Upper mantle structure from teleseismic P wave arrivals in Washington and northern Oregon
C. A. Michaelson, C.S. Weaver
1986, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (91) 2077-2094
Teleseismic P wave travel time residuals are used to detect lateral velocity heterogeneities in the upper mantle beneath Washington and northern Oregon. The results of an inversion for three-dimensional velocity variations resolves an east dipping high-velocity zone that we interpret as the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The plate is characterized by...
Nonlinear-regression groundwater flow modeling of a deep regional aquifer system
Richard L. Cooley, Leonard F. Konikow, Richard L. Naff
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 1759-1778
A nonlinear regression groundwater flow model, based on a Galerkin finite-element discretization, was used to analyze steady state two-dimensional groundwater flow in the areally extensive Madison aquifer in a 75,000 mi2 area of the Northern Great Plains. Regression parameters estimated include intrinsic permeabilities of the main aquifer and separate lineament zones,...
Recalibration and predictive reliability of a solute-transport model of an irrigated stream-aquifer system
M. Person, Leonard F. Konikow
1986, Journal of Hydrology (87) 145-165
A solute-transport model of an irrigated stream-aquifer system was recalibrated because of discrepancies between prior predictions of ground-water salinity trends during 1971-1982 and the observed outcome in February 1982. The original model was calibrated with a 1-year record of data collected during 1971-1972 in an 18-km reach of the Arkansas...
Interpretation of broad-band seismograms from central Aleutian earthquakes.
E.R. Engdahl, R. Kind
1986, Annales Geophysicae, Series B (4 B) 233-240
Broad-band Graefenberg (GRF) array data from 11 moderate-size shallow-depth earthquakes in the central Aleutians have been used to study the effects of focal depth and structure across the arc on observed waveforms. The theoretical results, primarily phase arrival times, suggest that arc structure is responsible for many of the complicated...
Development of labd cover and terrain databases for the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, using LANDSAT and digital terrain data
Carl J. Markon, Stephen S. Talbot
1986, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Fall Technical Meeting
Landsat-derived land cover maps and associated elevation, slope, and aspect class maps were produced for the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge (3,850,000 acres; 1,555,095 hectares) in northwestern Alaska. These maps and associated digital data products are being used by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for wildlife management, research, and...
Platinum-group element resources in podiform chromitites from California and Oregon
N.J. Page, D.A. Singer, B. C. Moring, C.A. Carlson, J.M. McDade, S. A. Wilson
1986, Economic Geology (81) 1261-1271
Rock samples from about 280 podiform chromite deposits in California and Oregon were analyzed for Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ir by fire assay-atomic absorption and spectrographic techniques to estimate by-product platinum-group element potential of chromite mining. These deposits include ophiolites from the Sierra...
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR PROGRAM: THE ALASKAN CONNECTION.
Allan N. Kover, John Edwin Jones, Stephen J. Gawarecki
1986, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Fall Technical Meeting
The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has become a major source of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) data as a result of a Congressional mandate in 1980 to 'begin the use of side-looking airborne radar for topographic and geologic mapping, and geological resource surveys in promising areas, particularly Alaska. ' In...
The South Fork detachment fault, Park County, Wyoming: discussion and reply ( USA).
W. G. Pierce
1986, Contributions to Geology - University of Wyoming, Laramie (24) 77-90
Blackstone (1985) published an interpretation of South form detachment fault and related features. His interpretation of the area between Castle and Hardpan transverse faults is identical to mine of 1941. Subsequent detailed mapping has shown that the structure between the transverse faults is more complicated than originally envisioned and resurrected...
URBAN STORMWATER-QUALITY INVESTIGATIONS BY THE USGS.
Marshall E. Jennings, Timothy L. Miller
Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A., editor(s)
1986, Conference Paper
U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) urban stormwater investigations, in cooperation with local and Federal agencies, have produced significant national data bases of information and enhanced understanding of urban hydrologic processes. Studies in progress include statistical regionalization of urban stormwater quality, the effects of stormwater detention on water quality, ways of...
Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales-II: Soxhlet extraction.
L.C. Price, T. Ging, A. Love, D. Anders
1986, Journal of Petroleum Geology (9) 313-342
We report on Soxhlet extraction (and subsequent related analyses) of 39 Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and analyses of 28 oils from the Basin. Because of the influence of primary petroleum migration, no increase in the relative or absolute concentrations of...
ANALYSIS OF THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STREAMGAGING NETWORK.
Arthur G. Scott
1986, Conference Paper
This paper summarizes the results from the first 3 years of a 5-year cost-effectiveness study of the U. S. Geological Survey streamgaging network. The objective of the study is to define and document the most cost-effective means of furnishing streamflow information. In the first step of this study, data uses...
Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales. Part 1: Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance
L.C. Price, T. Daws, M. Pawlewicz
1986, Journal of Petroleum Geology (9) 125-162
Detailed organic geochemistry has been performed on a large number of Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and 28 oils mainly from Mississippian Madison Group rocks from different basinal areas. Here we report results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) analyses....
Planning for optical disk technology with digital cartography.
D.L. Light
1986, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (52) 551-557
A major shortfall that still exists in digital systems is the need for very large mass storage capacity. The decade of the 1980s has introduced laser optical disk storage technology, which may be the breakthrough needed for mass storage. This paper addresses system concepts for digital cartography during the transition...
