off time on the transient electromagnetic response is presented which can be applied to forward and inverse calculation methods for any transmitter-receiver configuration. We consider in detail the case of a large transmitter loop which has a receiver coil located at...
An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)
W. W. Dickinson
1987, Chemical Geology (65) 103-116
A closed-system model is used for predicting the δ18O of formation waters in the deep portions of the northern Green River basin, Wyoming. δ18Ocalcite is calculated from this modeled water and compared with the δ18O of measured calcites to help interpret diagenesis in the basin.The modification of 18Owater, which may be caused...
Microprocessor-based data-acquisition system for a borehole radar
Jerry A. Bradley, David L. Wright
1987, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GE-25) 441-447
An efficient microprocessor-based system has been implemented that permits real-time acquisition, stacking, and digital recording of data generated by a borehole radar system. Although the system digitizes, stacks, and records independently of a computer, it is interfaced to a desktop computer for program control over system parameters such as sampling...
The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary
N.S. Simon, M.M. Kennedy
1987, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (25) 11-26
The distribution of dissolved ammonium, adsorbed ammonium and residual, organic and total nitrogen was measured in Potomac River tidal, transition zone and lower estuary sediments to a depth of 66 cm. For these sediments, exchangeable ammonium, and thereby adsorbed ammonium concentrations, were determined directly using an ammonia electrode in alkaline...
PHYSICAL MODELING OF CONTRACTED FLOW.
Jonathan K. Lee
1987, Conference Paper
Experiments on steady flow over uniform grass roughness through centered single-opening contractions were conducted in the Flood Plain Simulation Facility at the U. S. Geological Survey's Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center near Bay St. Louis, Miss. The experimental series was designed to provide data for calibrating and verifying two-dimensional, vertically averaged...
The geochemistry of water near a surficial organic-rich uranium deposit, northeastern Washington State, U.S.A.
R. A. Zielinski, J. K. Otton, R. B. Wanty, C. T. Pierson
1987, Chemical Geology (62) 263-289
The chemistry of three stream, three spring and six near-surface waters in the vicinity of a Holocene organic-rich uranium deposit is described, with particular emphasis on the chemistry of U. Results characterize the solution behavior of uranium as U-bearing water interacts with relatively undecomposed, surficial organic matter. Of the measured...
PROTON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS OF TRACE-ELEMENT VARIATIONS IN VITRINITES IN THE SAME AND DIFFERENT COAL BEDS.
J.A. Minkin, E. C. T. Chao, Herma Blank, F.T. Dulong
1987, Scanning Micros (1) 503-513
The PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission) microprobe can be used for nondestructive, in-situ analyses of areas as small as those analyzed by the electron microprobe, and has a sensitivity of detection as much as two orders of magnitude better than the electron microprobe. Preliminary studies demonstrated that PIXE provides a capability...
Subsidence, crustal structure, and thermal evolution of Georges Bank basin
B. Ann Swift, D. S. Sawyer, J. A. Grow, Kim D. Klitgord
1987, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (71) 702-718
A geophysical study of Georges Bank basin defines a deep crustal structure that is interpreted in terms of the basin's tectonic and thermal history. Gravity models along three basin cross sections delineate two zones of crustal thinning at the basement hinge zone and oceanic crustal margins. These two zones bound...
PYROLYSIS/GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY OF A SERIES OF BURIED WOODS AND COALIFIED LOGS THAT INCREASE IN RANK FROM PEAT TO SUBBITUMINOUS COAL.
Patrick G. Hatcher, Harry E. Lerch, Rama K. Kotra, Vincent T. Verheyen
1987, Conference Paper, ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints
To better understand the coalification process, we have conducted numerous studies of the chemical structural composition of xylem tissue from gymosperm wood and related woods that has been coalified to varying degrees. The studies presented here, examine the chemical nature of buried and coalified xylem tissue at the molecular level....
CHANGES IN GRADE, VOLUME AND CONTAINED GOLD DURING THE MINING LIFE-CYCLE OF GOLD PLACER DEPOSITS.
J. D. Bliss, G. J. Orris, W. D. Menzie
1987, CIM Bulletin (80) 75-80
Analysis of gold placer data throughout the world suggests that gold grades and volumes cannot be used to distinguish between most types of gold placers. Only the alluvial plain and fan placers are significantly different among the types of gold placers considered. Gold grades and volumes change when working placers...
DISTRIBUTED GROUND-WATER DATA BASE OF THE U. S. G. S.
Richard R. Luckey
1987, Conference Paper
During the past 20 years, the ground-water data base of the U. S. Geological Survey has evolved from paper files in local offices, to a national data base on a central mainframe computer, to a distributed data base on a network of 49 minicomputers throughout the United States. Users in...
Labeling Projections on Published Maps
John P. Snyder
1987, American Cartographer (14) 21-27
To permit accurate scaling on a map, and to use the map as a source of accurate positions in the transfer of data, certain parameters - such as the standard parallels selected for a conic projection - must be stated on the map. This information is often missing on published...
Denali image map
Douglas R. Binnie, Alden P. Colvocoresses
1987, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (53) 307-310
The Denali National Park and Preserve 1:250,000-scale image map has been prepared and published as part of the US Geological Survey's (USGS) continuing research to improve image mapping techniques. Nine multispectral scanner (MSS) images were geometrically corrected, digitally mosaicked, and enhanced at the National Mapping Division's (NMD) EROS Data Center...
Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data
R. D. Jackson, M. S. Moran, L. W. Gay, L.H. Raymond
1987, Irrigation Science (8) 81-90
Airborne measurements of reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation were combined with ground-based measurements of incoming solar radiation, air temperature, windspeed, and vapor pressure to calculate instantaneous evaporation (LE) rates using a form of the Penman equation. Estimates of evaporation over cotton, wheat, and alfalfa fields were obtained on 5...
NEW APPLICATIONS IN THE INVERSION OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORM LOGS - RELATING MODE EXCITATION TO LITHOLOGY.
Frederick L. Paillet, C.H. Cheng, J.A. Meredith
1987, Log Analyst (28) 307-320
Existing techniques for the quantitative interpretation of waveform data have been based on one of two fundamental approaches: (1) simultaneous identification of compressional and shear velocities; and (2) least-squares minimization of the difference between experimental waveforms and synthetic seismograms. Techniques based on the first approach do not always work, and...
Computer graphics for quality control in the INAA of geological samples
J. N. Grossman, P. A. Baedecker
1987, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles (113) 43-59
A data reduction system for the routine instrumental activation analysis of samples is described, with particular emphasis on interactive graphics capabilities for evaluating analytical quality. Graphics procedures have been developed to interactively control the analysis of selected photopeaks during spectral analysis, and to evaluate detector performance during a given counting...
Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. III: Solubilities of halite in vapor-saturated liquids above 445°C and redetermination of phase equilibrium properties in the system NaCl-H2O to 1000°C and 1500 bars
I.-M. Chou
1987, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (51) 1965-1975
Halite solubilities along the three-phase curve in the binary system NaCl-H2O determined by DTA experiment can be represented by the equation Wt.% NaCl (±0.2) = 19.39 − 0.0364t + 3.553 × 10−4T2 − 2.298 × 10−7T3, where 447≦ T ≦ 800°C. Even though these halite solubilities are up to ~7 wt.% higher than...
