Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system
K. E. Juracek, J. F. Kenny
1993, Water Resources Bulletin (29) 973-979
As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the...
Generation of aliphatic acid anions and carbon dioxide by hydrous pyrolysis of crude oils
Y.K. Kharaka, P.D. Lundegard, G. Ambats, William C. Evans, J. L. Bischoff
1993, Applied Geochemistry (8) 317-324
Two crude oils with relatively high (0.60 wt%) and low (0.18 wt%) oxygen contents were heated in the presence of water in gold-plated reactors at 300??C for 2348 h. The high-oxygen oil was also heated at 200??C for 5711 h. The compositions of aqueous organic acid anions of the oils...
Geologic and hydrologic hazards in glacierized basins in North America resulting from 19th and 20th century global warming
J. E. O’Connor, J. E. Costa
1993, Natural Hazards (8) 121-140
Alpine glacier retreat resulting from global warming since the close of the Little Ice Age in the 19th and 20th centuries has increased the risk and incidence of some geologic and hydrologic hazards in mountainous alpine regions of North America. Abundant loose debris in recently deglaciated areas at the toe...
Distribution and significance of dicarboxylic acid anions in oil field waters
Y.K. Kharaka, G. Ambats, J.J. Thordsen
1993, Chemical Geology (107) 499-501
No abstract available....
The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America
M.-K. Woo, Thomas C. Winter
1993, Journal of Hydrology (141) 5-31
Wetlands are a common landscape feature in the Arctic, Subarctic, and north Temperate zones of North America. In all three-zones, the occurrnce of seasonal frost results in similar surface-water processes in the early spring. For example, surface ice and snow generally melt before the soil frost thaws, causing melt water...
Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations
W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark
1993, Icarus (104) 69-78
An analysis of recent telescopic observations of Callisto results in new insights regarding spectral variations from the leading to the trailing hemisphere of Callisto. Examination of data in the wavelength range from 2.0 to 2.5 ??m indicates that previous suggestions of spectral differences are most likely the result of experimental...
Petrology and isotopic composition of Quaternary basanites dredged from the Bering Sea continental margin near Navarin Basin
A. S. Davis, S.H. Gunn, L.-B. Gray, M. S. Marlow, F. L. Wong
1993, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (30) 975-984
Quaternary basanites were recovered from shallow water depth from the continental margin of the Bering Sea (58°39.0′N, 177°12.9′W) near Navarin Basin. The basanites are highly vesicular flow rock and hyaloclastites similar to other alkalic volcanic rocks erupted repeatedly during the late Cenozoic on islands in the Bering Sea region and...
Dynamic behavior of Kilauea Volcano and its relation to hydrothermal systems and geothermal energy
Jim Kauhikaua, R. B. Moore
Anon, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council
Exploitation of hydrothermal systems on active basaltic volcanoes poses some unique questions about the role of volcanism and hydrothermal system evolution. Volcanic activity creates and maintains hydrothermal systems while earthquakes create permeable fractures that, at least temporarily, enhance circulation. Magma and water, possibly hydrothermal water, can interact violently to produce...
Sedimentary sulfur geochemistry of the Paleogene Green River Formation, western USA: Implications for interpreting depositional and diagenetic processes in saline alkaline lakes
M. L. Tuttle, M. B. Goldhaber
1993, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (57) 3023-3039
The sulfur geochemistry of the lacustrine Paleogene Green River Formation (Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, USA) is unlike that of most marine and other lacustrine rocks. Distinctive chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical characteristics of the formation are pyrrhotite and marcasite, high contents of iron mineral sulfides strikingly enriched in34S, cyclical trends in...
Bridge-scour analysis using the water surface profile (WSPRO) model
David S. Mueller
Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering
A program was developed to extract hydraulic information required for bridge-scour computations, from the Water-Surface Profile computation model (WSPRO). The program is written in compiled BASIC and is menu driven. Using only ground points, the program can compute average ground elevation, cross-sectional area below a specified datum, or create a...
Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the Pervenets Canyon area of the Bering Sea: Evidence from the diatom flora
Scott W. Starratt
1993, Diatom Research (8) 159-170
Sediments from three gravity cores from an east-west shelf-to-slope transect along the axis of Pervenets Canyon in the northern Navarin basin, Bering Sea were analyzed for diatoms. The diatom floras present in the cores were divided into four assemblages following Sancetta (1981). The Bering Basin (deep water open ocean) and...
Application of headspace analysis to the study of sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals to α-Al2O3
Judith A. Pelinger, Steven J. Eisenreich, Paul D. Capel
1993, Environmental Science & Technology (27) 928-937
The sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) to ??-Al2O3 was investigated with a headspace analysis method. The semiautomated headspace analyzer gave rapid, precise, and accurate results for a homologous series alkylbenzenes even at low percentages of solute mass sorbed (3-50%). Sorption experiments carried out with benzene alone indicated weak interactions...
Assessing the paradigm of mutually exclusive erosion and deposition of mud, with examples from upper Chesapeake Bay
L.P. Sanford, J.P. Halka
1993, Marine Geology (114) 37-57
A paradigm of cohesive sediment transport research is that erosion and deposition are mutually exclusive. Many laboratory studies have shown that there is a velocity/stress threshold below which erosion does not occur and a lower threshold above which deposition does not occur....