STORM-SEWER FLOW MEASUREMENT AND RECORDING SYSTEM.
Frederick A. Kilpatrick, William R. Kaehrle
1986, Transportation Research Record 1-9
A comprehensive study and development of instruments and techniques for measuring all components of flow in a storm-sewer drainage system were undertaken by the U. S. Geological Survey under the sponsorship of FHWA. The study involved laboratory and field calibration and testing of measuring flumes, pipe insert meters, weirs, and...
Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA)
F.P. Haeni
1986, Geophysics (51) 236-249
Seismic refraction studies were conducted over unconfined glacial aquifers in New England to determine: 1) depth of the underlying bedrock; 2) depth of the water table; 3) saturated thickness of the aquifer in areas not accessible to heavy drilling equipment; 4) areas where thick, unsaturated sediments overlie thickly saturated parts...
Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin
J. S. Schlee, K.K. Klitgord
1986, Journal of Geological Education (34) 72-89
The use of multichannel seismic-reflection profiles to study oceanic areas has advanced our understanding of deep crustal structure and the history of its development. Off eastern North America, where the structure of the continental margin is essentially constructional, seismic profiles have approximated geologic cross sections up to 10–15 km...
Manganese biogeochemistry in a small Adirondack forested lake watershed
James B. Shanley
1986, Water Resources Research (22) 1647-1656
In September and October 1981, manganese (Mn) concentrations and pH were intensively monitored in a small forested lake watershed in the west-central Adirondack Mountains, New York, during two large acidic storms (each ∼5 cm rainfall, pH 4.61 and 4.15). The data were evaluated to identify biogeochemical pathways of Mn and to assess...
Repetitive digital NOAA-AVHRR data for Alaskan engineering and scientific applications
William M. Christie, Robert J. Pawlowski, Michael D. Fleming
1986, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Fall Technical Meeting
Selected digitally enhanced NOAA - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images taken by the NOAA 6, 7, 8 and 9 Polar Orbiting Satellites demonstrate the capability and application of repetitive low-resolution satellite data to Alaska's engineering and science community. Selected cloud-free visible and thermal infrared images are enhanced to...
The heat capacity of a natural monticellite and phase equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2
Z.D. Sharp, E.J. Essene, Lawrence M. Anovitz, G.W. Metz, E.F. Westrum Jr., B. S. Hemingway, J.W. Valley
1986, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (50) 1475-1484
The heat capacity of a natural monticellite (Ca1.00Mg.09Fe.91Mn.01Si0.99O3.99) measured between 9.6 and 343 K using intermittent-heating, adiabatic calorimetry yields Cp0(298) and S2980 of 123.64 ± 0.18 and 109.44 ± 0.16 J · mol−1K−1 respectively. Extrapolation of this entropy value to end-member monticellite results in an S0298 = 108.1 ±...
Estimating monthly streamflow values by cokriging
A.R. Solow, S.M. Gorelick
1986, Mathematical Geology (18) 785-809
Cokriging is applied to estimation of missing monthly streamflow values in three records from gaging stations in west central Virginia. Missing values are estimated from optimal consideration of the pattern of auto- and cross-correlation among standardized residual log-flow records. Investigation of the sensitivity of estimation to data configuration showed that...
A comparison of upper mantle subcontinental electrical conductivity for North America, Europe, and Asia.
W.H. Campbell, E.R. Schiffmacher
1986, Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift fur Geophysik (59) 56-61
Spherical harmonic analysis coefficients of the external and internal parts of the quiet-day geomagnetic field variations (Sq), separated for the N American, European, Central Asian and E Asian regions, were used to determine conductivity profiles to depths of about 600km by the Schmucker equivalent-substitute conductor method. All 3 regions showed...
MODE IDENTIFICATION OF AN ARCH DAM BY A DYNAMIC AIR-GUN TEST.
Hsi-Ping Liu, Joseph J. Fedock, Jon B. Fletcher
1986, Conference Paper
Thirteen natural frequencies of a concrete arch dam (Monticello Dam near Sacramento, California) have been identified by using a dynamic testing method which employs an air gun firing in the reservoir as the excitation source. These vibrations modes are determined from the peak responses in the Fourier amplitude spectra of...
Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the central plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri
G.R. Hallberg
1986, Quaternary Science Reviews (5) 11-15
Recent investigations have documented the presence of several tills and interglacial paleosols that were not recognized in the simple Kansan-Aftonian-Nebraskan stratigraphic sequence. Also, the single 'Pearlette ash' recognized by early workers now is known to be three different Pearlette family ash beds of greatly contrasting ages. The complexity of the...
Field observations of bed shear stress and sediment resuspension on continental shelves, Alaska and California
D.E. Drake, D.A. Cacchione
1986, Continental Shelf Research (6) 415-429
Bed shear stress was estimated using wave and current measurements obtained with the GEOPROBE bottom-tripod system during resuspension events in Norton Sound, Alaska, and on the northern California shelf. The boundary-layer model of Grant and Madsen (1979, Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 1797-1808) was used to compute the bed shear...
Mass storage estimates for the digital mapping era.
D.L. Light
1986, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (52) 419-425
Proponents of the digital era recognize that a break-through in mass storage technology may be required to attain a reasonable degree of computerization of the cartographic mapping and data management process. This paper provides the rationale for estimating that about 1014 bits of digital mass storage are needed for developing...
