Enumeration of prairie wetlands with Landsat and aircraft data
D.S. Gilmer, E.A. Work Jr., J.E. Colwell, D.L. Rebel
1980, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (46) 631-634
A method is described for making an estimate of wetland numbers in the glaciated prairie region. A double-phase sampling approach is used which consists of first making a total census of wetlands using Landsat data, and then adjusting the Landsat results on the basis of samples derived from high resolution...
Implications of regional gravity for state of stress in the earth's crust and upper mantle
M. McNutt
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 6377-6396
Topography is maintained by stress differences within the earth. Depending on the distribution of the stress we classify the support as either local or regional compensation. In general, the stresses implied in a regional compensation scheme are an order of magnitude larger than those corresponding to local isostasy. Gravity anomalies,...
Morphology of Lonar Crater, India: Comparisons and implications
R.F. Fudali, D.J. Milton, K. Fredriksson, A. Dube
1980, The Moon and the Planets (23) 493-515
Lonar Crater is a young meteorite impact crater emplaced in Deccan basalt. Data from 5 drillholes, a gravity network, and field mapping are used to reconstruct its original dimensions, delineate the nature of the pre-impact target rocks, and interpret the emplacement mode of the ejecta. Our estimates of the pre-erosion...
Some constraints on levels of shear stress in the crust from observations and theory
Art McGarr
1980, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (85) 6231-6238
In situ stress determinations in North America, southern Africa, and Australia indicate that on the average the maximum shear stress increases linearly with depth to at least 5.1 km measured in soft rock, such as shale and sandstone, and to 3.7 km in hard rock, including granite and quartzite. Regression...
Nd-isotopes in selected mantle-derived rocks and minerals and their implications for mantle evolution
A. R. Basu, M. Tatsumoto
1980, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (75) 43-54
The Sm-Nd systematics in a variety of mantle-derived samples including kimberlites, alnoite, carbonatite, pyroxene and amphibole inclusions in alkali basalts and xenolithic eclogites, granulites and a pyroxene megacryst in kimberlites are reported. The additional data on kimberlites strengthen our earlier conclusion that kimberlites are derived from a relatively undifferentiated chondritic...
Preparation and Presentation of Digital Maps in Raster Format
K. Edwards, R. M. Batson
1980, American Cartographer (7) 39-49
A set of algorithms has been developed at USGS Flagstaff for displaying digital map data in raster format. The set includes: FILLIN, which assigns a specified attribute code to units of a map which have been outlined on a digitizer and converted to raster format; FILBND, which removes the outlines;...
Crude oil degradation as an explanation of the depth rule
L.C. Price
1980, Chemical Geology (28) 1-30
Previous studies of crude oil degradation by water washing and bacterial attack have documented the operation of these processes in many different petroleum basins of the world. Crude oil degradation substantially alters the chemical and physical makeup of a crude oil, changing a light paraffinic low-S "mature" crude to a...
Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass
A. F. White, H.C. Claassen
1980, Chemical Geology (28) 91-109
Aqueous dissolution experiments with the vitric phase of a rhyolitic tuff were performed at 25??C and constant pH in the range 4.5-7.5. Results suggest interchange of aqueous hydrogen ions for cations situated both on the surface and within the glass. At time intervals from 24 to 900 hr., dissolution kinetics...
Shallow, low-permeability reservoirs of northern Great Plains: Assessment of their natural gas resources.
Dudley D. Rice, George W. Shurr
1980, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin (64) 969-987
Major resources of natural gas are entrapped in low-permeability, low-pressure reservoirs at depths less than 4,000 ft (1,200 m) in the northern Great Plains. This shallow gas is the product of the immature stage of hydrocarbon generation and is referred to as biogenic gas. Prospective low-permeability, gas-bearing reservoirs range in...
Emission spectra of the cations of some fluoro-substituted phenols in the gaseous phase
John Paul Maier, O. Marthaler, Manijeh Mohraz, R.H. Shiley
1980, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena (19) 11-20
Emission spectra of the cations of 2,5- and 3,5-difluorophenol, of 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-trifluorophenol, of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol and of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol have been obtained in the gas phase using low-energy electron beam excitation. The band systems are assigned to the B̃(π−1) → X̃(π−1) electronic transitions of these cations by reference to photoelectron spectroscopic data. The...
Hydraulic piston coring of late Neogene and Quaternary sections in the Caribbean and equatorial Pacific: Preliminary results of Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 68
W.L. Prell, James V. Gardner, Charles Adelseck, Gretchen Blechschmidt, Andrew J. Fleet, Lloyd D. Keigwin, Dennis V. Kent, Michael T. Ledbetter, Ulrich Mann, Larry Mayer, William R. Reidel, Constance Sancetta, Dann J. Spariosu, Herman B. Zimmerman
1980, Geological Society of America Bulletin (91) 433-444
Leg 68 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project used the newly developed Hydraulic Piston Corer (HPC) to recover two virtually continuous, undisturbed sections of late Neogene and Quaternary sediment. The sites are located in the western Caribbean (Site 502, 4 holes) and in...