Radionuclides in ground water of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, U.S.A.
J. M. Thomas, A. H. Welch, M.S. Lico, J. L. Hughes, R. Whitney
1993, Applied Geochemistry (8) 447-471
Ground water is the main source of domestic and public supply in the Carson River Basin. Ground water originates as precipitation primarily in the Sierra Nevada in the western part of Carson and Eagle Valleys, and flows down gradient in the direction of the Carson River through Dayton and Churchill...
Geophysical characteristics of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii
J. Kauahikaua
1993, Geothermics (22) 271-299
Clues to the overall structure of Kilauea volcano can be obtained from spatial studies of gravity, magnetic, and seismic velocity variations. The rift zones and summit are underlain by dense, magnetic, high P-wave-velocity rocks at depths of about 2 km less. The gravity and seismic velocity studies indicate that the...
Use of chemistry and stable sulfur isotopes to determine sources of trends in sulfate of Colorado lakes
J.T. Turk, K. Campbell, N.E. Spahr
1993, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (67) 415-431
The chemistry of lakes in the Mt. Zukel Wilderness Area (MZWA) and the Weminuche Wilderness Area (WWA) of Colorado has been monitored since 1985. The initial results indicate that changes have occurred in the chemistry of some lakes in both areas. Increased concentration of sulfate in lakes may be related...
Morphometric differentiation of American shad and white sucker eggs from riverine samples
R. M. Ross, R. M. Bennett
1993, Journal of Freshwater Ecology (8) 121-125
We developed a statistical method to distinguish the large demersal eggs of American shad from those of white sucker in riverine samples using egg morphometric analysis. Eggs were first screened by total diameter in deionized water according to ranges reported in the published literature. Differences in relative yolk...
Behavioral methods for assessing impacts of contaminants on early life stage fishes
E. E. Little, J.F. Fairchild, A. J. DeLonay
Lee A. Fuiman, editor(s)
1993, Conference Paper, Water quality and the early life stages of fishes, American Fisheries Society Symposium 14
No abstract available....
Acute toxicity of the herbicide bromoxynil to Daphnia magna
Kevin J. Buhl, Steven J. Hamilton, James C. Schmulbach
1993, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (12) 1455-1468
The acute toxicities of technical-grade bromoxynil octanoate (BO) and two commercial formulations, Buctril® and Bronate®, to < 24-h-old neonate Daphnia magna (Straus) were determined in soft, hard, and oligosaline water. In addition, effects of life stage, feeding, aging the herbicide, and exposure duration on BO toxicity to daphnids were investigated....
Anaerobes into heavy metal: Dissimilatory metal reduction in anoxic environments
Derek R. Lovley
1993, Trends in Ecology and Evolution (8) 213-217
Within the last decade, a novel form of microbial metabolism of major environmental significance has been elucidated. In this process, known as dissimilatory metal reduction, specialized microorganisms, living in anoxic aquatic sediments and ground water, oxidize organic compounds to carbon dioxide with metals serving as the oxidant. Recent studies have...
234U/238U as a ground-water tracer, SW Nevada-SE California
K.R. Ludwig, Z. E. Peterman, K. R. Simmons, E. D. Gutentag
1993, Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 4th annual international conference on high level radioactive waste management
The 234U/238U ratio of uranium in oxidizing ground waters is potentially an excellent ground-water tracer because of its high solubility and insensitivity to chemical reactions. Moreover, recent advances in analytical capability have made possible very precise uranium-isotopic analyses on modest (approx.100 ml) amounts of normal ground water. Preliminary results on...
Determination of C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography
R.P. Eganhouse, T.F. Dorsey, C.S. Phinney, A.M. Westcott
1993, Journal of Chromatography (628) 81-92
A method is described for the determination of the C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water based on purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Retention time data and 70 eV mass spectra were obtained for benzene and all 35 C7-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons. With optimized chromatographic conditions and...
Effects of agricultural nutrient management on nitrogen fate and transport in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
D. W. Hall, D. W. Risser
1993, Water Resources Bulletin (29) 55-76
Nitrogen inputs to, and outputs from, a 55-acre site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were estimated to determine the pathways and relative magnitude of loads of nitrogen entering and leaving the site, and to compare the loads of nitrogen before and after the implementation of nutrient management. Inputs of nitrogen to...
Assimilation efficiency for sediment-sorbed benzo(a)pyrene by Diporeia spp.
M.J. Lydy, P.F. Landrum
1993, Aquatic Toxicology (26) 209-224
Two methods are currently available for determining contaminant assimilation efficiencies (AE) from ingested material in benthic invertebrates. These methods were compared using the Great Lakes amphipod Diporeia spp. and [14C]benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) sorbed to Florissant sediment (< 63 µm). The first approach, the direct measurement method, uses total organic carbon as...
Selenium source identification and biogeochemical processes controlling selenium in surface water and biota, Kendrick Reclamation Project, Wyoming, U.S.A.
D. L. Naftz, R.B. See, P. Ramirez
1993, Applied Geochemistry (8) 115-126
The major tributaries draining the Kendrick Reclamation Project (KRP) account for an average of 52% of the total Se load measured in the North Platte River downstream from Casper, Wyoming. The Casper Creek drainage basin contributed the largest Se load of...
