Analysis of time series of glacier speed: Columbia Glacier, Alaska
R. A. Walters, W. W. Dunlap
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (92) 8969-8975
During the summers of 1984 and 1985, laser measurements were made of the distance from a reference location to markers on the surface of the lower reach of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. The data have numerous gaps, mostly because of inclement weather. The laser measurements were corrected for variations in atmospheric...
CLAYFORM: a FORTRAN 77 computer program apportioning the constituents in the chemical analysis of a clay or other silicate mineral into a structural formula
M.W. Bodine Jr.
1987, Computers & Geosciences (13) 77-88
The FORTRAN 77 computer program CLAYFORM apportions the constituents of a conventional chemical analysis of a silicate mineral into a user-selected structure formula. If requested, such as for a clay mineral or other phyllosilicate, the program distributes the structural formula components into appropriate default or user-specified structural sites (tetrahedral, octahedral,...
The use of marine electromagnetic conductivity as a tool in hydrogeologic investigations
P.B. Duran
1987, Groundwater (25) 160-166
Field procedures for collecting marine electromagnetic (EM) conductivity data were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a hydrogeologic investigation of the Delaware River shipping channel. Eighty miles of marine EM data collected along the border between Pennsylvania and New Jersey were used...
Role of geophysics in identifying and characterizing sites for high-level nuclear waste repositories.
J. C. Wynn, E.H. Roseboom
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research (92) 7787-7796
Evaluation of potential high-level nuclear waste repository sites is an area where geophysical capabilities and limitations may significantly impact a major governmental program. Since there is concern that extensive exploratory drilling might degrade most potential disposal sites, geophysical methods become crucial as the only nondestructive means to examine large volumes...
Natural-field and very low-frequency tipper profile interpretation of contacts
Victor F. Labson, Alex Becker
1987, Geophysics (52) 1697-1707
Anomalous vertical magnetic field (tipper) profiles acquired using natural or very low-frequency (VLF) radio transmitter sources can be interpreted simply and rapidly for a number of geologic settings. The relations between computed numerical models, and outcropping dipping and buried vertical contacts are presented here in a series of interpretation charts....
Stable isotope compositions of fossil mollusks from southern California: Evidence for a cool last interglacial ocean.
D.R. Muhs, T.K. Kyser
1987, Geology (15) 119-122
Stable isotope compositions have been determined for modern mullusks and fossil mollusks collected from uplifted marine terraces at three localities in southern California. By using a paleoclimatic model that decouples the temperature and ice-volume signals in ocean water, ocean-water temperatures off southern California...
Regional heat flow variations in the northern Michigan and Lake Superior region determined using the silica heat flow estimator
R. Vugrinovich
1987, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (34) 15-24
Conventional heat flow data are sparse for northern Michigan. The groundwater silica heat flow estimator expands the database sufficiently to allow regional variations in heat flow to be examined. Heat flow shows a pattern of alternating highs and lows trending ESE across the Upper Peninsula and Lake Superior. The informal...
Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California
D.A. Cacchione, M.E. Field, D.E. Drake, G. B. Tate
1987, Geology (15) 1134-1137
Large crescentic dunes that resemble barchans have been discovered within elongate scour depressions on the northern California inner continental shelf by using side-scan sonar. These dunes appear to be migrating obliquely to the regional shelf gradient; a preferred offshore direction of transport is...
The Steens Mountain (Oregon) geomagnetic polarity transition: 3. Its regional significance
E. A. Mankinen, E.E. Larson, C. S. Grommé, M. Prevot, R. S. Coe
1987, Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth (92) 8057-8076
Study of the variations of direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field as recorded by the Miocene lava flows on Steens Mountain, southeastern Oregon, has resulted in a detailed description of total field behavior during a reversal in polarity. In addition to information about the polarity reversal itself, the detailed...
Comparing geotechnical to geologic estimates for past overburden in the Pierre-Hayes, South Dakota area: an argument for in-situ pressuremeter determination ( USA).
D. S. Collins, T. C. Nichols Jr.
1987, Mountain Geologist (24) 51-54
A knowledge of past overburden thickness is useful for designing underground structures such as waste repositories. This study attempts to determine if a correlation can be made between a geologic estimate and two types of geotechnical calculations of past overburden thickness. In the Pierre-Hayes area, Late Cretaceous Pierre Shales is...
Applications of universal kriging to an aquifer study in New Jersey
A. A. Pucci Jr., J.A.E. Murashige
1987, Groundwater (25) 672-678
This article describes the use of kriging for optimizing data collection and utility in a regional ground-water investigation of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in central New Jersey. Kriging was used to (1) estimate the altitude of an aquifer surface, (2) estimate hydraulic conductivities from point...
Prospects for heavy crude oil development
Richard F. Meyer
1987, Energy Exploration & Exploitation (5) 27-55
The problems of utilizing heavy crude oil and natural bitumens centre on their high viscosity which makes them difficult to produce, store, transport, and refine. These factors are reflected in costs. World reserves are substantial, however, perhaps as much as 7 trillion† barrels estimated to represent 0·9 trillion barrels of...
