Adjustment of geochemical background by robust multivariate statistics
D. Zhou
1985, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (24) 207-222
Conventional analyses of exploration geochemical data assume that the background is a constant or slowly changing value, equivalent to a plane or a smoothly curved surface. However, it is better to regard the geochemical background as a rugged surface, varying with changes in geology and environment. This rugged surface can...
Intraband radiometric performance of the Landsat Thematic Mappers.
H. H. Kieffer, D.A. Cook, E. M. Eliason, P.T. Eliason
1985, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (51) 1331-1350
Radiometric characteristics have been examined of the Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mappers (TMs) that can be established without absolute calibration of spectral data. This analysis is based on radiometrically and geometrically raw (B-type) data of both uniform (flat-field) and high-contrast scenes. Subscenes selected for uniform radiance were used to characterized...
Temporal fluctuations in grain size, organic materials and iron concentrations in intertidal surface sediment of San Francisco Bay
E. A. Thomson-Becker, Samuel N. Luoma
1985, Hydrobiologia (129) 91-107
The physical and chemical characteristics of the oxidized surface sediment in an estuary fluctuate temporally in response to physical forces and apparently-fluctuating inputs. These characteristics, which include grain size and concentrations of organic materials and iron, will influence both trace-metal geochemistry and bioavailability. Temporal trends in the abundance of fine...
Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology
Kaye M. Shedlock, Lucile M. Jones, Xiufang Ma
1985, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (75) 427-439
An arrival time difference method utilizing refracted arrivals from earthquakes in a homogeneous, layered earth model has been developed for the simultaneous determination of near-source (in situ) velocity and relative locations of earthquakes. The method is particularly applicable when analyzing data from arrays in which most of the recording stations...
Experimental chemical weathering of various bedrock types at different pH-values. 1. Sandstone and granite
A.A. Afifi, O.P. Bricker, J.C. Chemerys
1985, Chemical Geology (49) 87-113
Experimental chemical weathering of the so-called Old Rag Granite and Massanutten Sandstone, Virginia, U.S.A., has produced a comparison with the natural environment, and prediction of the effect of acid precipitation. The experimental results of the release of elements, dissolution of minerals, total rock weathered and the degree of weathering...
Benthic fluxes in San Francisco Bay
Douglas E. Hammond, C. Fuller, D. Harmon, Blayne Hartman, M. Korosec, L.G. Miller, R. Rea, S. Warren, W. Berelson, S.W. Hager
1985, Hydrobiologia (129) 69-90
Measurements of benthic fluxes have been made on four occasions between February 1980 and February 1981 at a channel station and a shoal station in South San Francisco Bay, using in situ flux chambers. On each occasion replicate measurements of easily measured substances such as radon, oxygen, ammonia, and silica...
Lognormal field size distributions as a consequence of economic truncation
E. D. Attanasi, L.J. Drew
1985, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (17) 335-351
The assumption of lognormal (parent) field size distributions has for a long time been applied to resource appraisal and evaluation of exploration strategy by the petroleum industry. However, frequency distributions estimated with observed data and used to justify this hypotheses are conditional. Examination of various observed field size distributions across...
The copper-nickel concentration log: A tool for stratigraphic interpretation within the ultramafic and basal zones of the stillwater complex, Montana
L.J. Drew, W.J. Bawiec, N.J. Page, J.H. Schuenemeyer
1985, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (23) 117-137
An analogue to the electric well log was devised for copper-nickel concentration drill-hole data from the Basal and lower part of the Ultramafic zones of the Stillwater Complex using automated data processing. The copper-nickel concentration logs graphically represent intensity (concentration) values that reflect the distribution of the elements in sulfide...
Trace element content of gossans at four mines in the West Shasta massive sulfide district
R. F. Sanzolone, J. A. Domenico
1985, Economic Geology (80) 2206-2212
We evaluated the trace element content of gossans at four mines in the West Shasta Cu-Zn mining district in California. We found little difference in trace element content between the chipped rock rind and whole-rock gossan samples. Gossans derived from disseminated sulfides were found to have a lower trace element...
Some mineral stability relations in the system CaO MgO SiO2 H2O HCl
R.W. Luce, G.L. Cygan, J.J. Hemley, W. M. d’Angelo
1985, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (49) 525-538
Mineral-aqueous solution equilibria for the assemblages talc-quartz, tremolite-talc-quartz, diopside-tremolite-quartz, wollastonite-diopside-quartz and wollastonite-quartz have been studied at 2 kb total pressure, 500° to 700°C and chloride concentrations from 0.03 to 6.0 molal. Most work was at 1 m chloride. Both buffered and unbuffered data were obtained and a recalibration of the...
Effects of increased pumpage on a fractured-bedrock aquifer system in central Orange County, New York
Murray Garber
1985, Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4348
The bedrock in central Orange County consists of highly indurated siltstone, shale, and conglomerate containing two major fault systems and extensive fracturing; it is overlain by 50 to 100 feet of till. The fracturing permits unusually high well yields. Wells tapping the bedrock yield 75 to 200 gallons per minute;...
Improving waterfowl production estimates: Results of a test in the prairie pothole region
P.M. Arnold, L.M. Cowardin
1985, International Congress of Game Biologists (17) 859-865
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in an effort to improve and standardize methods for estimating waterfowl production tested a new technique in the four-county Arrowwood Wetland Management District (WMD) for three years (1982-1984). On 14 randomly selected 10.36 km2 plots, upland and wetland habitat was mapped, classified, and digitized....