Late Wisconsin and Holocene tectonic stability of the United States mid-Atlantic coastal region
B. W. Blackwelder
1980, Geology (8) 534-537
Deposits that formed in the intertidal zone during sea-level rise 12,000 to 9,000 yr ago have undergone very little differential vertical deformation in the area between New York City and South Carolina. The lack of north-south vertical deformation contrasts with tide-gauge and with...
Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data
A.T. Miesch
1980, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (12) 523-538
The dominant feature distinguishing one method of principal components analysis from another is the manner in which the original data are transformed prior to the other computations. The only other distinguishing feature of any importance is whether the eigenvectors of the inner product-moment of the transformed data matrix are taken...
Geophysical investigations in deep horizontal holes drilled ahead of tunnelling
R. D. Carroll, M.J. Cunningham
1980, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts (17) 89-107
Deep horizontal drill holes have been used since 1967 by the Defense Nuclear Agency as a primary exploration tool for siting nuclear events in tunnels at the Nevada Test Site. The U.S. Geological Survey had developed geophysical logging techniques for obtaining resistivity and velocity in these holes, and to date...
Remote sensing of snow and ice
M. F. Meier
1980, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin (25) 307-330
Monitoring of snow and ice on the Earth's surface will require increasing use of satellite remote sensing techniques. These techniques are evolving rapidly. Active and passive sensors operating in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave wavelengths are described in regard to general applications and in regard to specific...
High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin
John C. Behrendt, Kim D. Klitgord
1980, Geophysics (45) 1813-1846
The U.S. Geological Survey contracted a high-sensitivity, digital aeromagnetic survey that was flown over the U.S. Atlantic continental margin over a period of 15 months between 1974 and 1976. The 185,000 km of profile data have a relative accuracy approaching a few tenths of a nanotesla, which allowed compilation into...
Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft
W.I. Rose Jr., R.D. Cadle, L.E. Heidt, I. Friedman, A.L. Lazrus, B.J. Huebert
1980, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (7) 1-10
Gas samples were collected by aircraft entering volcanic eruption clouds of three Guatemalan volcanoes. Gas chromatographic analyses show higher H2 and S gas contents in ash eruption clouds and lower H2 and S gases in vaporous gas plumes. H isotopic data demonstrate lighter isotopic distribution of water vapor in ash...
Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations
V. Pereyra, H.B. Keller, W.H.K. Lee
1980, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (21) 120-125
General ways of solving various inverse problems are studied for given travel time observations between sources and receivers. These problems are separated into three components: (a) the representation of the unknown quantities appearing in the model; (b) the nonlinear least-squares problem; (c) the direct, two-point ray-tracing problem used to compute...
Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics
M. Hohn, E.B. Nuhfer, R.J. Vinopal, D.S. Klanderman
1980, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (12) 589-606
Classifying very fine-grained rocks through fabric elements provides information about depositional environments, but is subject to the biases of visual taxonomy. To evaluate the statistical significance of an empirical classification of very fine-grained rocks, samples from Devonian shales in four cored wells in West Virginia and Virginia were measured for...
Jupiter and the Voyager mission
L. Soderblom
Henry Spall, editor(s)
1980, Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS) (12) 128-130
In 1977, the United States launched two unmanned Voyager spacecraft that were to take part in an extensive reconnaissance of the outer planets over a 12-year period visiting the environs of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Their first encounter was with the complex Jupiter planetary system 400 million miles away....
Computational methods for a three-dimensional model of the petroleum-discovery process
J.H. Schuenemeyer, W.J. Bawiec, L.J. Drew
1980, Computers & Geosciences (6) 323-360
A discovery-process model devised by Drew, Schuenemeyer, and Root can be used to predict the amount of petroleum to be discovered in a basin from some future level of exploratory effort: the predictions are based on historical drilling and discovery data. Because marginal costs of discovery and production are a...
Radioactivity method
J. S. Duval
1980, Geophysics (45) 1690-1694
Radioactivity measurements have played an important role in geophysics since about 1935, and they have increased in importance to the present. The most important areas of application have been in petroleum and uranium exploration. Radioactivity measurements have proved useful in geologic mapping, as well as in specialized applications such as...
Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1979
U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation
1980, Report
This report is a digest of information furnished by Federal Agencies on sedimentation investigations, both ongoing and planned. Included in the report are a review of important findings, new methodologies, new publications, laboratory and other research activities, and other pertinent information. The material is organized on the basis of the...
Hydrogeologic data for Eureka Springs landfill and adjacent area, north-central Hillsborough County, Florida, 1969-73
A. D. Duerr, Joseph William Stewart
1980, Open-File Report 80-70
Well location and construction data are summarized for 218 wells in the Eureka Springs landfill and adjacent areas in north-central Hillsborough County, FL. Most of the data are for 88 wells within the immediate vicinity of the landfill. Water-quality data are presented for 93 of the wells and 13 surface-water...
Geophysical, lithologic, and water-quality data from Superior Dry Lake, San Bernardino County, California
Roger D. Dockter
1980, Open-File Report 80-1029
No abstract available....