Limitations of determining density or magnetic boundaries from the horizontal gradient of gravity or pseudogravity data
V. J. S. Grauch, L. Cordell
1987, Geophysics (52) 118-121
The horizontal-gradient method has been used since 1982 to locate density or magnetic boundaries from gravity data (Cordell, 1979) or pseudogravity data (Cordell and Grauch, 1985). The method is based on the principle that a near-vertical, fault-like boundary produces a gravity anomaly whose horizontal gradient is largest directly over the...
Higher resolution satellite remote sensing and the impact on image mapping
Allen H. Watkins, June M. Thormodsgard
1987, Acta Astronautica (16) 221-232
Recent advances in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of civil land remote sensing satellite data are presenting new opportunities for image mapping applications. The U.S. Geological Survey's experimental satellite image mapping program is evolving toward larger scale image map products with increased information content as a result of improved image...
Solubility and stability of scorodite, FeAsO4.2H2O: Discussion
D. Kirk Nordstrom, George A. Parks
1987, American Mineralogist (72) 849-851
Reported solubility data for a synthetic scorodite and the techniques used to prepare the synthetic phase are questioned. (A.M. 70-838, 72-852)-J.A.Z....
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S NATIONAL REAL-TIME HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION SYSTEM USING GOES SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY.
William G. Shope Jr.
1987, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey maintains the basic hydrologic data collection system for the United States. The Survey is upgrading the collection system with electronic communications technologies that acquire, telemeter, process, and disseminate hydrologic data in near real-time. These technologies include satellite communications via the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, Data...
Computation of unsteady flows in the Alabama River
Hillary H. Jeffcoat, Marshall E. Jennings
1987, Water Resources Bulletin (23) 313-315
An application is described of the branch-network flow model, BRANCH, to the upper Alabama River system in central Alabama. The model is used to simulate one-dimensional unsteady flows and water surface elevations in approximately 60 river miles of the Alabama River system. Preliminary calibration was made using 72 hours of...
Inter-laboratory comparison of X-ray fluorescence analyses of eruptive products of El Chichón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico
Robert I. Tilling, Theodore J. Bornhorst, Joseph E. Taggart Jr., William I. Rose Jr., James J. McGee
1987, Applied Geochemistry (2) 337-345
An inter-laboratory comparison has been made of X-ray fluorescence analyses of 10 samples of lava and pumices from El Chichón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico. Some determinations of major-element constituents agree within analytical uncertainty, whereas others exchibit significant bias. Analyses carried out at the Michigan Technological University (MTU) laboratory are systematically lower in MgO...
Langrangian model of nitrogen kinetics in the Chattahoochee River
H.E. Jobson
1987, Journal of Environmental Engineering (113) 223-242
A Lagrangian reference frame is used to solve the convection‐dispersion equation and interpret water‐quality data obtained from the Chattahoochee River. The model was calibrated using unsteady concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate obtained during June 1977 and verified using data obtained during August 1976. Reaction kinetics of...
EMBANKMENT-DAM BREACH PARAMETERS.
David C. Froehlich
1987, Conference Paper
The study used data from 43 embankment-dam failures to develop equations that predict breach formation model parameters. These data include the failure mode, embankment characteristics, reservoir conditions at the time of failure, geometry of the final breach, and the time taken to form the breach. Regression equations were developed to...
UTILIZATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL GROUND-WATER QUALITY.
Douglas Nebert, Dean Anderson
1987, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs and several State agencies in Oregon has prepared a digital spatial database at 1:500,000 scale to be used as a basis for evaluating the potential for ground-water contamination by pesticides and...
GEOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF-MODEL PARAMETERS.
Arthur R. Schmidt, Linda S. Weiss, Kevin A. Oberg
1987, Conference Paper
The U. S. Geological Survey is developing techniques to estimate and evaluate unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameter values for rainfall-runoff models using Geographic Information System (GIS) procedures. The data base includes basin, soil, and climatological characteristics that will be stored in a GIS, and unit-hydrograph and loss-rate parameters obtained from calibration...
Benthic foraminifers on the continental shelf and upper slope, Russian River area, northern California ( USA).
P. J. Quinterno, J.V. Gardner
1987, Journal of Foraminiferal Research (17) 132-152
We analyzed benthic foraminifers from 71 surface samples collected from the sea floor of the continental margin. One hundred and six different taxa were identified, and Q-mode factor analysis was used to identify assemblages. Six foraminiferal assemblage factors explain 94% of the variation in the data matrix. The Inner Shelf...
Analysis of extraordinary flood events. U.S.-China bilateral symposium
E.W.H. Kirby, Hua Shi-Qian, L.R. Beard
1987, Journal of Hydrology (96)
The symposium took place in Nanjing on 15-19 October 1985 and this volume contains 29 of the 52 papers presented, most of the authors coming either from China or the USA. The articles are organized into three major topics: 1) detection of historical floods and evaluation of the uncertainties in...
The Badain Jaran Desert: Remote sensing investigations.
A. S. Walker, J. W. Olsen, Bagen
1987, Geographical Journal (153) 205-210
Approximately half the Badain Jaran Desert in the north-western Alashan Plain of northern China is a sand sea. The remainder is gravel or bedrock. The north-western border of the desert is a playa. The desert has been imaged by both Landsat and the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A). Landsat analysis indicates...