Interpretation of criteria commonly used to determine lead poisoning problem areas
Milton Friend
1985, Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 2
Determination of lead poisoning problem areas is complicated by the nature of the disease process. Rigorous documentation of lead poisoning as a cause of mortality in birds requires the integration and evaluation of pathological and toxicological data by an experienced diagnostician. No single technique provides unequivocal proof that lead exposure...
DATA ACQUISITION AND APPLICATIONS OF SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR IN THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
John Edwin Jones, Allan N. Kover
1985, Conference Paper, Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting
The Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) program encompasses a multi-discipline effort involving geologists, hydrologists, engineers, geographers, and cartographers of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Since the program began in 1980, more than 520,000 square miles of aerial coverage of SLAR data in the conterminous United States and Alaska have been...
Block Island fault: A Paleozoic crustal boundary on the Long Island platform
Deborah R. Hutchinson, Kim D. Klitgord, R. S. Detrick
1985, Geology (13) 875-879
A major fault cutting through most of the crust can be identified and mapped on the Long Island platform using multichannel seismic reflection profiles and magnetic data. The fault, here called the Block Island fault (BIF), strikes north-northeast, dips westward at low angle, and does not resemble the thin-skinned thrust...
Analysis of the low-flow characteristics of streams in Louisiana
Fred N. Lee
1985, Water Resources Technical Report of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works 35
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works, used geologic maps, soils maps, precipitation data, and low-flow data to define four hydrographic regions in Louisiana having distinct low-flow characteristics. Equations were derived, using regression analyses, to estimate the 7Q2, 7Q10,...
Limnology of nine small lakes, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and the survival and growth rates of rainbow trout
P. F. Woods
1985, Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4292
The survival and growth rates of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnieri) were concurrently measured with selected limnological characteristics in nine small (surface area < 25 sq hectometers) lakes in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. The project goal was to develop empirical models for predicting rainbow trout growth rates from the following variables: total...
Preliminary evaluation of the landsat-4 thematic mapper data for mineral exploration
M. H. Podwysocki, M.S. Power, O. D. Jones
1985, Advances in Space Research (5) 13-20
Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) data recorded over an arid terrain were analyzed to determine the applicability of using of TM data for identifying and mapping hydrothermally altered, potentially mineralized rocks. Clays, micas, and other minerals bearing the OH anion in specific crystal lattice positions have absorption bands in the 2.2-??m...
ANNIE - INTERACTIVE PROCESSING OF DATA BASES FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELS.
Alan M. Lumb, John L. Kittle
1985, Conference Paper
ANNIE is a data storage and retrieval system that was developed to reduce the time and effort required to calibrate, verify, and apply watershed models that continuously simulate water quantity and quality. Watershed models have three categories of input: parameters to describe segments of a drainage area, linkage of the...
Type curve analysis of inertial effects in the response of a well to a slug test.
Kenneth L. Kipp Jr.
1985, Water Resources Research (21) 1397-1408
The water level response to a slug or bailer test in a well completed in a confined aquifer has been evaluated taking into account well-bore storage and inertial effects of the water column in the well. The response range, from overdamped with negligible inertial effects to damped oscillation, was covered...
INTRABAND RADIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE OF THE LANDSAT 4 THEMATIC MAPPER.
Hugh H. Kieffer, Eric M. Eliason, Pat S. Chavez Jr.
Barker John L., editor(s)
1985, Conference Paper, NASA Conference Publication
This preliminary report examines those radiometric characteristics of the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) that can be established without absolute calibration of spectral data. Analysis is based largely on radiometrically raw (B type) data of three daytime and two nighttime scenes; in most scenes, a set of 512 lines were...
Anomalous hydrogen emissions from the San Andreas fault observed at the Cienega Winery, central California
M. Sato, A. J. Sutton, K.A. McGee
1985, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH (122) 376-391
We began continuous monitoring of H2 concentration in soil along the San Andreas and Calaveras faults in central California in December 1980, using small H2/O2 fuel-cell sensors. Ten monitoring stations deployed to date have shown that anomalous H2 emissions take place occasionally in addition to diurnal changes. Among the ten...
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.
D. E. Erdmann, J.D. Thomas
1985, Conference Paper, ASTM Special Technical Publication
Reference samples are submitted semiannually to field analysts for measurement of these parameters with the same techniques and instruments used in the field. Both the personnel and the instruments involved in making the determinations are recorded. When the data are complete, a report defining the quality of the analytical results...
Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada; October, 1981 to October, 1982
J.W. Ball, D. Kirk Nordstrom
1985, Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4169
Water issuing from the inactive Leviathan open-pit sulfur mine has caused serious degradation of the water quality in the Leviathan/Bryant Creek drainage basin which drains into the East Fork of the Carson River. As part of a pollution abatement project of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, the U.S....
Source pulse enhancement by deconvolution of an empirical Green's function
Charles S. Mueller
1985, Geophysical Research Letters (12) 33-36
Observations of the earthquake source-time function are enhanced if path, recording-site, and instrument complexities can be removed from seismograms. Assuming that a small earthquake has a simple source, its seismogram can be treated as an empirical Green's function and deconvolved from the seismogram of a larger...
